CHAPTER 7

IMPULSE, MOMENTUM AND IMPACT

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 CONSERVATION
OF LINEAR
𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = 𝑚1 𝑣′1 + 𝑚2 𝑣′2 (7)
MOMENTUM
Where:
𝑚1 , 𝑚2 = masses of two bodies
𝑣1 , 𝑣2 = respective velocities before contact
𝑣′1 , 𝑣′2 = respective velocities after impact

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 DIRECT
CENTRAL
IMPACT If the mass centers of two bodies before collision
move along the same straight line, and the shape of
the bodies is such that the pressure each exerts upon
the other is also along this line, the impact is called
direct central impact. Other impacts are oblique.

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COEFFICIENT
OF
RESTITUTION

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 COEFFICIENT OF
RESTITUTION

ℎ1 ℎ2
❖ 𝑒= =
1 ℎ1

𝐷
❖ 𝑒 = 𝐷2
1

𝑒 = 0 for inelastic impact or truly

plastic impact
𝑒 = 1 for elastic impact

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 OBLIQUE IMPACT

❖ Conservation of momentum along

x-direction
𝑚𝑣1 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑣1 ′ cos 𝛽
𝑣1 sin 𝜃 = 𝑣1 ′ cos 𝛽
❖ Coefficient of restitution
𝑣1 ′ sin 𝛽
𝑒=
𝑣1 cos 𝜃

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 PERCENTAGE OF KINETIC
ENERGY LOST AFTER IMPACT

❖ 𝐾𝐸 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐾𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

1 1
❖ 𝐾𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 ′ 2
+ 2 𝑚2 𝑣2 ′ 2
2
1 1
❖ 𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 2 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 2
2 2

𝐾𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 −𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 100

❖ % 𝐾𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

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 PERCENTAGE OF KINETIC
ENERGY LOST AFTER IMPACT

❖ 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑣 ′
❖ % of mechanical energy lost
1
𝐾𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑣 ′ 2

1 1
𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 2 𝑚1 𝑣1 2 + 2 𝑚2 𝑣2 2

𝐾𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 −𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 100

% 𝐾𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐾𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

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 DISPLACEMENT IN
SPRING AFTER IMPACT

❖ 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = 𝑚1 𝑣′1 + 𝑚2 𝑣′2
1 2 1
❖ 𝑘𝑥 = 2 𝑚2 𝑣2 ′ 2
2

❖ Average impact force for a certain time “t” of

contact
𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚2 𝑣2 ′ − 𝑣2
𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 ′ − 𝑣1
𝐹 = average impact force
𝐹𝑡 = impulse

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 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

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