Microbiology Final Exam

Instruction: Highlight your answers

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

1. The enzyme that accomplishes the unwinding of the original double stranded DNA molecule,
once supercoiling has been eliminated, by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two
strands together is :

a. Primase

b. Helicase

c. Topoisomerase

d. DNA Polymerase II

2. The enzyme that creates a short RNA oligonucleotide at initiation sites where replication is to
be carried out is called :

a. Primase

b. DNA Ligase

c. DNA Gyrase

d. Exonuclease

3. The enzyme responsible for initiating the unwinding of double-stranded DNA (eliminating
supercoiling) by nicking a single strand of the DNA molecule is :

a. Helicase

b. Ligase

c. Topoisomerase

d. Gyrase

4. What does transformation involve in Bacteria ?

a. assimilation of external DNA into a cell

b. the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule

 c. the creation of a strand of RNA from DNA

d. the creation of a strand of DNA from RNA

5. May be either DNA or RNA but not both?

a. the capsid

b. the genome

c. the envelope

d. the capsomere

Virus, Viroids and Prions

6. Which one of the following EXCLUSIVELY DESCRIBES ALL VIRUSES?

a. Either single-stranded or double-stranded DNA surrounded at least by protein.

b. Free, double-stranded RNA of low molecular weight that contains about 350
nucleotides.

c. Either DNA or RNA inside a protein coat with a tail attached.

d. An empty protein coat (capsid) having either spherical, helical, binal, or

complex symmetry.

c. Obligate intercellular parasites.

7. The presence or absence of an envelope is not useful in classifying viruses because any given
virus may at one time have an envelope and at another time not have an envelop

a. True

b. False

8. An antiviral protein that is produced by virus-infected cells and works by binding to other
cells and preventing viral replication in those cells is called _________.

a. interferon

b. antibiotic

c. antigen

d. operon
 e. antiviron

9. The genetic material in virus is

a. DNA and RNA

b. RNA only

c. DNA only

d. DNA or RNA

1O. Protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called

a. Vector

b. Capsid

c. Plasmid

d. Genome

11. The Phages that show lysogenic cycle are called

a. Lytic phages

b. Virulent phages

c. Temperate phages

d. None of these

12. Which one of the following enzymes is present in the bacteriophage?

a. Succinic dehydrogenase

b. Lysozyme

c. Protease

d. Urease

13. Which one of the following viruses contains both DNA and RNA?

a. Cyanophage

b. Herpes Virus

c. Leuko Virus
 d. Polio Virus

14. Bacteriophages kill

a. Fungi

b. Parasites

c. Bacteria

d. Viruses

15. Virus multiplies in

a. living tissue

b. dead tissue

c. soil

d. culture medium

16. In AIDS, HIV kills

a. Bone-Marrow cells

b. T-Helper cell

c. Antibody molecule

d. T-Cytotoxic cell

17. The non-living characteristic of viruses is

a. ability to undergo mutation

b. ability to cause diseases in the host

c. ability to multiply only inside the host

d. ability to be crystallized

18. Which one of the following statements about viruses is correct?

a. Viruses are obligate parasites

b. All viruses contain both RNA and DNA

c. Viruses possess their own metabolic system

 d. Nucleic acid of viruses is known as Capsid

19. Viroids have

a. DS-DNA enclosed by protein coat

b. SS-DNA not enclosed by protein coat

c. SS-RNA not enclosed by protein coat

d. DS-RNA enclosed by protein coat

Bacterial Infection of the Digestive Tract

2O. What is the main type of micro-organism responsible for food poisoning?

a. Bacteria

b. Mould

c. Virus

d. Parasite

21. Food should be cooked to which temperature?

a. 5°C

b. 75°C

c. 100°C

d. 60°C

22. Which of the following can cause food to be contaminated because of physical hazards from
food handlers?

a. Jewellery

b. Dust

c. Rodent droppings

d. Incorrectly diluted chemicals

23. Which of the following can cause food to be contaminated because of chemical hazards from
food handlers?

a. Hair
 b. Dust

c. Live insects

d. Perfume

24. Cross-contamination of food occurs when:

a. Cleaning and sanitizing equipment and benches

b. Keeping food stored in food-grade containers

c. Washing hands before handling food

d. Using food handling gloves for handling money

Bacterial Meningitis
25. Classic symptoms of meningitis usually include...

a. Fever, headache, stiff neck

b. Backache, hallucinations, indigestion

c. Rash, inner ear pain, itching

d. Dry skin, dehydration, cold sores

26. Which of the following people is most likely to develop bacterial meningitis?

a. An obese woman

b. A newborn baby

c. A college student

d. Any of the above

27. Which procedure is most likely used to test for meningitis?

a. Throat culture

b. Spinal tap

c. Tuberculosis skin test

d. None of the above

28. Which medicines can fight viral meningitis?

 a. Antibiotic medicines

b. Anti-inflammatory medicines

c. Hydrating fluids

d. None of the above

29. Meningitis is an infection of?

a. the peripheral nervous system

b. the spinal cord and brain

c. the covering of the spinal cord and brain

d. the blood-brain barrier

Skin Infections
29. A massive lesion caused by the spread of Staphylococcus aureus infection (often on the neck
and upper back) is called:

a. Boil

b. Abscess

c. Furuncle

d.Carbuncle

e. Pustule

3O. Burn patients often develop nosocomial infection caused by:

a. Staphylococcus epidermis

b. Corynebacterium spp.

c. Staphylococcus aureus

d. Candida albicans

e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

31. Bacterial conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye conjunctiva) can be caused by:

a. Staphylococcus aureus
 b. Streptococcus pneumoniae

c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

e. All of the above bacteria can cause conjunctivitis

32. Gas gangrene is most likely associated with infection with:

a. Staphylococcus aureus

b. Clostridium perfringenes

c. Streptococcus pneumoniae

d. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

33. The outermost layer of the skin is called the ?

a. corium

b. dermis

c. adipose

d. epidermis

34. Involves heat, redness, swelling, and pain?

a. inflammation

b. cell-mediated response

c. humoral response

d. complement cascade

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infection

36. Choose the most common organism which causes lobar pneumonia in children:

a. Staphilococcus aureus

b. Haemophilus influenza

c. Klebsiella pneumoniae
 d. Streptococcus hemolyticus

e. Streptococcus pneumoniae

37. Choose the basic diagnosis method used for children with community-acquired pneumonia:

a. Lung scintigraphy

b. Spirometry

c. Bronchoscopy

d. Chest X-Ray

e. Bronchography

38. Choose the basic diagnosis method used to establish the etiology of community-acquired
pneumonia in children:

a. Sputum microscopy

b. Qualitative bacteriological examination of sputum

c. Quantitative bacteriological examination of sputum

d. Immunofluorescence Assay of sputum

e. Cellular immunology examinations

39. Choose the mode of infection in community-acquired pneumonia in children:

a. Aerogenous spread of infection

b. Lymphogenous spread of infection

c. Ascendent spread of infection

d. Spread of infection from pleura to the lung

e. Spread of infection from mediastinum to the lung

4O. Choose the first line antibiotic used for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in
children:

a. Amikacine

b. Co-trimoxazole

c. Amoxicillin
 d. Doxycycline

e. Tetracycline

41. Choose the etiology of atypical pneumonia:

a. Haemophilus influenzae

b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

d. Streptococcus pneumoniae

e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

42. Enumerate characteristic signs for community-acquired pneumonia in early childhood:

a. Shortness of breath (dyspnoea)

b. Nasal flaring

c. Fine localized rales

d. Lung emphysema

e. Chest retractions

43. Enumerate the most frequent etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia in

children:

a. Streptococcus pneumoniae

b. Haemophilus influenzae

c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

d. The Enterobacteriaceae family

e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mucormycosis disease
44. What is black fungus or mucormycosis disease in corona patients after recovering from
corona?

a. Black fungus is a famous Hollywood movie.

b. Black Fungus is a Scientist which done a great research on fungus

 c. Black Fungus is a famous and deadly WWF Fighter

d. Mucormycosis or black fungus is a complication caused by a fungal

infection. People catch mucormycosis by coming in contact with the fungal
spores in the environment. It can also develop on the skin after the fungus
enters the skin through a cut, scrape, burn, or other types of skin trauma.

45. Who are the susceptible persons which can be easily attacked by black fungus *

a. Person Having Uncontrolled diabetes

b. Person Having Weakening of immune system due to use of steroids

c. Person Having Prolonged ICU/hospital stay

d. Person suffering from Co-morbidities / post organ transplant / cancer

e. Person under treatment of Voriconazole therapy (used to treat serious fungal

infections)

f. All above options are correct

46. How can Black Fungus / Mucormycosis be controlled ? *

a. Use masks if you are visiting dusty construction sites

b. Wear shoes, long trousers, long sleeve shirts and gloves while handling soil
(gardening), moss or manure

c. Maintain personal hygiene, including thorough scrub bath

d. The disease can be managed by controlling diabetes, discontinuing

immunomodulating drugs, reducing steroids and extensive surgical
debridement- to remove all necrotic materials, according to the advisory.

e. All Above option are correct

47. Which is incorrect about Black Fungus?

a. Awareness & early diagnosis can help curb the spread of the fungal infection.

b. Avoid humid environment and keep ventilated your house

c. Do not miss warning signs and symptoms

d. Start self-medication immediately in spite of consult your Doctor

48. What should we not do about Black Fungus

 a. Do not rush to Doctor immediately if find signs and symptoms of black fungus.

b. Do not consider all the cases with blocked nose as cases of bacterial sinusitis,
particularly in the context of immunosuppression and/or COVID-19 patients on
immunomodulators

c. Do not hesitate to seek aggressive investigations, as appropriate (KOH staining

& microscopy, culture, MALDITOF), for detecting fungal etiology

d. Do not lose crucial time to initiate treatment for mucormycosis

49. Which should we not do about Black fungus ?

a. Control hyperglycemia

b. Monitor blood glucose level post-COVID-19 discharge and also in diabetics

c. Use steroid judiciously

d. Use antifungal injections as precaution

e. Use clean, sterile water for humidifiers during oxygen therapy

f. Use antibiotics/antifungals judiciously

Urinary Tract Infections

5O. Bacteria from the intestines (most commonly _____________) often infect the urinary tract
by ascending from the perineal area in the lower urinary tract.

a. Escherichia coli

b. Bacillus anthracis

c. Staphyloccus aureus

d. Streptococcus pyogenes, Group A

51. The most common upper urinary tract infection is:

a. Urethritis

b. Prostatitis

c. Cystitis

d. Pyelonephritis
52. Defenses which help maintain urinary tract sterility include:

a. Ureterovesical junction

b. Adequate urine volume

c. Unimepded urine flow

d. Alkaline urine

e. Complete bladder emptying

53. A client complaining of dysuria, frequency, urgency, nocturia, pyuria, hematuria, and
suprapubic discomfort is showing manifestations of ____________ or ___________.

a. Cystitis

b. Urethritis

c. Glomerulonephritis

d. Pyelonephritis

54. Which diagnostic test is used to diagnose conditions that may contribute to UTIs such as an
enlarged prostate, urethral strictures, bladder stones, tumors, and congenital abnormalities?

a. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

b. Urinalysis

c. Voiding cystourethrography

d. Cystoscopy

55. Acute pyelonephritis is treated with:

a. 3 - day or a 7-10-day course of antibiotics

b. 10-21 days of antibiotics

c. Therapy with urinary anti-infectives which may last from 2 weeks to 6 or 12

months

d. Intravenous antibiotics are required

56. Which is the best course of treatment necessary for resistant or recurrent UTIs?

a. A 3-day or a 7-to 10-day course of antibiotics

 b. 10-21 days of antibiotic therapy

c. IV antibiotics

d. Therapy with urinary anti-infectives which may last from 2 weeks to 6 or 12

months

Septicemia
57. Sepsis and septicaemia are usually caused by severe infection with

a. Bacteria

b. Fungi

c. Protozoa

d. Helminths

58. What is sepsis?

a. A high fever.

b. A whole body rash.

c. A whole body tingling sensation.

d. A whole body, potentially fatal, infection

59. What are some of the common symptoms of sepsis?

a. Erratic blood pressure, clammy skin, mouth sores.

b. High fevers, flushed skin, low blood pressure.

c. No fever, normal skin, normal blood pressure.

d. fevers, pale skin, high blood pressure.

6O. Endotoxin (LPS) is an important constituent of

a. Gram positive bacteria

b. Gram negative bacteria

c. Some protozoa

d. Fungi
Mixed Questions: How far have you know about Microbiology?
61. Is a protective covering for the genome?

a. the capsid

b. the genome

c. the envelope

d. the capsomere

62. The fungus candida causes?

a. vaginal yeast infections

b. thrush of the mouth

c. infections in Canadians

d. a and b

63. Streptococcal pneumonia?

a. respiratory

b. urogenital

c. nervous, fever, eyes

d. gastrointestinal

e. skin

f. muscles

64. Syphilis cases at a local clinic at 5 years high?

a. outbreak

b. epidemic

c. endemic

d. pandemic

65. Mycelium?

a. fungus
 b. bacteria

c. protozoa

d. algae

e. virus

66. Hepatitis viruses attack the liver which results in which of the following symptoms except?

a. jaundice

b. dark urine

c. light colored feces

d. maculopapular rash

67. Streptokinase?

a. colonization of a niche in the host

b. evasion of the hosts immune response

c. inhibition/overstimulation of the hosts immune response

d. obtaining nutrition from the host

e. exotoxin

68. Pneumonia is simply?

a. a disease affecting the very young and the elderly

b. fluid in the lungs

c. caused by a wide variety of organisms

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

69. Pandemic?

a. worldwide outbreak of disease

b. disease outbreak

c. disease that is easily spread

 d. vector of infection

7O. Why do you think that antibiotics such as penicillin cannot be used with bacteria like
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB?

a. the cell walls of these organisms are not affected by penicillin

b. the spores that are produced by TB cannot be killed by antibiotics

c. the bacterium encysts within the body and cannot be killed with penicillin

d. the bacterium is gram negative which are not killed as easily with penicillin