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(Reaffirmed 2014) 
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IS 15799  : 2008
(Reaffirmed 2018)
(Reaffirmed 2013) 

C1R 3ih f~{1i* ffl.1i~1 cn1 -qU~ M~ (Reaffirmed 2012) 

-
~ Cf)f fcChId1Q'""! ~ ~  

(Reaffirmed 2011) 

Indian Standard  

(Reaffirmed 2010) 
METHODS FOR TESTING TAR AND BITUMINOUS
MATERIALS - DETERMINATION OF  

DURABILITY OF BITUMEN (Reaffirmed 2009) 

(Reaffirmed 2008) 

ICS 75.100  

(Reaffirmed 2007) 

(Reaffirmed 2006) 

(Reaffirmed 2005) 

© BIS 2008

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

July 200 8 Price Group 4

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Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee. PCD 6

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the dr aft final ized by the Bitumen, Tar
and Their Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division
Council.
Durability can be defined as the ability of bitumen to maintain satisfactory rheology. cohesion and adhesion in
long term service. As a part of quality criteria, the following have been identified as the prime durability factors:

Oxidative hardening
- Evaporative hardening
- Compositional hardening
The Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) test described in IS 9382 : 1979 ' Methods for testing tar and bituminous
materials - Determination of effect of heat and air by thin film oven tests ' measures hardening Doth by oxidation
and evaporation. By adjusting the duration of test, the short term hardening (plant mixing) and long term hardening
(hardening during service) can be obtained accurately. .
Large scale field trials have revealed that a paving grade bitumen is deemed to have outlived its useful life when
the penetration value goes below 20 or the softening point is raised above 70 °C. Since the penetration and the
softening point tests do not define explicitly the rheological nature of bitumen, the viscosity value has been
chosen as a truly durability parameter. Using RTFO test and PAV test, the time of exposure needed to harden the
bitumen to reach the Specified Apparent Viscosity Level (SAVL) of 5.65 log Pa-s at 45 °C at the rate of a shear
rate of 5 x 10.3 S·I as durability of bitumen. The durability of bitumen is expressed as number of days of exposure
required to reach the SAVL level.
In reporting the results of a test or analysi s made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ' Rules for rounding off numerical
values (revised)'.
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Indian Standard
METHODS FOR TESTING TAR AND BITUMINOUS
MATERIALS - DETERMINATION OF
DURABILITY OF BITUMEN
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a method to measure the
durability of bitumen. Durability of the bitumen is
reflected by the thermo oxidative effect during hot mix
and in-service oxidative ageing. The test method
measures the combined effect of Rolling Thin Film Oven
(RTFO) (heat and air on a moving film of bitumen) and
Pressurized Ageing Vessel (PAV) (accelerated ageing of
bitumen by means of pressurized air and elevated
temperature) of semi-solid bituminous materials.
1.2 It is intended to simulate the type of changes. which
occur in bituminous binders during hot mix and in-
service oxidative ageing but may not accurately
simulate the relative rates of ageing.
1.3 The ageing of bitumen binders during service is
affected by ambient temperature, air pressure and by
mixtures associated variables, such as volumetric
proportions of the mix, permeability of the mix,
properties of aggregates and possibly other factors .
NOTE - Some modified bitumen binders may phase separate
or form skins during RTFO conditioning or PAY ageing and
the results from subsequent testing of this residue may not be
representative of modified bitumens short term aged under field
conditions.
2 REFERENCES
The following standards contain provisions which ,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this standard. At the time of publication the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below:
IS No. Title
334: 2002 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen
and tar (third revision)
9382 :1979 Methods for testing tar and
bituminous materials - Determina-
tion of effect of heat and air by thin
film oven tests
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following
definition and those given in IS 334 shall apply.
IS 15799 : 2008
3.2 Durability - It is the combined effect in properties
of bitumen caused due to conventional hot-mixing at
about 160°C and in-service oxidative ageing that occurs
in bitumen binders during pavement service .
4 APPARATUS
4.1 Rolling Thin Film Oven
4.1.1 A double walled, electrically heated convention-
type oven, interior dimensions shall be 381 nun high,
483 mm wide, and 445 ± 13 mm deep (with the door
closed). The oven is provided with a tightly fitted
hinged door containing two sheets of heat resistant
glass (window) of size 305 to 330 mm wide x 203 to
229 mm high and separated by an air space. The
window should permit an unobstructed view of the
interior of the oven. The top of the upper heating
element shall be 25 ± 3 mm below the oven floor. The
oven shall have vents at the bottom with an open area
of 15.0 ± 0.7 cm 2 and shall be located symmetrically
to supply incoming air around the heating elements.
The oven shall have vents at the top with an open area
of 9.3 ± 0.45 cm 2 •
4.1.2 The oven shall have an air plenum covering the
side walls and ceiling . The air space shall be 38.1 mm
deep from walls and ceiling. At a midpoint in the width
of the oven and 152.4 nun from the face of the circular
metal carriage to its axis, a squirrel cage-type fan 133
mm outer diameter (00) and 73 nun wide shall be
turned at I 725 rpm by an externally mounted motor.
The squirrel cage fan shall be set so that the fan turns
in an opposite direction to its vanes. The air flow
characteristics of the fan-plenum system shall be
suction from the floor of the oven through the wall
plenums and exhaust of the air through the fan. Figures
I and 2 show details of this plenum system.
4.1.3 The oven shall be equipped with a proportional
control thermostat capable of maintaining 163 ± O.5°C
temperature. The sensing element of the thermostat
shall be placed 25.4 mm from the left side and
approximately 38.1 nun from the ceiling of the interior
of the plenum-enclosed oven so that the end of the
sensing element is at a point approximately 203.2 mm
from the rear interior wall of the oven. The thermometer
shall be hung or affixed to a mounting in the ceiling,
which is 50.8 nun from the right side of the oven at a
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IS 15799 : 2008

....- , / " DIRECTION

ffi~
~ OF THE ROTATION

e> -~--..

~
TOP vIew OF FAN
VENT

I I
III
I I
I I
THERMOMETER

OVEN

FIG. I SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AIR FLOW FRONT VIEW

midpoint in the depth of the oven . The heating controls
shall becapable of bringing the fully loaded oven back
to the test temperature within a 10 min period after
insertion of the samples in a preheated oven.
4.1.4 The oven shall be provided within a 304 .8 mm
diameter vertical circular carriage which is
mechanically driven through a 19 mm diameter shaft
at a speed of 15 ± 0.2 rev/min. This carriage shall be
provided with the suitable openings and clip s for firmly
holding eight glass containers in a horizontal position.
4.2 Flow Meter
The flow meter may be any suitable type capable of
accurately measuring the air flow at a rate of 4000 mlI
min and shall be located downstream of all regulating
devices and upstream of the copper coil. It shall be
cal ibrated periodically us ing wet test meter or other
displacement method based on air flow exiting the air
jet with the oven off at room temperature.
4.3 Thermometer

4.1.5 The oven shall be equipped with an air jet having
outlet orifice 1.016 mm diameter (No. 68 drill )
positioned to blow heated air into each bottle at its
lowest point of travel and connected to a 7.6 m length
of 8 mm outs ide diameter refrigeration copper tub ing.
The tubing shall be coiled to lie flat on the bottom of
the oven and lead to a source of fresh, dried. dust-free
regulated air.
NOTE - Activated silica gel treated with an indicator is a
satisfactory desiccant for the dried air.
Thermometer conforming to the requirements as
spec ified in IS 9382 shall be used.
4.4 Container
The container in which the sample is to be tested shall
be of heat-resistant glass conforming to the dimensions
shown in Fig. 3.
4.5 Cooling Rack
A wire or sheet metal rack constructed of stainless steel

2
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IS 15799 : 2008

292
228
OVEN

111.5
3 Nos. 0305 X 3.17 THIC K
ALUMINIUM DISC

4 Nos . SPACER
0 .0.12.7 xl .D.6.35 x54.6LG.
4 Nos . SPACER
FRONT VIEW 0 .0 .12.7 xI.D.6.35 x20.6 LG.
SIDE VIEW

All d imensions in millimetres.

F IG. 2 CIR CUL AR M ETAL C ARRI AGE

064:t 12
031 .75:t 1.5

1.5 ± 0.8 .....I b

140 :t 1.5
I MATERIAL
PYREX BRAND TUBING
STANDARD WALL
64 00 WALL THICKNESS
2.4 :t 0.3

All dimensions in millimetres,

F IG. 3 S AMPL E B OTTL E

3
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IS 15799 : 2008

or aluminium, which allows the sample containers to
cool in a horizontal position and allows air to flow
freely around each container with at least 25 mm
clearance between containers.
4.6 Pressure Ageing Vessel (see Fig. 4)
4.6.2 Pressure and Temperature Controlling Devices
4.6.2.1 A pressure relief valve that prevents pressure
in the vessel from exceeding the design pressure of
the vessel. but in no case exceeding 2.5 MPa during
ageing.

4.6.1 Pressure Vessel 4.6.2.2 A pressure regulator or regulating system

A stainless steel pressure vessel designed to operate
at 2.1 ± 0.1 MPa between 90° to 110°C with interior
dimensions adequate to hold a pan holder capable of
holding ten TFaf stainless steel pans in horizontal
(level) position (see Fig. 5) such that the bitumen binder
film thickness is reasonably uniform . The holder shall
be designed for easy insertion and removal from the
vessel.
NOTE - 11Ie vessel may be a separate unit to be placed in a
forced draft oven for conditioning the bitumen binders or an
integral part of the temperature control system (for example,
by direct heating of the vessel or by surrounding the vessel
with a permanently affixed heating unit forced air oven or liquid
bath) . For practical purposes, it is recommended that the vessel
have the dimensions of 250 mm in diameter and 265 mm in
height.
capable of controlling the pressure within the vessel
to ± 0.02 MPa, and with a capacity adequate to reduce
the pressure from the source of compressed air so
that the pressure within the loaded pressure vessel is
maintained at 2.1 ± 0 .1 MPa during the ageing
process.
4.6.2.3 A slow release bleed valve that allows the
pressure in the vessel at the completion of the
conditioning procedure to be reduced from 2.1 MPa
to local atmospheric pressure within 8 to 15 min.
4.6.3 Temperature Controlling Devices
4.6.3.1 A digital temperature control device for
maintaining the temperature during ageing within the
pressure vessel at the ageing temperature of ± 0.5"c.

PRESSURE GAUGE
OR SENSOR
BLEED VALVE
PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE

NEEDLE
VALVE

RTD QUICK
DISCONNECT
r--
I
I
I
I
I
COMPRESSED AIR I P.A.V.
CYLINDER I

CON~
TEMPERATURE )L1 - - -
PRESSURE
VESSEL

FIG. 4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PAY TEST SYSTEM

4
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IS 15799 : 2008

TO TEMPERATURE b,;:~10
TRANSDUCER AND FROM INSIDE
TEMPERATURE READOUT SURFACE OF
THE P.A.v.

-/
i
WALL CLEARANCE ~ 10
~ ~10
FROM TOP OF
ASPHALT BINDER
///// V vt/ / // / V / / V / / / / / /
~
PROVIDE AT LEAST 5 r'
CLEARANCE TO I
NEAREST SURFACE
I
---- - - - ASSEMBLY TO INCLUDE

-
I PANS AND SUPPORT
I~

I t--10 Nos.TFOT PANS

I SUPPORTED ON SHELF
OR STANDARDS.ENTIRE
I
ASSEMBLY SHALL BE
ASSEMBLY I I REMOVABLE AS AN
SUPPORT POINT ~ I
INTEGRAL UNIT
a
I
~
"- ~

NOTES
1 Distance ' 0 ' controls the level of the pan. The assembly shall be supported at three or more support points. The dislance ' 0 ' measure
from each assembl y support point to the bottom of the pan (top of shelf or pan support point ) shall be controlled 10 % 0.05 mm.
2 Distance b, and b, shall be such that any active port ion of the temper ature transducer is ;::: 10 mm from any adjacent surface.
3 Distance 'c ' shall be z 12 mm .

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 5 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SHOWING LOCATION OF PANS AND RTD WITHIN PAY

4.6.3.2 A heating device (forced-draft oven or fluid
bath) capable of restoring the ageing temperature
with in the vessel after loading the pans and the pan
holder and prior to pressurizing the vessel with in 2 h
of placing the loading vessel in the heating device and
maintaining the temperature within the pressure vessel
at the ageing temperature ± 0.5°C.
4.6.3.3 A pressure vessel with integral temperature control
system that is capable of bringing the loaded pressure
vessel to the desired conditioning temperature ± 0.5°e
within 2 h as recorded by the RTD inside the loaded
pressure vessel and maintaining the temperature within
the pressure vessel at the ageing temperature ± 0.5°c.
NOTE - Preheating the pressure vessel may be necessary to
achieve the age ing temperature within (he requi red 2 h period.
4.6.4.2 A strip chart recorder or other data acquisition
system capable of recording temperature throughout
the ageing process to ± 0.1 "C, As an alternative. an
electronic device capable of reporting only maximum
and minimum temperatures (accurate to ± 0.1 "C) may
be used.
4.6.5 Pressure Gauge
A pressure gauge capable of measuring the pressure
in the pressure vessel to within ± 0.02 MPa during the
ageing process.
4.7 Stainless Steel Pans
Ten standard stainless steel TFO pans meeting the
requirements of IS 9382.

4.6.4 Temperature and Pressure Measurin g Devices 4.8 Vacuum Oven

4.6.4.1 A platinum RTD accurate to the nearest 0.1 -c A vacuum oven capable of maintaining temperature
for measuring the temperature inside the pressure up to 180°C with an accuracy of ± 5°C and vacuum of
vessel. The RTD shall be calibrated as an integral unit 15 ± 1.0 kPa absolute shall be used . The pressure vessel
with its respective meter or electronic circuitry. itself may be used in lieu of a vacuum oven if it is

5
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capable of maintaining a temperature of 180°C and a
vacuum of 15.0 kPa.
4.9 Vacuum System
A vacuum system capable: o f generat in g and
maintaining pressure below 15.0 kPa absolute, Suitable
vacuum systems include a vacuum pump. an air
aspirator. or a house vacuum system.
5 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENT
Commercial bottled air or equivalent.
6 CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION
6.1 Temperature Detector
Verify the calibration of RTD and its respecti ve meter
or electronic circuitry to 0.1"C at least every six months
using a calibrated temperature indicator traceable to a
national standard.
6.2 Pressure Gauge
Calibrate the pressure gauge to an accura cy of 0.02
MPa at least every silt months.
6.3 For those vessels or PAV sy stems where
pressurization is operator-controlled. de termine the
optimum temperature at which to apply pressure to the
pres sure vessel. Several ageing run s should be
conducted. With the vessel loaded with pan rack and
empty pans. increa se the: temperature inside the vessel
to the ageing temperature, When the temperature inside
the vessel is within 10°C of the ageing temper ature.
apply an air pressure of 2.1 ± 0 .1 MPa. Record the
temperature increase when pressure is applied. Perform
the procedure at least three time s and use the average
temperature increase to establish the temperature at
which to apply pressure to the vessel for performing
the ageing procedure.
7 PROCEDURE
7.1 Part A
7.1.1 Heat the sample in its container in an oven not to
exceed 15O"C. Weigh 35 ± 0.5 g of sample into each
of the required glass containers providing sufficient
materials for carrying out the ageing in the pressure
ageing vessel.
7.1.2 With the oven at operating temperature and the
air flow set at 4 000 ± 200 ml/min, arrange the
containers holding the bitumen in the carriage so that
the carriage is balanced. Fill unu sed spaces in the
carriage with empty containers. Close the door and rotate
the carriage assembly at a rate of 15 ± 0.2 rev/min.
Maintain the sample in oven with the air flowing and
6
the carriage rotating for 85 min. The test temperature
of 163 ± O.soC shall be reached within first 10 min.
otherwise discontinue the test.
7.1.3 At the conclusion of the testing period. remove
each glass sample container. one at a time and transfer
the contents into a bigger container and gently stir it to
homogenize it for further age ing in PAY.
7.2 Part B
7.2.1 Place the pan holder inside the pressure vessel.
If an oven is used, place the pressure vessel inside the
oven. select an ageing temperature and preheat the
pressure vessel to the ageing temperature. If an
integrated temperature control pressure vessel is used.
one should select an ageing temperature and follow
the manufacturer's instruction for preheating the
pressure vessel.
NOTE - For vessel s placed in an oven , preheat ing the vessel
to 10° to 15°C above the ageing temperature ca n be used [0
reduce the drop in PAY tempe rature dur ing (he load ing process
and minimize the time required to stabilize the system. after
loading to attain the required temperature.
7.2.2 Weigh 50 ± 0.5 g of above residue (obtained
from Part A) into a TFOT pan which will yield
approximately 3.2 mm thick film of residue.
7.2.3 Place the filled pans in the pan holder and place
the pan holder inside the pressure vessel and close it.
If an oven is used, place the pressure vessel inside the
oven. Wait until the temperature inside the vessel is
within 10°C of the ageing temperature (100°C). Then,
apply an air pressure of 2.10 ± 0.1 MPa and then start
timing the test. If the temperature inside the vessel has
not reached the desired temperature for applying
pressure within 2 h of loading the pan holder and pans.
discontinue the procedure and discard the residue
samples.
7.2.4 Maintain the temperature and air pressure inside
the vessel for 20 h ± 10 min . If the temperature rises
above and falls below the target ageing temperature
± OS C for more than a total of 60 min during the 20
h ageing period, discard the material. Also. if the
pressure at the end of ageing period is outside of the
range. discard the material.
7.2.5 At the end of 20 h ageing period. begin the slow
reduction of the internal pressure of the PAY, using the
air pressure bleed valve. The bleed valve is adjusted to
an opening such that it equalizes the internal and
external pressures on the PAY within 8-15 min, thus
avoiding excessive bubbling and foaming of residue.
7.2.6 Vacuum De-gas the Aged Samples
7.2.6.1 Remove the pan holder and pans from the PAY
and place the pan in an oven set to 163"C for 15 ± I min.
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IS 15799 : 2008

NOTE - PAY residue may be healed in the TFOT pans al

7.2.6.5 If test s to determine the propert ie s of
163°C and sti rred to rem ove air bubbles. The se precaution s
will help avoid ox ida tive harden ing and volatile loss thai will degas sed PAY re sidue are not performed
harden the sa m ple . During the heat ing proce ss. the sample immedi ately. it is permissible to cover and sto re the
sho uld be cov er ed and st irred occasionally scraping the bouo m samples in their cont ainers at room temperature for
of the pan s 10 en sure homogeneity.
future testing.
7.2.6.2 Pre-heat the vacuum oven to 170 ± 5°C.
8 REPORT
7.2.6.3 Remove the pans from the oven and pour the
hot residue from the pan s cont aining a singl e sample The following information shall he reponed :
into a single container. Select a container of dimension
a) Sample identification ;
such that the depth of the res idue in the container is
between 15 mm and 40 mm . After the last pan is b) Ageing test temperature. neare st to 0.5 °(';
scraped. tran sfer the container to the vacuum oven c) Max imum or the min imum age i ng
within 1 min . Maintain the temperature of vacuum oven temperature , recorded neare st to 0.1°C;
at 170 ± 5°C for 10 ± 1 min . d) Total time during ageing that temperature was
7.2.6.4 Open the vacuum valve as rapidly as possible to outside the specified range . neare st minute ;
reduce the pre ssure to 15 ± 2.5 kPa absolute . Maintain and
absolute pres sure at 15 ± 2.5 kPa for 30 ± I min. Release e) Total ageing time. hours and minutes.
the vacuum and remove the container. If any bubbles
remain on the s urface of the residue . remo ve them by
9 PRECISION
flashing the surface of the residue with a torch or hot Sin ce th is is a practice and material is not tested
knife . prec ision and bia s statements are not needed.

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Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution establi shed under the Bureau of Indian Standards A ct. 1986 to prom ot e
harmonious development of the activities of standardizat ion, marking and qu ality certification of goo ds
and attending to connected matters in the countr y.

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without the prior permi ssion in writin g of BIS. Thi s does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of neces sar y detail s. such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendment s are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Stand ard s are also reviewed
periodically ; a standard along with amendm ents is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicat es that changes are needed , it is taken up for revision . Users of Indian Standards
should ascerta in that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
'BIS Catalogue ' and 'Standards: Monthl y Additions' .

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. PCD 6 (1336 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

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