‡hvMv‡hvM

‡hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv

'‡hvMv‡hvM' kãwU jvwZb kã 'Kwgwbm' †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© 'cªPwjZ'|

myZivs '‡hvMv‡hvM Kiv', Gi A_© 'mvaviY Kiv' ev 'cwiwPZ Kiv' mvaviY I
cwiwPZ Kivi GB KvRwU wPšÍvfvebv, aviYv ev Gi gZ wewbgq gva¨‡g
cwiPvwjZ nq| wPšÍvfvebv Ges aviYv¸wji Av`vb-cª`vb A½fw½, j¶Y, ms‡KZ,
e³…Zv ev †jLvi gva¨‡g n‡Z cv‡i|

g~jZ, †hvMv‡hvM wjwLZfv‡e ev †gŠwLKfv‡e Z_¨ fvM K‡i wb‡”Q|

Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM n'j Avcbvi evZ©v¸wj Ab¨ e¨w³i Kv‡Q ¯úó Ges
Ø&h_©nxbfv‡e †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi wel‡q| GwU hZUv m¤¢e mvgvb¨ weK„wZ
w`‡q A‡b¨iv Avcbv‡K cvVv‡”Q Ggb Z_¨ MªnY Kivi wel‡qI

cªK„Zc‡¶, †hvMv‡hvM †Kej ZLbB mdj nq hLb †cªiK Ges cªvcK DfqB
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi djvdj wnmv‡e GKB Z_¨ †ev‡S|

‡hvMv‡hvM gv‡b n‡”Q GKR‡bi mv‡_ Avi GKR‡bi fv‡ei Av`vb- cÖ`vb|
†hvMv‡hvM K_vi gva¨‡g n‡Z cv‡i, †jLvi gva¨‡g n‡Z cv‡i Avevi AvKvi
Bw½‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| m„wóKZ©vi GK we¯§qKi m„wó n‡”Q gv| †mB gv‡qi
mv‡_ I m`¨ f~wgô wkïi fve wewbgq nq ‡Kvb iKg K_v I †jLv QvovB| m`¨
f~wgô wkï †Ku‡` †K‡U GKvKvi n‡q Zvi gv‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i| Avgiv
hLb eÜz‡`i mv‡_ AvÇv †`B ZLb Avgviv GZR‡bi mv‡_ Avi GKR‡bi fv‡ei
Av`vb cÖ`vb Kwi| eZ©gv‡b Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡bi d‡j wcÖqRb‡`i mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM nq ‡dmeyK, fvBevi, †nvqvUmA¨v‡c wKsev B-‡gBj Gi gva¨‡g|
ZvB †hvMv‡hvM‡K ejv hvq Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi wØcvwÿK c×wZ, GKcÿ Zvi
fvebv ev AvBwWqv †kqvi Ki‡e Aci cÿ Zv MÖnb Ki‡e|

gwblx‡`i wKQy RbwcÖq ms½v wb‡b¥ †`Iqv nj:

O.W. Baskin and Craig E.Aronoff, “Communication is the exchange of

messages between people for the purpose of achieving common meaning”.

Heinz Whihrich and Koontz, “ Communication is the transfer of information

from a sender to a receiver with the information being understood by the
receiver”.
‡hvMv‡hvM cªwµqv
‡hvMv‡hvM hv Avgiv Avgv‡`i Kv‡Qi †jvK‡`i mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z †Póv Kwi
1| wPšÍv: cª_gZ, †cªi‡Ki g‡b Z_¨ we`¨gvb| GwU GKwU Kb‡mÞ, aviYv, Z_¨
ev Abyf~wZ n‡Z cv‡i|
2| Gb‡KvwWs: Gi c‡i, †KvbI evZ©v †cªiYKvix‡K kã ev Ab¨ wPý¸wj‡Z
†cªiY Kiv nq|
3| wW‡KvwWs: †kl Aewa, MªnxZv kã ev wPý¸wj GKwU aviYv ev Z‡_¨
Abyev` K‡ib hv †m ev †m eyS‡Z cv‡i|
‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡mm

Dr evZ Gb‡Kv wW‡Kv evZ cÖv

m wWs wWs cK

cÖwZw

evZ©v †cªi‡Yi mgq, 2 wU Dcv`vb Avm‡e ev cªvß n‡e: mvgMªx Ges cªm½|
welqe¯Íy n'j evZ©vwUi cªK„Z kã ev cªZxK hv fvlv wnmv‡e cwiwPZ - K_¨ Ges
wjwLZ kã¸wj‡K evK¨¸wj‡Z wgwkªZ K‡i hv e¨vKiYMZ Ges kãvw_©K A‡_©
ˆZwi K‡i| Avgiv mK‡jB k‡ãi A_© c„_Kfv‡e e¨envi Kwi Ges e¨vL¨v Kwi, ZvB
mvaviY evZ©v¸wjI fyj †evSv hvq| Ges AviI k‡ãi welqwU‡K AviI weåvšÍ Kivi
Rb¨ A‡bK k‡ãi wewfbœ A_© i‡q‡Q|
cªm½wU †mBfv‡e evZ©vwU †cŠu‡Q †`Iqv Ges c¨vivjs‡qR wnmv‡e cwiwPZ
- GwU e³…Zvi I †gŠwLK Dcv`vb †hgb K‡Éi myi, †cªi‡Ki †Pv‡Li †Pnviv,
kix‡ii fvlv, nv‡Zi A½fw½ Ges Av‡e‡Mi Ae¯’v (‡µva, fq , AwbðqZv,
AvZ¥wek¦vm BZ¨vw`) hv mbv³ Kiv hvq| hw`I c¨vivjs¸‡qR ev cªm‡½ evZ©v¸wj
fyj †evSveywSi KviY wnmv‡e Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi Avgiv hv ïwb Zvi †P‡q
†ewk †`wL; Zviv kw³kvjx †hvMv‡hvMKvix hv Avgv‡`i G‡K Aci‡K eyS‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| cªK„Zc‡¶, Avgiv cªvqkB †gŠwLK AvPi‡Yi †P‡q Awek¦vm¨
AvPi‡Yi wbf©yjZvi Dci wek¦vm Kwi|
wKQy wjWvi g‡b K‡ib †h Zviv GKevi KvD‡K wKQy Kivi Rb¨ ejvi c‡i
†hvMv‡hvM K‡i‡Q, "Avwg Rvwb bv †Kb GwU Kiv nqwb| Avwg wRg‡K
GwU Ki‡Z e‡jwQjvg|" m¤¢eZ, wRg evZ©vwU fyj ey‡SwQj| †KvbI evZ©v
†cªiYKvix (wW‡Kv‡WW) Øviv †evSv bv n‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nqwb| Avcwb
Kxfv‡e Rvb‡eb †h GwU mwVKfv‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q? wØ-gyLx †hvMv‡hvM
ev cªwZwµqv Øviv| GB cªwZwµqv †cªiK‡K Rvwb‡q †`q †h cªvcK evZ©vwU
eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, Gi ¸iæ‡Z¡i ¯Íi Ges GwUi mv‡_ Kx Kiv DwPZ|
†hvMv‡hvM GKwU wewbgq, †Kej GKwU Dcnvi bq, KviY Z_¨ wewbgqwU
m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z mg¯Í c¶‡K Aek¨B Ask wb‡Z n‡e|
e¨vemvwqK †hvMv‡hvM
&GKwU cÖvwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`b, e›Ub mnvqK Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi wfZi A_ev evwn‡ii wewfbœ e¨vw³ I cÖwZôv‡bi
mv‡_ fve, Z_¨, a¨vb avibvi Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv‡KB e¨vemvq †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|

William G. Scott Gi g‡Z e¨vemvwqK †hvMv‡hvM n‡”Q, “Administrative

communication is a process which involves the transmission and accurate
replication of ideas ensured by feedback for the purpose of eliciting actions
which will accomplish organizational goals.”

‡kl msÁvwU c«kvmwbK ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi 4 wU w`K‡K Kfvi K‡i:

1) ‡c«i‡Ki wb‡Ri aviYv mwVKfv‡e ‡c«iY Kivi ¶gZv|

2) ‡c«iYKvixi GKB aviYv cvIqvi Rb¨ c«vc‡Ki gvbwmK ¶gZv ‡hgb- mwVK
c«wZwjwc|

3) c«wZwµqv ev c«vc‡Ki c«wZwµqv|

4) GwjwKwUs A¨vKkb hv j¶¨ AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e

‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY

1. †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM

2. A †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM

1. †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM
‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi wfwË nj gvby‡li g‡a¨ wg_w¯Œqv| †jv‡Kiv gy‡LvgywL
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM GKwU Dcvq| †gŠwLK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi wKQy g~j Dcv`vb¸wj kã, kã, K_v ejv Ges fvlv

‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cªKvi¸wj

g~jZ `ywU ai‡Yi †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q: -

 †gŠwLK hvi A_© Kw_Z kã

 wjwLZ AvKv‡i hvi A_© wjwLZ

2. A †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM

‡kªvZvi `„wó AvKl©Y Kivi Rb¨ ev †KvbI evZ©v †kvl‡bi Rb¨ †KvbIiKg e³e¨
e¨envi bv K‡iB e¨w³ ev `‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cªwµqv wnmv‡e A‡hŠw³K
†hvMv‡hvM‡K m‡e©vËg msÁv †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| A-‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM
cªvqkB GKwU wPšÍvfvebv ev wPšÍvavivi cªKvk Ges Avcbvi evZ©vwU AviI
AvKl©Yxq Ges AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j hvi mv‡_ Avcwb K_v ejvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
nq|

A-‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweav¸wj n'j:

1) Avcwb KviI mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib whwb ewai‡`i c‡¶ kªeY k³|

2) Avcwb †h ¯’v‡b bxieZv eRvq ivL‡eb e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q †mLv‡b Avcwb
†hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3) Avcwb Ggb †KvbI K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib hv Avcwb Ab¨iv ïb‡Z ev ïb‡Z Pvb bv|

4) Avcwb hw` †KvbI e¨w³i †_‡K `~‡i _v‡Kb Z‡e Avcwb †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| e¨w³ Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡e wKš‘ ïb‡Z cv‡e bv|

5) A-‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM K‡_vcK_b‡K msw¶ß Ges msw¶ß K‡i †Zv‡j|

6) Avcwb mgqg‡Zv mvkªq Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Avcbvi fvlv eyS‡Z bv †c‡i Ggb
†jvK‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi miÄvg wnmv‡e GwU e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

kãnxb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Amyweav¸wj n'j:

1) Avcwb `xN© K‡_vcK_b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

2) Avcbvi evZ©vi weeiY Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv

3) eyS‡Z Amyweav Ges cªPyi cybive„wË cª‡qvRb|

4) †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ cvewjK miÄvg wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|

6) Kg cªfvekvjx Ges me©Î e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|

)) cª‡Z¨‡K †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i bv|

8) †jvK / †kªvZvi Dci Qvc ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

A †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cªKvi¸wj

A †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cªKvi¸wj Kx Kx?

cuvP ai‡Yi AcªPwjZ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q;

cuvP ai‡Yi AcªPwjZ †hvMv‡hvM¸wj wbgœwjwLZ:

1. †Pv‡Li †hvMv‡hvM

2. gy‡Li Awfe¨w³

3. A½fw½

4. fw½gv Ges †`n Iwi‡q‡›Ukb

5. cªw·wgwU

6. †fvKvj

†Pv‡Li †hvMv‡hvM: GwU †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cªevn‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z mnvqZv

K‡i| GwU A‡b¨i AvMª‡ni ms‡KZ †`q Ges w¯úKv‡ii wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv evovq|
†jv‡Kiv hviv †Pv‡Li †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zv‡`i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cªevn Db¥y³ K‡i
Ges AvMªn, D‡ØM, DòZv Ges wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv cªKvk K‡i|

gy‡Li Awfe¨w³: nvwm GKwU kw³kvjx m~Î hv myL, eÜyZ¡, DòZv Ges
cQ›`‡K mÂvi K‡i| myZivs, Avcwb hw` cªvqkB nv‡mb Z‡e Avcwb AviI
cQ›`bxq, eÜyZ¡c~Y©, Dò Ges Kv‡Q †cŠuQbxq wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡eb|
nvwm cªvqkB msµvgK nq Ges †jv‡Kiv AbyK~j cªwZwµqv Rvbvq| Zviv
Avcbvi Pvicv‡k AviI ¯^v”Q›`¨hy³ n‡e Ges AviI ïb‡Z PvB‡e|

A½fw½: K_v ejvi mgq Avcwb hw` Bw½Z Ki‡Z e¨_© nb Z‡e Avcbv‡K
weiw³Ki Ges K‡Vvi e‡j g‡b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKwU cªvYešÍ ejvi ÷vBj †kªvZvi
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i, K‡_vcK_bwU‡K AviI AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j Ges
†evSvi myweav‡_© K‡i|
fw½gv Ges †`‡ni Awf‡hvRb: Avcwb K_v ejvi Ges ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi gva¨‡g
K¨vU AmsL¨ evZ©v¸wj †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib| Lvov n‡q `uvov‡bv Ges mvg‡bi
w`‡K SyuKv‡bv †kªvZv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i †h Avcwb †cŠuQbxq,
MªnY‡hvM¨ Ges eÜyZ¡c~Y©| hLb Avcwb Ges †kªvZv G‡K Ac‡ii
gy‡LvgywL nb ZLb AvšÍte¨w³K NwbôZvi djvdj nq| Avcbvi wcQ‡b Nywi‡q
w`‡q K_v ejv ev †g‡S ev wmwjs‡qi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv Gov‡bv DwPZ KviY
GwU wek„•Ljvi †hvMv‡hvM K‡i|

‰bKU¨: mvs¯‹…wZK wbqg¸wj A‡b¨i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Avivg`vqK

`~iZ¡ wba©viY K‡i| Ab¨ e¨w³i †¯úm AvµgY Kivi Kvi‡Y Avcbvi A¯^w¯Íi
ms‡KZ mÜvb Kiv DwPZ| Gi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU n'j: †`vjbv, cv‡q `yjv‡bv, Avj‡Zv
Pvc †`Iqv Ges `„wókw³

‡fvKvj: Avcwb hLb myi, wcP, Q›`, j¤^v, †Rv‡i †RvZv Ges cªwZ”Qwe
wnmv‡e †hgb †fvKvj Dcv`vb AšÍf©y³ K‡ib ZLb K_v ejv A †gŠwLK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi ms‡KZ w`‡Z cv‡i| me©vwaK wk¶vi Kvh©KvwiZvi Rb¨,
Avcbvi f‡q‡mi GB Qq Dcv`vb‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z wkLyb| A‡bK w¯úKv‡ii
Ab¨Zg cªavb mgv‡jvPbv n'j Zviv GK‡N‡q K‡É K_v e‡j| †kªvZviv GB ai‡Yi
w¯úKvi‡K weiw³Ki Ges wb‡¯ÍR wnmv‡e Dcjwä K‡i|

‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î evav

evZ©v¸wj eyS‡Z evav †`q Ggb †h †KvbI wKQyB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AšÍivq|

A‡bK kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK evav we`¨gvb:

1| ms¯‹…wZ, cUf~wg Ges c¶cvZ - Avgiv Avgv‡`i AZx‡Zi AwfÁZv¸wj

evZ©vi A_© cwieZ©‡bi AbygwZ w`B| Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ, cUf~wg Ges
c¶cvZ fvj n‡Z cv‡i KviY Zviv Avgv‡`i AZx‡Zi AwfÁZv¸wj bZyb wKQy
†evSvi Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z †`q, ZLbB Zviv †hvMv‡hvM evZ©vq evav †`Iqvi
evZ©vi A_© cwieZ©b K‡i|

2| †Mvjgvj - miÄvg ev cwi‡e‡ki kãwU cwi®‹vi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î evav †`q|

†cªiK Ges cªvcK DfqB G‡K Ac‡ii Kv‡Q †cªwiZ evZ©v¸wj‡Z g‡bvwb‡ek
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡Z n‡e|

3| wb‡RB - Ab¨ e¨w³i †P‡q wb‡Ri w`‡K g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv weåvwšÍ I ؇›Øi
KviY n‡Z cv‡i| "wg †Rbv‡ikb" Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î Av‡m| Gi
KviY¸wji g‡a¨ K‡qKwU n'j i¶YvZ¥KZv (Avgiv g‡b Kwi †h †KD Avgv‡`i Dci
AvµgY Ki‡Q), †kªôZ¡ (Avgiv g‡b Kwi Avgiv Ab¨wU AviI Rvwb) Ges AnsKvi
(Avgiv g‡b Kwi Avgiv wµqvKjv‡ci †K›`ª¯’j)|

4| Abyaveb - hw` Avgiv Abyfe Kwi †h e¨w³ Lye `ªæZ K_v ej‡Q, mvejxjfv‡e
bq, ¯úófv‡e e³…Zv †`q bv, BZ¨vw`, Z‡e Avgiv †mB e¨w³‡K eiLv¯Í Ki‡Z
cvwi| GQvovI Avgv‡`i c~e© aviYvhy³ g‡bvfve †kvbvi Avgv‡`i ¶gZv‡K
cªfvweZ K‡i| Avgiv D”P gh©v`vi e¨w³‡`i K_vq K_vq K_vq ïwb Ges wbgœ
¯Í‡ii †jvK‡`i eiLv¯Í Kwi|

5| evZ©v - weåvwšÍ N‡U hLb Avgiv aviYvi †P‡q mZ¨¸wj‡Z g‡bvwb‡ek Kwi|
Avgv‡`i wk¶vcªwZôvb¸wj cix¶v Ges cªkœ w`‡q GwU‡K kw³kvjx K‡i| kãwU
hLb Avcbvi cQ‡›`i †P‡q Avjv`vfv‡e e¨eüZ nq ZLb A_©‡ev‡ai weNœ N‡U|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, †Pqvicvim‡bi cwie‡Z© †Pqvig¨vb kãwU Avcbv‡K evZ©vq bq
eis kãwUi w`‡K g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|

6| cwi‡ekMZ - D¾¡j Av‡jv, GKwU AvKl©Yxq e¨w³, A¯^vfvweK `k©bxq ¯’vb

ev Ab¨ †KvbI DÏxcbv GKwU m¤¢ve¨ weåvwšÍ mieivn K‡i|

7| ¯§yw_s - Avgiv GwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Kwi †h `iKvix Z_¨ †cªi‡Yi
cªeYZv ¯^qswµq| mZ¨ bv! Avgiv cªvqkB wek¦vm Kwi †h wbw`©ó Z‡_¨i A‡b¨i
Kv‡Q †KvbI g~j¨ †bB ev Zviv BwZg‡a¨ mZ¨¸wj m¤ú‡K© AewnZ|

8| ‡÷ªm - gvbwmK Pv‡ci g‡a¨ †jv‡Kiv wRwbm¸wj GKBfv‡e †`L‡Z cvq bv|
GKwU wbw`©ó gyû‡Z© Avgiv hv †`wL I wek¦vm Kwi Zv Avgv‡`i
gb¯ÍvwË¡K †dªg¸wj †idv‡iÝ Øviv cªfvweZ nq - Avgv‡`i wek¦vm, gvb, Ávb,
AwfÁZv Ges j¶¨¸wj|

wkóvPvi

AvR‡Ki cªwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK e¨emvwqK cwi‡e‡k, mvgvwRK `¶Zv Ges h_vh_

wkóvPvi ej‡Z Avcbvi K¨vwiqv‡ii PvKwi mÜvb Ges wR‡Z hvIqv Ges Avcbvi
K¨vwiqv‡i w¯’i _vKv g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †evSv‡Z cv‡i| cª_g mv¶vZ&Kv‡ii mv`v-
Kovhy³ bvf©vm‡bR †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †KvbI ˆbwgwËK e¨emvq ga¨výf½ ch©šÍ
Avcwb †h †KvbI mvgvwRK †mwUs‡q wb‡R‡K a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb Zv Rvbvi
AvZ¥wek¦vm, †jv‡Kiv Avcbv‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z Ges wePvi Kivi c×wZ cwieZ©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| h_vh_ e¨emv‡qi wkóvPv‡ii g~j welq n'j: "A‡b¨i cªwZ †hgb Zviv
KiæK Zviv Avcbv‡K Zv‡`i mv‡_ KiæK Do"
e¨emvwqK RM‡Z mdj n‡Z GKRb e¨w³‡K Aek¨B h_vh_ †gŠwLK wkóvPvi
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †gŠwLK wkóvPv‡ii GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n'j GKwU
h_vh_ f~wgKv| cªwZw`b Avgiv wewfbœ e¨emvq Ges mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
†jvKR‡bi gy‡LvgywL nB| Avgiv Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hfv‡e mv¶vZ I ¯^vMZ RvbvB
Zv ¯’vqx Qvc ˆZwi K‡i Ges DZ&cv`bkxj GbKvD›Uv‡ii c_ ˆZwi K‡i| cªK‡íi
Z_¨| bvg, Dcvwa Ges Awafy³Ki‡Yi my¯úó Dcv`vb¸wj QvovI GKwU f~wgKv
m¤§v‡bi GKwU ¯Íi cªKvk K‡i Ges cªwZ¯’vcbKvix e¨w³ Kxfv‡e Ab¨ e¨w³i
Ae¯’v‡bi cªwZ `„wócvZ K‡i Zv cªwZwew¤^Z K‡i| f~wgKvwUi wkí‡K `¶ K‡i
†Zvjv Avcbv‡K Ges Avcbvi ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ hv‡`i cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡”Qb Zv‡Z
Avcbv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e| eywbqvw` †kLv - Ges †m¸wj Lye KwVb bq - GwU
cª_g c`‡¶c|

cwiPq Kiv‡bvi mgq g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ g~j welq¸wj:

cwiwPwZ¸wji m¤ú‡K© me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n'j me©`v †m¸wj Kiv,

Avcwb bvg¸wj ¯§iY Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI| GwU Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q weeªZKiZv Ges
A¯^w¯Í m„wó K‡i| hw` †KvbI cQ›` †`Iqv nq, Z‡e †ewkifvM †jv‡Kiv
Avcbv‡K cwiPq fyj bv K‡i cQ›` Ki‡Z PvB‡e, GgbwK hw` Avcwb Zv‡`i bvg
fy‡j wM‡q _v‡Kb, Z‡e †mLv‡b A¯^xK„Z Ges AeÁv bv K‡iB `uvovb|

‡h †KvbI cwiwPwZi wØZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n'j bvg¸wji µg| †h e¨w³i mv‡_
cwiPq n‡”Q Zvi bvg me©‡kl D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges hvi mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bv
n‡q‡Q Zvi cª_‡g D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU e¨emvwqK †mwUs‡q,
cwiwPwZ¸wj kw³ Ges †kªwYweb¨v‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i| mnRZi, Kg KZ©…c‡¶i
e¨w³iv e„nËi KZ©…c‡¶i e¨w³i mv‡_ cwiPq nq| wj½ e¨emv‡qi wkóvPv‡ii
†Kvb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i bv; ev GwU cªeZ©‡bi µg‡K cªfvweZ K‡i bv|

‡gŠwLK wkóvPv‡ii Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n'j †jv‡Kiv e¨emv‡qi †¶‡Î

Ab¨‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i| GKevi cwiPq nIqvi c‡i, DaŸ©Zb, mnKg©x, MªvnK Ges
K¬v‡q›U‡`i, ev fwel¨‡Zi mfvq Aa¯ÍbKvix‡`i fyjfv‡e m‡¤^vab Kiv D‡ËRbv
ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GKwU †bwZevPK Qvc ˆZwi Ki‡e| mvaviYZ, Aa¯Íb‡`i
Ges Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ m‡¤^vab Kiv Dchy³, hv‡`i mv‡_ Zv‡`i cª_g bvg w`‡q GKwU
AbvbyôvwbK m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvbyôvwbK m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î, ev
m¤ú‡K©i w¯’wZwU ARvbv _vK‡j Dchy³ wj½-wbw`©ó wk‡ivbvg e¨envi K‡i
¯^Zš¿ e¨w³‡K D‡jøL Kiv cª‡qvRb| hLb wj½-wbw`©ó wk‡ivbvg¸wj cª‡qvRb
nq, ZLb cyiæl‡`i m‡¤^vab Kivi Rb¨ wg÷vi (wgt), weevwnZ gwnjv‡`i
m‡¤^va‡bi Rb¨ wg‡mm (wg‡mm) Ges wgm (wg‡mm) hviv AweevwnZ ev
ˆeevwnK Ae¯’v ARvbv Zv‡`i m‡¤^vab Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiæb| e¨emv‡qi
†mwUs‡m Ab¨‡K m‡¤^va‡bi Rb¨ AviI wbw`©ó wewa wbgœwjwLZ:
DaŸ©Zbiv: me©`v DaŸ©Zb‡`i h_vh_ wj½-wbw`©ó Dcvwa‡Z m‡¤^vab
Kiæb, hw` bv wZwb Ab¨_vq Kivi AbygwZ bv †`b|

mnKg©x: cª_gZ mnKg©x‡`i m‡¤^vab Kivi Rb¨ GwU mvaviYZ MªnY‡hvM¨

c×wZ| m¤úK© AvbyôvwbK ev AcwiwPZ n‡j e¨wZµg¸wj †`Lv †`q|

Aaxb¯’: D”PZi Aaxb¯’‡`i mv‡_ hw` †KvbI AbvbyôvwbK m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i
_v‡K Z‡e cª_g bvg e¨envi Kiv Dchy³| m¤úK©wU hw` AvbyôvwbK ev
AcwiwPZ nq Z‡e Dchy³ wj½-wbw`©ó wk‡ivbvg cª‡qvRb|

K¬v‡q›U Ges MªvnKiv: K¬v‡q›U ev MªvnK‡`i mv‡_ me©vwaK m¤úK©¸wj

cª_vMZ, Dchy³ wj½-wbw`©ó †LZve hy³ K‡i| KLbI KLbI, hw`I, GKwU
†mœngq m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cª_g bvg e¨env‡ii AbygwZ †`q|

e¨emv‡qi wkóvPv‡ii Z„Zxq w`KwU n'j †Uwj‡dv‡bi h_vh_ c×wZ| †h‡nZy

AvR‡Ki e¨emv‡qi †ewkifvM Ask †dv‡b m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q, ZvB mwVK
†Uwj‡dv‡bi wkóvPvi e¨envi Av‡Mi †P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †Uwj‡dv‡b
K‡_vcK_‡bi mgq Ges Zvi c‡i ¯’vqx Bg‡cªkb ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i Ges e¨emvqx‡`i
mdj n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B GKwU BwZevPK aviYv eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e| GwU wb‡`©k
†`q †h †jv‡Kiv h_vh_ †Uwj‡dv‡bi wkóvPvi e¨envi K‡i|

‡Uwj‡dv‡bi wkóvPv‡ii Rb¨ mvZwU Avjv`v w`K we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

1. mvaviY †Uwj‡dvb wkóvPvi

†dv‡bi DËi †`Iqvi mgq wb‡Ri cª_g Ges †kl bvgwU w`‡q wb‡R‡K mbv³
Kiæb|

24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ †dvb Kj¸wj wiUvb© Kiæb Ges KjwU †`wi‡Z n‡j ¶gv cªv_©bv
Kiæb|

Avcwb †KvbI Kj Kivi mgq wb‡R‡K mbv³ Kiæb| Avcbvi bvg, ms¯’v, e¨emv
ev wefvM Avcwb cªwZwbwaZ¡ Kiæb ejyb| Zvic‡i Avcbvi KjwUi cªK„wZwU
eY©bv Kiæb| hw` Avcwb wb‡R‡K mbv³ bv K‡ib Z‡e Avcbv‡K wRÁvmv Kiv
n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiæb Ges Aciva Ki‡eb bv

2. B›UvidvBm †dvb wkóvPvi

†KvbI mnKg©xi Kvh©vj‡qi evB‡i ev Zvi Kv‡Q †dvb Kj †kl Kivi A‡c¶vq
wKDwe‡K‡ji evB‡i Nyi‡eb bv|
 †Q‡o w`b Ges c‡i Avevi †Póv Kiæb|

mnKg©x‡`i †dv‡b K‡_vcK_b ïb‡eb bv| hw` Avcwb KviI mv‡_ Awd‡mi
RvqMv¸wj fvM K‡i †bb, Z‡e GwU Awbevh© n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e e¨w³ K_v ejvi mgq
e¨¯Í _vKvi †Póv Kiæb - Ges Avcwb hv ï‡b‡Qb Zv wb‡q KLbI gšÍe¨ Ki‡eb bv!

3. f‡qm †gj

ewnM©vgx evZ©v¸wj‡Z Avcbvi bvg Ges ms¯’vi bvg AšÍf©y³ Kiv DwPZ|
cª‡hvR¨ n‡j, Ab¨ KviI Kv‡Q evZ©vwU iæU Ki‡Z bv †`Iqvi Rb¨ Avcwb †h
KvRwU cwiPvjbv K‡ib Zv D‡jøL Kiæb|

Riæix Ae¯’vq GKRb RxweZ e¨w³i Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e †cŠuQv‡bv hvq

KjKvixwU‡K Zv Rvb‡Z w`b|

Avcbvi ewnM©vgx evZ©v eZ©gvb ivLyb| Avcwb hw` Awd‡mi evB‡i P‡j
hv‡”Qb, Avcbvi evZ©vq GwU ejv DwPZ| Avcwb P‡j hvIqvi c‡i, Avcwb wd‡i
Avmvi ZvwiLwU Rvwb‡q w`b Ges Avcwb evZ©v¸wji Rb¨ WvK‡eb wK bv,
ev Avcbvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Kvi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡eb|

4. Kj-A‡c¶vi

hw` Avcwb †KvbI Riæwi KjwUi cªZ¨vkv bv K‡ib Ges GwU bv e‡jb, Avcwb
Ab¨ Kj Kivi mgq Avcwb hvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Qb Zv‡K µgvMZ AvUKv †`Iqv
AevšÍi| ejyb, "Avgvi Avi GKwU Kj G‡m‡Q, Avcwb wK gvÎ GK †m‡KÛ a‡i
ivL‡Z cvi‡eb?" Ab¨ KjwU aiæb, Avcwb Ab¨ jvB‡b Av‡Qb Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb
Ges kxNªB Avevi Kj Ki‡eb| Zvic‡i `ªæZ Avcbvi cª_g Kjv‡i wd‡i Avmyb|

5. w¯úKvi‡dvb

wØ-e¨w³ K‡_vcK_‡b †ek K‡qKwU †jv‡Ki hLb Ask †bIqv `iKvi ZLb GKwU
w¯úKvi‡dvb GKwU `y`©všÍ myweav, hw`I GwU cªvqkB Zvi f‡qm
m¤úªPvwiZ e¨w³‡K wei³ K‡i ev AvcwË Rvbvq| GwU‡K Aí cwigv‡Y e¨envi
Kiæb Ges Ab¨ cªv‡šÍi e¨w³‡K me©`v ejyb †h GKwU w¯úKvi‡dvb e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
GwU GKwU K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ e¨envi Gov‡Z †Póv Kiæb|

6. †mjyjvi †dvb

Ab¨‡K wei³ bv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K GKwU miKvix AÂj †_‡K N‡ii kvšÍ
†Kv‡Y mwi‡q †`Iqvi †Póv Kiæb|

hw` Avcbvi Aek¨B Kj Kiv ev Kj Kiv _v‡K Z‡e GwU‡K msw¶ß Ges h_vm¤
¢e wew”Qbœ ivLyb|
7. KvD‡K a‡i ivLv

wbwðZ n‡q wbb †h GwU †KvbI fvj Kvi‡Yi Rb¨, †hgb e¨w³i dvBjwU Uvb‡Z
ev Ab¨ jvB‡bi DËi †`Iqv|

†mB e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv Kiæb †m wK †m ivL‡e, Ges DËiwU n¨vu Abygv‡bi

cwie‡Z© cªwZwµqvwUi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kiæb|

KjKvix‡K GK wgwb‡UiI †ewk mgq a‡i ivL‡eb bv| hw` Avcbv‡K Gi †P‡q
†ewk mgq wb‡Z nq, Z‡e †mB e¨w³i Kv‡Q wd‡i hvb Ges Zv‡`i Rvbvb †h
Avcbv‡K cigvwZ¥Kfv‡e K‡qK wgwbU †ewk mgq wb‡Z n‡e, Ges wRÁvmv
Kiæb †h †m Avcbv‡K Zvi wcQ‡b Kj Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i bv|

Avcwb hLb Kjv‡i wd‡i hvb, Zv‡`i a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ ab¨ev` w`b|