CHAPTER 7

IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM AND IMPACT

PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4/18/2021 1

  Impulse – is the product of force and time.
If a force 𝐹 is constant in both magnitude and
direction during time 𝑡, the impulse is 𝐹𝑡. If
the force varies in magnitude, the impulse for
IMPULSE AND time 𝑑𝑡 is 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑡, and the total impulse for
MOMENTUM any time 𝑡 is
𝑡
‫׬‬0 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑡
 The momentum of a body is the product
of its mass 𝑚 and velocity 𝑣 and is denoted
by 𝑚𝑣.

4/18/2021 PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 2

  From Newton’s Second Law of Motion
𝑑𝑣
𝑎= 𝑑𝑡
(1)
RELATION 𝑑𝑣
𝐹 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑡 or 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑑𝑣 (2)
BETWEEN
 Integrating both sides of the equation,
LINEAR 𝑡 𝑣
‫׬‬0 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = ‫𝑚 𝑣׬‬ ∙ 𝑑𝑣 (3)
IMPULSE 𝑜

AND LINEAR ▪ If mass 𝑚 is constant

𝑡
MOMENTUM ‫׬‬0 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑣𝑜 (4)
▪ If both 𝑚 and 𝐹 are constant
𝐹 ∙ 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑣𝑜 (5)

4/18/2021 PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 3

  The relationships derived in eq. (4) and (5)
may be stated as follows
RELATION
Resultant Linear Impulse = Change in Linear
BETWEEN
momentum
LINEAR
𝑃𝐿𝐼 − 𝑁𝐿𝐼 = 𝐹𝐿𝑀 − 𝐼𝐿𝑀 (6)
IMPULSE
AND LINEAR ▪ An impulse in the same direction as the initial
momentum is considered a positive impulse:
MOMENTUM
any impulse in the opposite direction is a
negative impulse.

4/18/2021 PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4

EXAMPLE 7.1

A 300-lb block is in contact with a level surface whose coefficient of

kinetic friction is 0.10. If the block is acted upon by a horizontal force
of 50 lb, what time will elapse before the block reaches a velocity of
48.3 ft per sec starting from rest? If the 50 lb force is removed, how
much longer will the block continue to move?
Solution:
σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
300
50 − 300 0.10 𝑡 = 48.3
32.2
𝐭 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓 𝐬𝐞𝐜. Answer
300
300 0.10 𝑡 = 48.3
32.2
𝐭 = 𝟏𝟓 𝐬𝐞𝐜. Answer

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EXAMPLE 7.2

A force of 300-lb pushes a 200-lb block up an incline plane whose

slope is 3 vertical to 4 horizontal. If 𝜇𝑘 = 0.20, determine the time
required to increase the velocity of the block from 10 to 50 ft per
sec.
Solution:
3 4 200
300 − 200 − 200 0.20 𝑡 = 32.2 50 − 10
5 5

148𝑡 = 248.447205
𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝒔𝒆𝒄. Answer

PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4/18/2021 6

EXAMPLE 7.3

𝑚
A body is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 9 𝑠 .
Assuming, that it falls freely after it comes to rest at the top of its
path, find its velocity 2.5 seconds after discharge.
Solution: by impulse-momentum equation
𝑊 𝑊
𝐹 ∙ 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑣𝑜 −𝑊 2.5 = 𝑔
𝑣 − 𝑔
9

−2.5𝑔 = 𝑣 − 9 𝑣 = 9 − 2.5 9.81

𝒎
𝒗 = −𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟐𝟓 Answer
𝒔

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EXAMPLE 7.3

A body is thrown vertically upward with an initial

𝑚
velocity of 9 . Assuming, that it falls freely after it
𝑠
comes to rest at the top of its path, find its velocity 2.5
seconds after discharge.
Solution: consider the body as freely falling in
rectilinear motion
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑔𝑡 𝑣 = 9 + −9.81 2.5
𝒎
𝒗 = −𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟐𝟓 Answer
𝒔

PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4/18/2021 8

EXAMPLE 7.4

Determine the velocity of Body B in the figure after moving 5 sec (a) starting
from rest and (b) starting with a downward velocity of 6 ft per sec.
1
Solution: 𝑇𝐴 = 2𝑇𝐵 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵
2
𝑊 200
σ𝑋 ∙ 𝑡 = 𝑣 − 𝑣0 𝑇𝐴 − 200 5 = 𝑣𝐴 − 0
𝑔 32.2
200 1
2𝑇𝐵 − 200 5 = 𝑣 −0
32.2 2 𝐵
50
𝑇𝐵 = 𝑣 + 100 (1)
161 𝐵
300 300
300 − 𝑇𝐵 5 = 𝑣𝐵 − 0 𝑇𝐵 = 300 − 𝑣 (2)
32.2 161 𝐵
Equate (1) and (2)
𝒇𝒕
𝒗𝑩 = 𝟗𝟐 Answer
𝒔𝒆𝒄

PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4/18/2021 9

EXAMPLE 7.4

(b) starting with a downward velocity of 6 ft per sec.

1
Solution: 𝑇𝐴 = 2𝑇𝐵 𝑣𝐴 = 2 𝑣𝐵
𝑊 200
σ𝑋 ∙ 𝑡 = 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜 𝑇𝐴 − 200 5 = 32.2 𝑣𝐴 − 3
𝑔
200 1 50 15800
2𝑇𝐵 − 200 5 = 𝑣 −3 𝑇𝐵 = 𝑣 + (3)
32.2 2 𝐵 161 𝐵 161
300 50100 300
300 − 𝑇𝐵 5 = 32.2 𝑣𝐵 − 6 𝑇𝐵 = − 𝑣 (4)
161 161 𝐵
Equate (3) and (4)
𝒇𝒕
𝒗𝑩 = 𝟗𝟖 Answer
𝒔𝒆𝒄

PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4/18/2021 10

EXAMPLE 7.5

A 500 N body initially at rest is acted upon for 9 seconds by a variable force 𝐹 =
100 𝑡 and by a variable resisting force 𝐹1 = 30 − 𝑡 during that time. What is its
velocity at the end of 9 seconds?
Solution:
9 9
‫׬‬0 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 − ‫׬‬0 𝐹1 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜
9 1 9 500
‫׬‬0 100𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 − ‫׬‬0 30 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑔
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜

9 9
200 3 𝑡2 500
𝑡 2൨ − 30𝑡 −2 ቃ = 9.81 𝑣
3 0
0
𝒎
𝒗 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟏 Answer
𝒔

PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 4/18/2021 11

 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

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