Ch 5: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION DRAWING CONCEPTS

5.1. Schematic (wiring) diagram

5.1.1. Schematic diagram symbols

5.1.2. Rules of schematic diagrams

5.1.3. Elements of the schematic diagram

5.1.4. Example electrical schematic diagram

5.1.4.1. Distribution board schedule – MDB, SDB and back up supplies

5.1.4.2. Riser diagram

5.1.4.3. Bill and specs of luminaries

5.2. Layout diagram (shop drawing)

5.2.1 Rules of constructing layout diagrams/shop drawings

5.2.2. Example shop drawing

5.3 Basic Drawing Techniques with Autocad 2007

5.3.1. Introduction to AutoCAD (Starting, Windows, Command types …)

5.3.2. Coordinate systems

5.3.3. Creation of drawing objects

5.3.3.1. Drawing geometrical shapes: lines, circles, polygons, splines etc

5.3.3.2. Object line types, color and weight – the LWT tab

5.3.4. Drawing limits, units and scales

5.3.5. Dimensioning: linear, aligned, continued, overwriting, etc

5.3.6. Object editing commands: Trimming, extending, chamfering, etc

5.3.7. Object manipulations: copying, moving, rotating, mirroring, scaling & blocking

5.3.8. Display commands: Panning, zooming, zoom window (selection)

5.3.9. Captioning with text

5.3.10. Grid, snap etc

5.3.11. The layer concept and layering

5.3.12. Creating layout from model view & printing

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5. ELECTRICAL DRAWING CONCEPTS

In electrical installation designs and construction work, two types of electrical drawings are used to represent the design
concepts, viz

• The schematic drawing (or wiring diagram)

• The layout diagram (also known as shop drawing or construction drawing)

• Specifications of electrical materials and equipments to be used in the construction are also included as part of the
drawings or on separate sheet/s.

• For example: MDB/SDB enclosure, cable conductor cross-sectional area, number of cores, circuit breaker rating and
type, lighting luminary type and quantity, etc are included in the drawing.

5.1. Electrical schematic diagrams

• The schematic diagrams, also called wiring diagram, indicates the single line diagram of the electrical circuit mains.

• For this purpose standard electrical symbols are used for socket outlets, luminaries, lines, appliances etc.

• List of symbols from EBCS, IEC, NEC, DIN etc

Some rules of schematic diagrams:

•For multiple floor buildings, poe

5.1.1. Schematic diagram symbols from EBCS for electrical installation

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5.1.2. Rules of schematic diagrams

….

5.1.3. Elements of the schematic diagram

i. Lighting circuits (labeling etc)

ii. General socket outlet circuits

iii. Power socket outlet circuits

iv. Bell call, telephone and TV networks

v. SDB scheduling and associated feeders & CBs

vi. MDB scheduling and associated feeders & CBs

vii. Bill and specs of luminaries

viii. Earthing and lightening arrestor designs

ix. Riser diagram of feeders, CBs, SDBs, MDB and trafo

x. Site plan

xi. Title block (designer, approver, drawing unit & scale, etc)

5.1.4. Example electrical schematic diagram

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5.1.4.1. Distribution board schedule
5.1.4.1.1 Main Distribution Board schedule

5.1.4.1.2 Sub-distribution board schedule

5.1.4.1.3 Backup and distribution board schedule

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 5.1.4.2. Riser diagram

5.1.4.3. Bill and specs of luminaries

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5.2. The layout diagram/shop drawing

The electrical layout diagram (also known as shop drawing or construction drawing) indicates on each
floor plan of the bldg

the actual route, number, length, and diameter of conduits in each floor slab and in wall (and/or in
raceways on walls/ceilings) of the building determined on the basis of the number and size of cables
they carry

the position, number and sizes of the junction boxes, concrete ducts, outlets and appliance positions
in each floor slab and walls (and/or on walls/ceilings) of the building

o The number, type, size and colour of cables/conductors to be run in each conduit/raceway and
connected in each junction box

o The position of SDBs, MDB and service entrance

o The position of, if any, transformer, backup power system, switching system etc in a
house/control room

o The position of earth and lightening protection

5.2.1 Rules of constructing layout diagrams/shop drwaings

....

5.2.2. Example layout diagram

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5.2.2. Example layout diagram ….

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5.3 Basic Drawing Techniques with Autocad 2007
5.3.1. Introduction to AutoCAD
5.3.1.1. Starting AutoCAD
Start AutoCAD by double clicking on its icon on the desktop or from Programs.

A dialog giving various startup options will be displayed.

In AutoCAD 2007, select the second option: “AutoCAD Classic” rather than 3D and click OK.

5.3.1.2. The AutoCAD window

The AutoCAD window has a number of important features:

i. The standard Windows drop-down menus.
ii. The standard Windows toolbar below the menus
iii. This includes: File-New, File-Open, File-Save, Print and "Find and Replace"(!!).
iv. In addition to the standard toolbar there will be a number of AutoCAD specific toolbars: Object Properties,
Draw and Modify, etc
v. The graphics area - that's the area where you draw
vi. View Tabs - these 'tabs' give access to different view of the current drawing. This includes the “Model" tab and
“Layout” tab
vii. The status area, at the bottom of the AutoCAD window. This includes the current cursor position.
viii. The command area - this small window (by default) has space for three lines of text - this is where you type

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 commands. (Command can also be entered with the mouse)

Note: AutoCAD's half of the conversation comes from the text command in the command line area.

5.3.1.3. Command Entry in AutoCAD

Typically there are three ways of giving a command!

i. Type the command using the keyboard - the command is displayed in the command area.
ii. Select the command from a menu.
iii. Select the command's icon from a toolbar.

Note: Not all commands are on the Menus and/or toolbars!

5.3.2. Coordinate Systems

Absolute coordinates
When specifying positions in 2D drawings, you can use Cartesian or Polar Coordinates.
Cartesian coordinates are an X value, a comma, and a Y value. E.g: 100,100.
Polar coordinates are a distance value followed by a < symbol & an angle value. E.g: 10<25.
Angles are measured in degrees, with 0 = East and 90 = North.
Any of these numbers can have decimal values.
The positions specified above are "absolute coordinates", because they specify a particular position.

Relative coordinates
AutoCAD can also use "relative coordinates" to specify a position relative to the current position, for example:
Relative rectangular coordinate: @5.6,-3.4 and
Relative polar coordinate: @16.32<62.
Note: Consider relative coordinates simply as distances! )

5.3.3. Creation of drawing objects

The drawings we create with AutoCAD are called objects

Lines and some geometrical shapes constitute basic/elementary objects
We can combine these basic objects to form complex objects

5.3.3.1. Drawing geometrical shapes

Draw a Rectangle
a) From text command area
type rectang at the command line interface and press “Enter”
then type: 15,15 then press Enter initial coordinate
415,315 then press Enter final coordinate
b) From drawing tool bar
Select Rectangle from the command icons
Click the initial coordinate on the drawing area with the mouse and stretch it to the desired final coordinate (you
can view the coordinates at the left bottom corner of the window)
c) From command menu

Drawing lines
Initial and final coordinates in the three command methods
Setting type (continuous/hidden), color, line view

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 View line weight with toggling the LWT tab

Drawing circles, ellipse, arc, polygons, splines etc

Setting type (continuous/hidden), color, line view
View line weight with toggling the LWT tab

5.3.4. Drawing limits, units and precision

5.3.4.1 Drawing limits

It is normal when using AutoCAD to draw objects full size or full scale.
Thus it is usually necessary to reset the drawing limits to (about) the size of the object being drawn (or in the case
of a building the building's site).
For instance, if we will have a building of 50m x 50m size (i.e, 50000 x 50000mm)
Type: Limits then press Enter
0,0 then press Enter
50000,50000 then press Enter
This sets the drawing "size" to 50x50 meters.
In the above building of 50x50m space, the limits will centre at (25,000, 25,000).
The following command make the limits to have a center at (0,0)
Type: limits
-25000,-25000
25000,25000

5.3.4.2. Drawing units & precisions: m or mm?

Most people who use AutoCAD, draw using decimal drawing units.
What these drawing units represent is entirely up to the individual.
However, you must decide what units you will use before you start drawing.
One drawing unit could represent one millimeter, one centimeter, one meter, kilometer, mile, inch or foot.
It is entirely up to you. However, in most parts of the world it is common practice to work in either millimeters or
meters.
Which of these two units you use will largely depend upon the type of drawing you are creating.
For example, if you were creating a detail drawing of a flight of steps, you would most likely use millimeters
(Architects will almost always use millimeters).

If, on the other hand you are drawing a landscape master plan, you would probably want to work in meters
Landscape Architects & Civil Engineers usually use meters.
By way of example, consider a drawing where you need to draw a footpath in plan. The footpath is two meters
wide.
If you are working in mm, the footpath would be drawn 2,000 drawing units wide.
If you are working in meters, the footpath would be drawn just 2 drawing units wide.
Although decimal drawing units are the most commonly used, you can configure AutoCAD to work with other
types of drawing units.

To change the unit type, you must use the Drawing Units dialogue box.

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 5.3.4.3. Drawing scales
As a general rule, everything you draw with AutoCAD will be drawn full size. This often comes as quite a
surprise to those who are new to CAD and have spent a number of years working on a drawing board.
When you start drawing with AutoCAD you do not have to decide upon a drawing scale as you do when using
a drawing board.
When drawing on paper you must decide to draw at say, 1:20 or 1:200 depending upon the size of the object
that you are drawing so that your scaled drawing will fit on the drawing sheet, be that A3 or A1.
In AutoCAD you do not need to decide upon a drawing scale until you come to print the drawing.
Since the scaling of your drawing takes place at the printing stage, you can create drawings at a scale of 1:1 in
the “Model view”.
This has particular advantages because you can, for example, measure lengths, areas and volumes within an
AutoCAD drawing and not need to compensate for any scale factor.

5.3.5. Dimensioning

Dimensioning is the process of putting the measured magnitude of an object's length, diameter etc on the
object.
The unit of measurement may be as desired, i.e. in mm, cm, m or km.
The measured magnitude can be made precise with a desired number of digits after the decimal point.
An actual magnitude of a measurement in a print out paper (or blueprint) of a layout view is obtained by
multiplying it by the scale factor used.
A dimension has the following components: a numeric text to represent the measurement, a line to indicate
span of the measurement, ending. Properties of the text, line span, ending and offset can be configured as
desired.
AutoCAD has a number of dimensioning features some of which are:
linear, aligned, continued, overwriting, etc

5.1. Linear dimensioning

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 5.2. Aligned dimensioning

5.3. Continued dimensioning

5.4. Overwriting

5.3.6. Object editing commands

Trimming, extending, chamfering, etc

5.3.7. Object manipulations

Copying, moving, rotating, mirroring, scaling, blocking

5.3.8. Display commands

Panning, zooming, zoom window, zoom previous

5.3.9. Captioning with text
Captioning is putting a text description along a drawing object

5.3.10. Grids and snaps

It is often useful to be able to draw something from (for example) the end of another shape.
AutoCAD has a large selection of "snap modes" for this purpose.
The most commonly used snap modes are "Endpoint" (which snaps to the end of the selected graphics entity) and
"Intersection" (which snaps to the intersection of two graphics entities).
The object snap modes can either be typed or they can be selected from the standard toolbar or from the snap
toolbar:
A simple way to turn Object Snap ON or OFF, is to click on "OSNAP" in the status Area.

5.3.11. The layer concept and layering

Most CAD systems have some kind of overlay concept. AutoCAD uses layers.
Layers are used to separate and structure drawings;
Layers can be turned on and off (for example to vary the amount of detail in a drawing), and can have line types
associated with them....

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5.3.12. Creating layout from “Model View” & printing

Creating layout from model view & printing

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