Eletromagnetismo: Aula de 2 de Junho Métodos Especiais

Eletromagnetismo
∇⃗ ⋅ D ⃗ =
ρ
ϵ0 Aula de 2 de junho
⃗ ⃗ ∂B ⃗
∇× E =−
∂t Métodos especiais
∇⃗ ⋅ B ⃗ = 0
⃗
∇ ⃗ × H ⃗ = j ⃗ + ϵ0
∂ D
∂t

Coordenadas esféricas
z
d~` = dr r̂ + r d✓ ✓ˆ + r sin ✓ d ˆ
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r̂
ˆ
✓ˆ
r
✓
r cos ✓
@t 1 @t ˆ 1 @t ˆ
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~
rt = r̂ + ✓+
@r r @✓ r sin ✓ @ y
s ⌘ r sin ✓
x
2
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~ · ~v = 1 @(r v r ) 1 @(sin ✓v ✓ ) 1 @v
r 2
+ +
r @r r sin ✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @
h@ ⇣ ⌘ @v i
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1
~ ⇥ ~v =
r sin ✓v ✓
r̂
r sin ✓ @✓ @
h
1 1 @vr @ ⇣ ⌘i 1 h @ ⇣ ⌘ @vr ˆ
+ rv ✓ˆ + r v✓ ]
r sin ✓ @ @r r @r @✓
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
@2t
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2 1 @ 2 @t 1 @ @t 1
r t= 2 r + 2 sin ✓ + 2 2
r @r @r r sin ✓ @✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @ 2
Coordenadas cilíndricas
d~` = ds ŝ + s d ˆ + dz ẑ
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z
ẑ
@T 1 @T ˆ @T
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ˆ
~
rT = ŝ + + ẑ
@s s@ @z ŝ
z
s
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~ 1 @(sv s ) 1 @v @v z x y
r · ~v = + +
s @s s @ @z
! !
⇣ @v @vz ⌘ ˆ 1
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~ ⇥ ~v = 1 @vz @v s @(sv ) @vs

r ŝ + + ẑ
s @ @z @z @s s @s @
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!
2 1 @ @T 1 @2T @2T
r T = s + 2 2
+
s @s @s s @ @z 2
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Equação de Laplace
r2 V = 0 Separação de variáveis
Duas dimensões, por exemplo y V =0
a
@2V @2V
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V (y)
2
+ 2
=0
@x @y 0 x
V =0
a
@2V @2V
V (y)
2
+ 2
=0
@x @y 0 x
V =0
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V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)
a
@2V @2V
V (y)
2
+ 2
=0
@x @y 0 x
V =0
V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)
d2 X d2 Y
<latexit sha1_base64="0d1ftTBseTjJOIDMXblPvN15A9I=">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</latexit>
Y 2
+X 2 =0
dx dy

a
@2V @2V
V (y)
2
+ 2
=0
@x @y 0 x
V =0
V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)
{
d2 X d2 Y
<latexit sha1_base64="0d1ftTBseTjJOIDMXblPvN15A9I=">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</latexit>
Y 2
+X 2 =0 <latexit sha1_base64="Kyz/ovj2EuZWYa535IIJggjTork=">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</latexit>
1 d2 X
dx dy = k 2
X dx2
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
<latexit sha1_base64="9+hk6E22aGzbofUSt6KDe3HZzro=">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</latexit>
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy
1 d2 Y
<latexit sha1_base64="WRxg85VIoBopdaCLe0NzaUgMI5s=">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</latexit>
2
= k2
Y dy

{
1 d2 X
<latexit sha1_base64="Kyz/ovj2EuZWYa535IIJggjTork=">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</latexit>
2
= k
X dx2 y V =0
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
a
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy V (y)
1 d2 Y
2 0 x
2
= k
Y dy V =0
{
1 d2 X
2
= k
X dx2 y V =0
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
a
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy V (y)
1 d2 Y
2 0 x
2
= k
Y dy V =0
d2 Y
⇒
<latexit sha1_base64="MELW+dExzHEB4JqRdRdRvPINSxM=">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</latexit>
2
<latexit sha1_base64="Z+90Xm94tZIY+ib3seyhJ9I2Gss=">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</latexit>
2
+ k Y =0 Y (y) = C sin(ky) + D cos(ky)
dy

{
1 d2 X
2
= k
X dx2 y V =0
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
a
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy V (y)
1 d2 Y
2 0 x
2
= k
Y dy V =0
d2 Y
⇒
2
2
dy
d2 X
⇒
<latexit sha1_base64="hLgbkM6Ry1PeKR2ITXmdrsgyZh8=">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</latexit>
2
<latexit sha1_base64="VOuQjMNfNc2jbxEjtz99CPHkFqI=">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</latexit>
k X=0 X(x) = A exp(kx) + B exp( kx)

dx2

{
1 d2 X
2
= k
X dx2 y V =0
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
a
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy V (y)
1 d2 Y
2 0 x
2
= k
Y dy V =0
d2 Y
⇒
2
2
dy
D=0
<latexit sha1_base64="TK37s7swh3ZFdoX8Kv0+LcqjIWo=">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</latexit>
⇒
<latexit sha1_base64="u44Z6LMa8ojns4UDjeF2Hq6xnDY=">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</latexit>
⇣ n⇡y ⌘
ka = n⇡ Y (y) = C sin
<latexit sha1_base64="imI++CKlr6MxEZAenZhUvCLcvuQ=">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</latexit>
{
1 d2 X
2
= k
X dx2 y V =0
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
a
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy V (y)
1 d2 Y
2 0 x
2
= k
Y dy V =0
d2 X
⇒
2

dx2
A=0
<latexit sha1_base64="hrwiMQZimKYFunAU9LknvxrlBWQ=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="Tzs0OTRkimowY6zMzN+D05r/u/M=">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</latexit>
⇣ n⇡x ⌘
Xn (x) = B exp
a

{
1 d2 X
2
= k
X dx2 y V =0
1 d2 X 1 d2 Y
a
2
+ 2
=0
X dx Y dy V (y)
1 d2 Y
2 0 x
2
= k
Y dy V =0
d2 X
⇒
2

dx2
A=0
<latexit sha1_base64="hrwiMQZimKYFunAU9LknvxrlBWQ=">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</latexit>
⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
⇒
<latexit sha1_base64="Tzs0OTRkimowY6zMzN+D05r/u/M=">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</latexit>
⇣ n⇡x ⌘
<latexit sha1_base64="fBRN1gDuniQj4JdPTjR58SOSRb8=">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</latexit>
Xn (x) = B exp V (x, y) = Vn exp sin

a a a

⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
V (x, y) = Vn exp sin a
a a
V (y)
0 x
V =0
<latexit sha1_base64="iia89F1WTbdCKGD9QJj9xV4cnMI=">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</latexit>
1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
V (x, y) = Vn exp sin
n=1
a a
⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
a a
V (y)
0 x
V =0
1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
n=1
a a
<latexit sha1_base64="pgaGTU6OahFXSecPWk6xljPSspU=">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</latexit>
1
X ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
V (0, y) = Vn sin
n=1
a

⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
a a
V (y)
0 x
V =0
1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
n=1
a a
1
X ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
V (0, y) = Vn sin
n=1
a
Z
<latexit sha1_base64="ioD0ffYfoYgAJW0NOJ9ioUmrdEc=">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</latexit>
a ⇣ m⇡y ⌘ 1
X Z a ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ ⇣ m⇡y ⌘
V (0, y) sin dy = Vn sin sin dy
0 a n=1 0 a a

⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
a a
V (y)
0 x
V =0
1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘
V (x, y) = Vn exp sin <latexit sha1_base64="2WfR+U8kn+BSBLtxhzNV8uLbauA=">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</latexit>
a a
n=1
2 Ra ⇣ m⇡y ⌘
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy
1
X ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ a a
V (0, y) = Vn sin
n=1
a
Z
<latexit sha1_base64="ioD0ffYfoYgAJW0NOJ9ioUmrdEc=">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</latexit>
a ⇣ m⇡y ⌘ 1
X Z a ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ ⇣ m⇡y ⌘
V (0, y) sin dy = Vn sin sin dy
0 a n=1 0 a a

1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
n=1
a a
V (y)
0 x
V =0
<latexit sha1_base64="2WfR+U8kn+BSBLtxhzNV8uLbauA=">AAAG3Xic5VRNb9s2GJa71eu8r3TbbdjALg2QAK4gKXbiYlNRrJcdO6xJC1iuQVG0TUQiCZKK7RI6Dthh2HW/bX9iv2EvKReJugQ77Djahun3efi8Hw+tXJZMmyj6s3fnvffv9j+49+Hgo48/+fSzvfufn2tRK0LPiCiFepVjTUvG6ZlhpqSvpKK4ykv6Mr945vCXl1RpJvgLs5V0VuElZwtGsIHQfO/XzJBcbKaglGNykf7MxToewq9aSqrSZyusjKK1piMXXChc0fSFqLARxzP78HxepSgrIExs0ljcZIybuY2a1/j8MBpujzLNePYDWx7uSFUmGdp6JkSPsmFWFHbbPGzQfG8/CuMkniQJisLRZDQaT2ATRxAZoziM/NoPduv5/P7dNCsEqSvKDSmx1tM4kmZmoWBGStoMMqhaQk94SaebOOZQup7ZjZ9Zgw4ALdBCKPhwg3z0+hGLK623VQ5M6Hal38Vc8CZsWpvFZGYZl7WhnLSJFnWJjEDOAFQwRYkpt7DBRDEoFhGYMiYGbOpkMeziTacNq1nNmdl0e8NKiXVBy5mVq61mRLewO12yXGG1tb7YziEplKmXbiA5zmnZTSOXC1kK44TebkHPElFJbFJO11SbrlwlNIze+CnCderKLRWWK0Y2/6zLl66HmghJXTaQhiQV5oXNqFKNPRhkimr2hoKofdDYOEzGdOPiCFaW0yXjfk6SEVMr2kyfpErUvEAEy5kneSIpmUSHURg9ptXwEXyDyhFyRmC+LKmDTmKAonASA/Ld1clC4TWaur8XWrPCrNIwBsYQff/oyRD5VHCNiFAc3Evhvh7TzczJtWpODIUhELhRotQOSUYeGu0giByP29Q3kR976DQZX9GTln5yA/30SgiG6DuetB1fSzduz3vJttOMwsSvj/Fg4N6DriP5LZYc/ydHJuO2wPhWR07H/2ZJ8r9xpGPIyhuSrbCx2QP/coF3SJct6ZKSLgkeuG+fquj2zXkSxidh8lOy/3Sye/TeC74Kvg0Ogzg4DZ4GPwbPg7OABH/1vux93fumP+//0v+t/3tLvdPbnfki6Kz+H38DHFssbw==</latexit>
2 Ra ⇣ m⇡y ⌘
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy

a a
1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
n=1
a a
V (y)
0
⇣ m⇡y ⌘ x
2 Ra V =0
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy
a a
V
2
2 1
<latexit sha1_base64="IRMrTURBkxtxJw/gbC100u0gqjs=">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</latexit>
Vm = (m ı́mpar) ( 1
a (m⇡)2
0 y
0 0.5 1.0

1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
n=1
a a
V (y)
0
⇣ m⇡y ⌘ x
2 Ra V =0
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy
a a
m=1
1.5
1
V /V0
0.5
0 0.5
1
2 0 y/a
x/a

1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
n=1
a a
V (y)
0
⇣ m⇡y ⌘ x
2 Ra V =0
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy
a a
m = 1,3
1.5
1
V
0.5
0 0.5
1
2 0
y
x

1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
n=1
a a
V (y)
0
⇣ m⇡y ⌘ x
2 Ra V =0
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy
a a
m = 1,…,7
2
1.5
1
V
0.5
0 0.5
1
2 0
y
x

1
X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘ ⇣ n⇡y ⌘ y V =0
n=1
a a
V (y)
0
⇣ m⇡y ⌘ x
2 Ra V =0
Vm = 0
V (0, y) sin dy
a a
m = 1,…,21
2
1.5
1
V
0.5
0 0.5
1
2 0
y
x

Em resumo y V =0
a
1. V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)

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V (y)
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( 0 x
Xn (x) 2
V =0
2. r V = 0 )
Yn (y)
<latexit sha1_base64="nYUAHKMD8vnsVd3Kr7VMG/XZVFg=">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</latexit>
X
3. V (x, y) = Vn Xn (x)Yn (y)
n
4. Cond. contorno ) Vn
<latexit sha1_base64="5AMWXX5mqhe0Tk+riYO9moGPCcY=">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</latexit>

~a
r2 V = 0
ŷ
x
Em resumo
1. V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y) 1. Usar vetores

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<latexit sha1_base64="l3Jl1liV2zti6QQNBi/+PssOqZM=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="VdHwhVcuTLT46wlIgnEhwUOWMiE=">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</latexit>
(
Xn (x) 2
2. r V = 0 ) 2. Base: {x̂, ŷ}
<latexit sha1_base64="JLfwLLCvsh1SPXDAdGUTCP5Q2TU=">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</latexit>
Yn (y)
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X
3. V (x, y) = 3. ~a = ↵x̂ + ŷ
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Vn Xn (x)Yn (y)
n
Z (
h i
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a ↵ = ~a · x̂
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2
4. Cond. contorno ) Vn Vn = V (0, y) Yn (y) dy 4.
a 0 = ~a · ŷ
y V =0
a
V (y)
0 x
V =0
r2 V = 0
Separação de variáveis
Simetria esférica
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V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
r2 V = 0
Simetria esférica
V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
r2 V = 0
Simetria esférica
V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
@2t
1 @ 2 @t 2 1 @ @t 1
r t= 2 r + 2 sin ✓ + 2 2
r @r @r r sin ✓ @✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @ 2
r2 V = 0
Simetria esférica
V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
@2t
1 @ 2 @t 2 1 @ @t 1
r t= 2 r + 2 sin ✓ + 2 2
r @r @r r sin ✓ @✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @ 2
1 d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘ 1 d⇣ d⇥ ⌘
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⇥(✓) 2 r + R(r) 2 sin ✓ =0

r dr dr r sin ✓ d✓ d✓

r2 V = 0
Simetria esférica
V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
@2t
1 @ 2 @t 2 1 @ @t 1
r t= 2 r + 2 sin ✓ + 2 2
r @r @r r sin ✓ @✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @ 2
1 d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘ 1 d⇣ d⇥ ⌘
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⇥(✓) 2 r + R(r) 2 sin ✓ =0

r dr dr r sin ✓ d✓ d✓
1 d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘ 1 1 d ⇣ d⇥ ⌘
<latexit sha1_base64="riuMkjb2EX4pizYChRfXoxfahRM=">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</latexit>
r + sin ✓ =0
R dr dr ⇥ sin ✓ d✓ d✓

r2 V = 0
Simetria esférica
V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
1 d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘ 1 1 d ⇣ d⇥ ⌘
r + sin ✓ =0
d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘
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r = `(` + 1)R
dr dr

r2 V = 0
Simetria esférica
V (r, ✓, ) = R(r)⇥(✓)
1 d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘ 1 1 d ⇣ d⇥ ⌘
r + sin ✓ =0
d ⇣ 2 dR ⌘
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r = `(` + 1)R
dr dr
B
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`
R(r) = Ar +
r`+1

Eletromagnetismo: Aula de 2 de Junho Métodos Especiais

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Eletromagnetismo

~ ⇥ ~v = 1 @vz @v s @(sv ) @vs

V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)

V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)

V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)

k X=0 X(x) = A exp(kx) + B exp( kx)

k X=0 X(x) = A exp(kx) + B exp( kx)

k X=0 X(x) = A exp(kx) + B exp( kx)

Xn (x) = B exp V (x, y) = Vn exp sin

1. V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)

1. V (x, y) = X(x)Y (y) 1. Usar vetores

⇥(✓) 2 r + R(r) 2 sin ✓ =0

⇥(✓) 2 r + R(r) 2 sin ✓ =0

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