Rajasthan History Part 2

jktLFkku fo'ks"k jktLFkku&Lora=krk vkanksyu] tutkxj.k ,oa jktuSfrd ,dhdj.
jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx

lkekU; vè;;u
jktLFkku dk bfrgkl
Lora=krk vkanksyu] tutkxj.k ,oa jktuSfrd ,dhdj.k
ikB~;Øe
Lora=krk vkanksyu] tutkxj.k o jktfufrd ,dhdj.k
fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 1 By lat; xqIrk

jktLFkku fo'ks"k jktLFkku&Lora=krk vkanksyu] tutkxj.k ,oa jktuSfrd ,dhdj.k
1857 bZ- dk Lora=krk laxzke ,oa jktLFkku
1857 bZ- dk çFke Lora=krk laxkz e Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA vf/dka'k vaxzst bfrgkldkjksa us bls ^^lSfud fonzksg** ;k
^^xnj** gh ekuk gS tks mfpr ugh gSA ;g lgh gS fd bl laxzke dk çeq[k dkj.k lSfud vlarks"k FkkA ysfdu okLrfodrk ;g gS
fd vaxsztksa dks Hkkjr ls ckgj fudkyus dk ,d lkewfgd laxzke FkkA jktLFkku es Hkh vusd LFkkuksa ij vaxzstksa dks la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA
1857 bZ- ds Lora=krk laxzke dh i`"BHkwfe ,oa dkj.k
jktLFkku es 1857 bZ- dh Lora=krk laxzke ds vè;;u ls iwoZ mldh i`"BHkwfe dk voyksdu fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA oLrqr% ;g
la?k"kZ 1818 bZ- rd jktLFkku es vaxzsth gLr{ksi rFkk loksZifjrk dh uhfr dk ifj.kke FkkA
& vkilh fooknks es eè;LFkrk& 1818 bZ- dh laf/;ksa es ;g fuf'pr fd;k x;k Fkk fd jkT;ksa ds vkilh fooknks dk fuiVkjk
daiuh ljdkj gh djsxhA ;g /kjk jkT;ksa ij daiuh dh lkoZHkkSe lÙkk rFkk jkT;kas dh v/huLFk fLFkfr dks çekf.kr djrh gSA ;fn
fdlh 'kkld us bldk mYya?ku fd;k rks mlds fo:¼ l[r dne mBk;s x;sA
& jktk rFkk lkearks dk fookn& 1818 bZ- laf/;ksa ds ckn jktkvksa dks lkearksa dh lSfud lsok dh vko';drk ugh jghA vr%
jktkvksa us lkearksa dh 'kfDr dks u"V djuk rFkk mudh tkxhjs [kkylk djuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA ,slh fLFkfr es lkearksa dks vfLrRo
j{kk gsrq vaxzstks dh 'kj.k es vkuk iM+kA
;|fi 1818 bZ- dh laf/ es daiuh ljdkj Li"V :i ls vkarfjd ekeyksa es gLr{ksi ugh djus dk opu fd;k FkkA ysfdu
ujs'kksa rFkk lkearksa ds chp fooknksa us vaxsztksa dks gLr{ksi dk volj çnku dj fn;kA vaxzstksa us jktk rFkk lkearksa es ls tks i{k
vaxsztksa ds fgrks ds vuqdy w Fkk mlh dk i{k fy;kA vaxsztks us dksVk jkT; ls dh xbZ laf/ esa >kyk tkfye flag rFkk mlds
oa'ktksa dks laiw.kZ lÙkk lkSia dj x`g;q¼ ds cht cks fn;sA mUgksus 1838 bZ- es vius Ñik ik=k enu flag >kyk ds fy, dksVk jkT;
dk vax&Hkax dj vyx >kykokM+ jkT; dh LFkkiuk dj nhA bl uhfr us dksVk jkT; ds tu lk/kj.k dks vaxsztks dk 'k=kq cuk
fn;kA
& mÙkjkf/dkj fookn& vaxsztksa dh loksPZ prk çnf'kZr djus dh Hkkouk jktLFkku ds jkT;ksa es gksus okys mÙkjkf/dkj fooknksa es
fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA tgka dgh Hkh bl çdkj dk fookn mRiUu gksrk ;k xksn ysus ds fy, vuqefr dk ç'u mBrk] daiuh ljdkj us
ogka viuk gLr{ksi dj fn;kA
1823 bZ- esa Hkjriqj ds jktk j.kohj flag dh e`R;q gks xbZA mldk dksbZ iq=k u gksus ds dkj.k mÙkjkf/dkj dk fookn mRiUu gks
x;kA lkearksa ds leFkZu ls nqtZu'kky xíh ij cSBk fdUrq vaxsztksa us vius LokFkksZ ds dkj.k cyor falg dk i{k ysdj mls xíh
ij fcBk fn;k rFkk oS/ mÙkjkf/dkjh nqtuZ 'kky canh cuk fy;k x;kA 1815 bZ- es tc vyaoj dk jktk c[rkoj flag dh e`R;q gks
xbZ rc vaxzstksa us gLr{ksi djds jktflagklu cusflag dks ns fn;k rFkk ç'kklu cyoar flag dks fnyok fn;kA ;gh ugh 1826 bZ-
es vaxsztksa us jkT; dk foHkktu dj frtkjk cyoar flag dks fnyok fn;kA vaxsztksa us t;iqj ds jktk jkeflag dh vYio;Ldrk ds
dky es loksZPprk dk rdZ nsdj viuk fu;a=k.k LFkkfir dj fy;kA Li"V gS fd vaxzstksa us loksZifjrk dh vkM+ es vius LokFkksZ
dh iwfrZ ek=k dh Fkh] ftlls muds çfr vlarks"k c<rk tk jgk FkkA
& okf"kZd f[kjkt& 1818 bZ- dh laf/;ksa }kjk çR;sd jkT; }kjk vaxsztksa dks nh tkus okyh okf"kZd f[kjkt (Tax) dh jkf'k fu/kZfjr
dj nh xbZ Fkh] ;g f[kjkt vaxzstksa us jkT; ds lalk/uksa dk vakdyu fd, fcuk euekus rjhds ls fu/kZfjr fd;k FkkA f[kjkt rks
ejkBksa }kjk Hkh fy;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu og jkT; dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj rFkk fd'rksa es fy;k tkrk FkkA tcfd daiuh ljdkj
f[kjkt fu/kZfjr le; ij udn gh ysrh FkhA
okLro esa f[kjkt vaxzsth loksZPprk rFkk ns'kh jkT;ksa dh v/hurk dk lwpd FkkA dEiuh ds vf/dkfj;ksa us cyiwoZd bls olwy
Hkh fd;kA ftlds dkj.k jktLFkku dk tuekul vaxsztksa ls ?k`.kk djus yxkA
& vaxsztksa }kjk fu;af=kr lsuk dk xBu& 1818 bZ- dh laf/;ksa es vko';drk iM+us Ikj lSfud lgk;rk fn;k tkuk fu'p; fd;k
x;k Fkk] ysfdu daiuh us viuk opZLo LFkkfir djus ds fy;s ns'kh jkT;ksa dks vaxszt vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk fu;af=kr lsuk j[kus gsrq ckè;
fd;kA dksVk dafVutsaV] tks/iqj yhtu] esokM&Hkhy dksj vkfn blh çdkj dh iyVus FkhA bl lsuk dk [kpZ Hkh jktLFkku ds
jkT;ksa ij gh Fkksi fn;k x;kA
jktLFkku ds 'kkldksa dk bu lsokvksa ij dksbZ fu;a=k.k ugh FkkA bu lsukvksa es jktLFkku dh vkfnoklh rFkk yMkdw tkfr;ksa dks
HkrhZ fd;k x;kA bl çdkj vaxsztksa us bu tkfr;ksa dks vius çfr Lokeh HkDr cuk fy;kA ;gh ugh bl lsukvksa dh Nkouh
lkefjd n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ LFkkuksa ij LFkkfir dh xbZA bl uhfr ds dkj.k lkaerh lsuk vuqi;ksxh gks xbZ rFkk csjkstxkjh c<+us
yxhA
& daiuh ljdkj ds vf/dkjh& jktLFkku es vaxzstksa us viuk fu;a=k.k LFkkfir djus dh n`f"V ls vtesj es ,-th-th- dh fu;qfDr
dh xbZ leLr jktLFkku ds jkT; blds v/hu FksA bls 13 rksiksa dh lykeh nh tkrh FkhA bldk ntkZ tks/iqj rFkk t;iqj ds
'kkldksa ls Hkh Åij FkkA
,-th-th- ds v/hu fofHkUu jkT;ksa es iksfyfVdy ,stsUV FksA iksfyfVdy ,stsUV rFkk jkT; ds chp ,stUlh odhy gksrk FkkA ;s
lHkh vf/dkjh jkT;kas ds vkarfjd ekeyks es gLr{ksi djrs FksA vusd ckj bUgksus jktk ds fo:¼ "kM+;a=k rFkk xqVcanh dks Hkh
çksRlkfgr fd;kA jktLFkku dh turk fczfV'k loksiZ fjrk ds çrhd daiuh ds bu çfrfuf/;ksa ls ?k`.kk djus yxh FkhA
& lkezkT;oknh vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k& jktuhfrd vjktdrk ds ckn Hkh 18oha lnh dk mÙkjk¼Z jktLFkku ds fy, vkfFkZd lEiUurk
dk ;qx FkkA e:Hkwfe okys jkT;ksa dks O;kikfjd ekxksZ ds dkj.k i;kZIr vk; gksrh FkhA eè; ,f'k;k ls mÙkj&if'pe Hkkjr gksdj
if'pe leqUnz rVks rd O;kikfjd ekxZ jktLFkku ls xqtjrs FksA vkxjk ls jktLFkku gksdj fla/ dk ekxZ çeq[k O;kikfjd ekxZ FkkA
çR;sd jkT; es egRoiw.kZ O;kikfjd ekxZ FksA
jktLFkku ls ued] viQhe] :bZ cM+h ek=kk es fu;kZr gksrh FkhA duZy VkWM Lo;a fy[krs gS fd ;wjksi rFkk d'ehj dh oLrq,as
esokM es lqyHk FkhA tSlyesj tSls e:Hkwfe es fLFkr jkT; dks ikjxeu ls 3 yk[k :i;s okf"kZd vk; gksrh FkhA O;kikjh jktk rFkk
tkxhjnkjksa dks vko';drk gksus ij /u m/kj nsrs FksA gqf.M;ksa }kjk /u Hkstk tkrk FkkA pq: ds fetkZey iksrnkj dh fnYyh
'kk[kk ,d o"kZ es 5000 gqf.M;ksa dk ysunsu djrh FkhA
1818 dh laf/;ksa ds ckn vaxzsth vkfFkZd uhfr us jktLFkku ds vkfFkZd] O;kikfjd <kaps dk loZuk'k dj fn;kA vaxzst ljdkj us
ikjxeu O;kikj vaxt sz h {ks=k ds O;kikj ekxksZ ls fd, tkus dh fn'kk es dk;Z fd;sA blls jktLFkku es vaxszth lkeku dh [kir c<+
xbZA nwljk] blls vaxzstksa dh O;kikfjd djksa ls vk; c<+ xbZA vaxzstksa us jktLFkku ls vaxzsth {ks=k es vkus okys eky ij dj c<+k
fn;sA blls jktLFkku ds O;kikfjd ekxksZ ls eky ykuk ys tkuk egaxk gksus yxkA vaxzstksa us cEcbZ dk fodkl fd;kA ftlls
jktLFkku gksdj leqnz rd tkus okys O;kikfjd ekxZ Lor% lekIr gks x;sA vaxzstksa us jktLFkku es lSfud mís';ksa ls ekxZ fodflr
fd,A blls jktLFkku ds ijaijkxr O;kikfjd uxj tks bu u;s ekxksZ ij ugh Fks] mtMus yxsA tSlyesj] ukxkSj] ikyh] ekyiqjk dk
O;kikfjd egRo lekIr gksus yxkA
t;iqj jkT; dks 1820 bZ- esa lhek 'kqYdks ls gksus okys lk<s ikap yk[k :i;s dh vk; 1850 bZ- es ?kVdj ,d yk[k ipkl
gtkj :i;s jg xbZA tks/iqj] chdkusj] dksVk] mn;iqj jkT;ksa dh vk; Hkh blh çdkj ?kVdj ,d pkSFkkbZ jg xbZA
& O;kikfj;ksa dk fu"Øe.k& 1818 bZ- ds ckn jktLFkku ls O;kikfj;kas dk fu"Øe.k vkjaHk gqvkA vaxsztks us ,d vksj tgka jktLFkku
ds O;kikj dks u"V fd;k ogh mUgksus jktLFkku ds O;kikfj;ksa dks vaxzstksa {ks=kksa es jgus ij lqfo/k;sa çnku dhA mUgsa fu'kqYd Hkwfe]
m/kj olwyh dh xkjaVh o eky ifjogu dh lqj{kk dk vk'oklu fn;k x;kA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd jktLFkku es jkstxkj ds lk/u
lekIr gks x;sA O;kikfjd ekxksZ dh lqj{kk ds cnys lkearks dks O;kikfj;ksa ls gksus okyh vk; lekIr gks x;hA lkFk gh muls feyus
okys jkstxkj ds L=kksr Hkh u"V gks x;sA
& viQhe uhfr& esokM+] dksVk] >kykokM+] çrkix<+ çeq[k viQhe mRiknd jkT; FksA viQhe bu jkT;ksa dh gh ugh buds O;kikfj;ksa
rFkk Ñ"kdksa dh laiUurk dk vk/kj FkhA vaxsztksa us bu jkT;ksa ls le>kSrksa ds }kjk viQhe ds O;kikj ij fu;a=k.k dj fy;kA bu
le>kSrksa }kjk bu jkT;ksa dks {kfriwfrZ dh jkf'k fu/kZfjr dj nh xbZA ysfdu ;g jkf'k bu jkT;ksa dks viQhe O;kikj ls gksus okyh
vk; ls de FkhA bu jkT;ksa us bl uhfr dk fojks/ Hkh fd;kA ysfdu vaxsztks us blls ifjorZu ugh fd;kA vaxszth uhfr ls rLdj
O;kikj dks Hkh çksRlkfgr feykA vaxsztksa us fdlkuks dks viQhe dh [ksrh ds fy;s foo'k fd;kA blds iQyLo:i [kk|kUu
mRiknu ?kVus yxkA
& /kfeZd ,oa lkekftd ifjn`';& 1818 bZ- dh laf/;ksa us jktLFkku ds tu&thou dks pgqvksj ls çHkkfor fd;kA vaxt sz ksa us
vius lkezkT;oknh fgrks ds iks"k.k dks fy;s çR;sd ijaijkxr laLFkk rFkk fu;eksa es VwVu iSnk dj nhA
cM+h la[;k esa bZlkbZ fe'kufj;ksa us jktLFkku es ços'k fd;kA bu bZlkbZ çpkjdksa dks daiuh ljdkj ds vf/dkfj;ks dk iw.kZ lg;ksx
fey jgk FkkA budk mís'; bZlkbZ /eZ çpkj }kjk fczfV'k 'kklu ds leFkZd oxZ dh la[;k c<+kuk FkkA ysfdu nwljh vkSj jktLFkku
dk 'kkld rFkk lkear oxZ vaxzstksa dks çlUu djus ds fy;s mudh uhfr;ks es lgk;d cuk gqvk FkkA blls jktLFkku dh /eZ
Hkh:turk es vaxsztksa ds çfr ?k`.kk c<+rh tk jgh FkhA vaxsztks us lkekftd lq/kjksa ds uke ij jktLFkku ds lkekftd <kaps dks
rksMus dk dk;Z fd;kA blls jktLFkku dk tuekul vaxsztksa ds çfr 'kadkyq gks mBk FkkA
bl foospuk ls Li"V gS fd 1857 bZ- vkrs&vkrs jktLFkku vkfFkZd n`f"V ls daxky gks pqdk FkkA jktLFkku ds fy, vaxzstksa
dh vkfFkZd uhfr;ka vf/d d"Vnk;d çekf.kr gqbZA 'kkld rFkk lkear oxZ Hkh viuh fLFkfr ls larq"V ugh FkkA tulk/kj.k vaxsztksa
ds fo:¼ vkØksf'kr FkkA fdUrq usr`Rofofgurk ds dkj.k 1857 bZ- ds iwoZ rd jktLFkku es vaxzstks ds fo:¼ dksbZ cM+k la?k"kZ ugh
fd;kA
jktLFkku esa Økafr dk çlkj ,oa mlds çeq[k dsUnz
1857 bZ- es Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk vaxt sz h lÙkk dks l'kL=k pqukSrh vk/qfud Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dh egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA vf/dk'k ik'pkR;
bfrgkldkjks us bls lSfud fonzksg ekuk gS ijarq bls Lohdkj dj ysuk bfrgkl ds lkFk vU;k; gh gksxkA eqxy lezkV cgknqj 'kkg
f}rh; ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj ds dkj.k Hkkjr ds fgUnw rFkk eqlyekuksa es leku :i ls vkØks'k FkkA MygkSth ds xksn fu"ks/ ds fl¼kar
us Hkkjrh; 'kkld oxZ dks vaxt sz ksa ds çfr 'kadkyq cuk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; 'kkld rFkk leku vaxszt vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk yxkrkj gLr{ksi
ds dkj.k NViVk mBs FksA ;gh ugh vaxzstksa us lkekftd lq/kjksa ds uke ij LFkkfir jhfr fjoktksa ,oa ijaijkvksa ls NsM&NkM+ vkjaHk
dj nh Fkh] bZlkbZ /eZ ds çpkj ,oa fe'kufj;ksa dks laj{k.k fn, tkus ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; vaxszth 'kklu ls ?k`.kk djus yxs FksA vaxzstksa
dh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k Hkkjrh;kas dh xjhch c<+ jgh FkhA
Hkkjr esa Lora=krk laxkz e dk Jh x.ks'k bZLV bf.M;k daiuh dh lsukvkas ds Hkkjrh; lSfudksa us fd;kA bldk rkRdkyhu
dkj.k ,uiQhYM jkbiQys FkhA bu jkbiQyksa es ç;ksx fd, tkus okys dkjrwl dh Vksih (dsi) dks nkarks ls gVkuk iM+rk FkkA bu
dkjrwlksa dks fpduk djus ds fy;s xk; rFkk lwvj dh pchZ dke es ykbZ tkrh FkhA bldk irk pyrs gh Hkkjrh; lSfudksa esa vaxszt
'kkldksa ds fo:¼ fonzksg HkM+d mBkA lSfud ;g le> x;s fd vaxzst mUgsa /eZ Hkz"V djuk pkgrs gSA
;gh dkj.k Fkk fd Lora=krk laxzke dk çkjaHk fu;r frfFk ls igys gh gks x;kA 26 iQjojh1857 bZ- dks cjgkeiqj Nkouh ds
lSfudks us bu dkjrwlkas dks ç;ksx es ysus ls euk dj fn;kA bl lSfud VqdMh dks vaxsztksa }kjk Hkax dj fn;k x;kA 29 ekpZ 1857 bZ-
dks cSjdiqj Nkouh dh 24oha jsthesUV ds flikgh eaxyik.Mssa us dkjrwlksa ds ç;ksx dk fojks/ djrs gq, vius vaxt sz vf/dkjh dks
xksyh ekj nhA eaxy ik.Ms dks fxjÝrkj dj iQkalh ns nh xbZA 10 ebZ dks esjB Nkouh ds Hkkjrh; lSfudksa us fonzksg dj fn;kA lSfudksa
ds bl fonzksg dks is'kok ukuk lkgc] >kalh dh jkuh y{eh ckbZ] rkR;k Vksis] dqoja flag rFkk eqxy lezkV cgknqj'kkg tiQj us usrR` o
dj Lora=krk laxzke es ifj.kr dj fn;kA
laiw.kZ Hkkjrh; mi egk}hi es jktLFkku dh fo'ks"k fLFkfr FkhA Hkkjrh; 'kkldksa ds fu;a=k.k esa bruk fo'kky jkT; {ks=k va;=k ugh
FkkA jktLFkku es daiuh dh lsuk dh 6 lSfud Nkofu;ka FkhA vtesj ds fudV ulhjkckn] uhep] nsoyh] C;koj] ,sjuiqjk rFkk
[kSjokM+kA
;|fi jktLFkku es txg&txg vaxzsth lsuk ds dsUnz Fks] ysfdu bues vaxzst lSfud ugh FksA nsoyh es dksVk dfUVtsUV] C;koj es
esj jsthesUV] ,sjuiqjk es tks/iqj yhtu] [kSjokM+k es Hkhy dksj rFkk ulhjkckn es caxky usfVo bUiQSUVªh FkhA bu lHkh Nkofu;ksa es
Hkkjrh;ksa lSfudksa dh la[;k yxHkx 5000 FkhA
jktLFkku ds ,-th-th- tkWtZ iSfVªd ykWjsUl dks esjB ds la?k"kZ dh lwpuk 19 ebZ] 1857 bZ- dks çkIr gqbZA lwpuk feyrs gh mlus
jktLFkku ds lHkh ds lHkh 'kkldksa dks i=k fy[kdj funsZ'k fn;k fd og vius&vius jkT;ksa es 'kkafr O;oLFkk cuk, j[ksa] Økafrdkfj;ksa
dks viuh lhekvksa es ços'k u djus nsa rFkk ;fn ços'k dj fy;k gks] rks mUgsa rRdky canh cuk fy;k tkosA mlus ;g Hkh funsZ'k
fn;k fd ;s jkT; viuh lsukvksa dks vaxszth Hkkjr dh lhekvksa ds fudV j[ks rkfd vko';drk iM+us ij mldh lgk;rk yh tk
ldsA
jktLFkku ds lHkh jkT;ksa ds 'kkldksa us ,-th-th- ds bl funs'Z k dk ikyu rRijrk ls fd;kA tks/iqj rFkk esokM+ ds jktkvksa us
viuh laiw.kZ lSU; 'kfDr lefiZr djus ds çLrko HkstAs mudk vuqdj.k vU; 'kkldks us Hkh fd;kA
eq[; ?kVukØe
1- ulhjkckn & 27 ebZ 1857 dks ;wjksih; lsuk o rksi ek¡xokus dh xqIr ;kstuk ls Hkkjrh;ksa esa vlUrks"k iQSy x;k ftlds
dkj.k 28 ebZ dks 15oha usfVo baiQsUVªh ds flikgh c[rkoj flag us duZy iSuh o U;wcjh ds VqdM+s&VqdM+s
djds ØkfUr dks fcxqy ctk fn;kA
2- uhep & 2 twu] 1857 dks lSU; vf/dkjh duZy ,cksV us ulhjkckn ds fonzksg dh lwpuk feyrs gh lSfudksa dks
drZO; ikyu dh 'kiFk fnykbZ xbZ ysfdu bldk fojks/ eksgEen vyh csx us vaxzstksa ls drZO; iwNdj
fd;kA
& 3 twu] 1857 dks lEiw.kZ Nkouh ds f?kj tkus ij vf/dkfj;ksa dks Mwxa yk xk¡o ds :axkjke fdlku ds ?kj
tkdj 'kj.k ysuh iM+h vkSj ikWfyfVdy ,tsUV dsIVu 'kkolZ dks esokM+ ds egkjk.kk Lo:i flag us txefUnj
o tx fuokl esa 'kj.k nhA
3- nsoyh & twu 1857 esa uhep ds ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us nsoyh dks vkx ds gokys dj fn;k vkSj fczfV'k vf/dkfj;ksa dks
tgktiqj (HkhyokM+k) esa 'kj.k ysuh iM+hA
4- ,sjuiqjk & 23 vxLr 1857 dks eksrh [kk¡] fryd jke o 'khryizlkn us ,sjuiqjk Nkouh esa ØkfUr dk fcxqy ctk fn;k
^^pyks fnYyh vkSj ekjks fiQjaxh** dk ukjk nsrs gq, fnYyh dh vksj izLFkku fd;k vkSj jkLrs esa vkmok ds
Bkdqj dq'kky flag pEikor dk usr`Ro izkIr fd;kA
5- vkmok & vkmok tks/iqj ls 80 fd-eh- nwj ikyh dk xk¡o Fkk ;gk¡ fd turk rRdkyhu ekjokM+ 'kkld r[rflag ds
vR;kpkjksa ls vizlUu FkhA blfy, ,sjuiqjk ds ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks vkmok ds Bkdqj dq'kky flag vkyf.kokl
Bkdqj vthr flag rFkk vU; NksVs&NksVs tkxhjnkjksa dh lSU; lgk;rk izkIr dhA
fo'ks"k & ifj.kker% fonzksg dks nckus ds fy, A.G.G. ykjsUl cEcbZ dh 12oha jsftesUV rFkk r[rflag dh lsuk lfgr
vkmok dh vksj igq¡pk vkSj 8 flrEcj] 1857 dks vaxsztksa dh la;qDr lsuk rFkk Økafrdkfj;ksa ds eè;
fcBqj@fcFkkSjk dk ;q¼ gqvk ftlesa dq'kky flag pEikor ds usr`Ro esa Økafrdkfj;ksa us vaxzsth lsuk@jktdh;
lsuk ds 76 O;fDr;ksa dks ekj fxjk;k rFkk mudh rksiksa os xksyk ck:n ij dCtk dj fn;kA
& 18 flrEcj] 1857 dks fcBqjk dh ijkt; ds i'pkr~ A.G.G. ykWjsUl ikWfyfVdy ,tasV th-,iQ- eksdeslu
ds lkFk lsuk lfgr vkmok igqp ¡ k vkSj bl Hkh"k.k ;q¼ esa dbZ lSfud o fczfV'k vf/dkjh ekjs x;s rFkk th-
,siQ- eksdeslu dk flj /M+ ls vyx djds fot; ds izrhd ds :i esa vkmok ds fdys ds njokts ij
yVdk fn;k ftls lwpuk feyrs gh pEikor us llEeku vfUre laLdkj fd;kA
& 20 tuojh 1858 dks rRdkyhu xoZuj tujy ykMZ dsfuax us fczxsfM;j gksEl ds usr`Ro esa fo'kky lsuk Hksth
vkSj r[rflag dh la;qDr lsuk ds lkFk vkmok ij vkØe.k dj fn;kA
& 5 fnu ?ksjk Mkyus ds i'pkr~ fu;qDr fdysnkj dks fj'or nsdj vaxt sz fdys esa ?kqlus esa liQy gks x,
ysfdu dq'kky flag pEikor o"kkZ o jkr dk iQk;nk mBkdj lywEcj ds igkM+ksa esa Hkkx x;kA grk'k vaxzstksa
us pkj fnu dh Hk;adj ywVikr o ekjdkV ds ckn vkmok ds fdys dks tu'kwU; dj fn;kA rFkk vius lkFk
pEikor dh dqynsoh 54 gkFk okyh vkSj 10 flj okyh lqxkyh ekrk dh ewfrZ vtesj ys x;s tks orZeku
esa ikyh laxgz ky; esa gSA
uksV% & dq'kkyflag dks lywEcj ds jkor dsljhflag pwMkor us 'kj.k nh Fkh vkSj dq'kkyflag ds fonzksg dh tk¡p ds
fy;s ^Vsyj vk;ksx* xfBr fd;k x;kA
& 1870 esa dq'kkyflag pEikor ds iq=k nsohflag pEikor dks vkmok dh tkxhj iqu% izkIr gks xbZA
uksV% & mYys[kuh; gS 18 flrEcj 1857 dks yM+s x;s vkmok ds ;q¼ dks ^pSykokl dk ;q¼* dgk tkrk gS rFkk
vkmok o vaxsztksa ds eè; gq, la?k"kZ dks ^dkys xksjs dk ;q¼* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

6- dksVk & dksVk esa lSfud Nkouh jgh Fkh ;gk¡ fonzksg jktdh; lsuk o vke turk us fd;kA
& dksVk ds ikWfyfVdy ,tsaV estj cVZu Fks tks 12 vDVwcj] 1857 dks >kykokM+ o cwUnh dh jktdh; lsuk
lfgr dksVk igq¡p x;sA
& dksVk Økafrdkfj;ksa dk usr`Ro iwoZ ljdkjh odhy ykyk t;n;ky] esgjko [kk¡ dj jgs FksA
& 15 vDVwcj] 1857 dks 2000 tkckat Økafrdkfj;ksa esa ls nks Hkokuh o ukjk;.k us ikWfyfVdy ,tsUV cVZu o
,d MkWDVj 'ksMyj o Hkkjrh; bZlkbZ 'kSfoy dh gR;k dj nhA
& cVZu ds flj dks dkVdj lEiw.kZ dksVk esa ?kqek;k rFkk dksVk ds 'kkld egkjko jkeflag dks utjcan dj
fn;k rFkk N% ekg rd dksVk ij ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk vf/dkj jgkA
& 30 ekpZ] 1858 dks estj tujy jkWcVZ~l ds usr`Ro esa vaxszth lsuk us ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks gjkus esa liQyrk
izkIr dh rFkk t;n;ky o esgjko [kk¡ dks iQk¡lh nsnh xbZA
uksV% & mYys[kuh; jktiwrkuk esa vaxzstksa ds fo:¼ dksVk tSlk lqfu;ksftr o lqfu;af=kr la?k"kZ jktLFkku esa vU;=k
dgh ugha gqvk dksVk ,dek=k fj;klr Fkh tgk¡ ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us 'kkld dks utjcan djds 'kklu dh ckxMksj
vius gkFk esa yhA
& djkSyh ds egkjkoy enuiky us dksVk ds 'kkld egkjkoy jkeflag f}rh; dks Økafrdkfj;ksa dh dSn ls
eqDr djk;kA
7- /kSyiqj & vDVwcj 1857 esa Xokfy;j o bUnkSj ds ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us jko jkepUnz o ghjkyky ds usr`Ro esa LFkkuh;
lSfudksa dh lgk;rk ls 'kklu ij vf/dkj dj fy;k vkSj nks ekg rd /kSyiqj ds 'kkld dks vf/dkj
foghu j[kkA
& fnlEcj 1857 dks ifV;kyk dh lsuk us vkdj fonzkgs lekIr fd;kA
uksV% & mYys[kuh; gS /kSyiqj dk fonzksg ,dek=k ,slk fonzksg jgk gS ftlus ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds gkFk esa jgh vkSj ØkfUr
dks nckus dk dk;Z Hkh jkT; ds ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us fd;kA
& mYys[kuh; gS fd jkepUnz&ghjkyky /kSyiqj dh rksi dks vkxjk ysdj Hkkx x;sA
8- Vksad & twu] 1857 esa rRdkyhu ucko o vaxsztksa ds pgsrs othj [kk¡ ds fo:¼ ekek ehj vkye [kk¡ HkkbZ eksbuqíhu
o [kku cgknqj us fonzksg dj fn;k ysfdu mUgsa ekj fn;k x;k rRi'pkr~ uhep Nkouh ds ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks
LFkkuh; yksxksa dh lgk;rk ls uokc dk fdyk ?ksjdj cdk;k osru olwy fd;k vkSj fnYyh dh vksj py
x;sA
vU; LFkku
1- djkSYkh & djkSyh esa eksgEen [kk¡ ds usr`Ro esa fonzksg gqvk ftlus fg.MkSu dh igkM+h ij fonzksg fd;k x;k] ysfdu
djkSyh ds 'kkld enuiky us eksgEen [kk¡ dh gR;k djokdj vaxzst HkfDr dk ifjp; fn;kA
2- vtesj & 9 vxLr] 1857 dks vtesj ds dkjkxkj esa fonzksg gqvk vkSj 60 dSnh Hkkx x,A
3- Hkjriqj & Hkjriqj esa rRdkyhu le; ij vYio;Ld tloUr flag dk 'kklu Fkk blfy, ikWfyfVdy ,stsUV eksfjlu us
'kklu dh ckxMksj vius gkFk esa ys j[kh FkhA
& ;gk¡ 31 ebZ] 1857 dks ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us 20 vaxzst vf/dkfj;ksa dks cU/d cuk fy;k rFkk dqN fnuksa ds
fy, 'kklu dh ckxMksj gkFk esa ys yhA
4- vyoj & 1857 dh Økafr ds le; Økafrdkfj;ksa us vkxjk ds nqxZ esa vaxszt vf/dkfj;ksa (ifjokjks)a dks dSn dj
fy;kA ftls fjgk djokus ds fy;s fou;flag fo'kky lsuk ysdj vyoj ls jokuk gqvkA ysfdu 11 tqykbZ]
1857 dks vpusjk (Hkjriqj) ds ikl fonzksfg;ksa us fou;flag dk lkjk [ktkuk ywV fy;kA
5- vkcw & 21 vxLr] 1857 dks fonzksfg;ksa us vkcw ds ikWfyfVdy ,tsUV ,DystsUMj o A.G.G. ykWjsUl dks f[kM+fd;ksa
ls xksyh pykdj cqjh rjg ?kk;y dj fn;k vkSj [ktkuk ywVdj ,sjuiqjk Hkkx x;sA
rkaR;k Vksis dk jktLFkku vkxeu
1857 bZ- ds Lora=krk laxkz e es rkaR;k Vksis dk jktLFkku vkxeu egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA rkaR;k Vksis dh bl ;k=kk us tkxhjnkjksa lSfudksa
rFkk tu&lk/kj.k esa mÙkstuk dk lapkj fd;kA Xokfy;j es vliQy gksus ij rkaR;k Vksis lgk;rk dh vk'kk es gkM+kSrh gksrs gq, t;iqj
dh vksj c<+kA lgk;rk u feyus ij og ykylksV gksrs gq, Vksad vk x;kA fczxsfM;j gksEl mldk ihNk dj jgk FkkA Vksad es lsuk us
mldk leFkZu fd;kA ;gka ls og lywacj pyk x;kA lywacj ds jkor us mldh lgk;rk dhA vaxsztksa us rkaR;k Vksis dks 9 vxLr
1858 dks gjk;k ikap fnu ckn cukl unh ds rV ij iqu% rkaR;k Vksis s dh ijkt; gqbAZ blds ckn rkaR;k gkM+kSrh es vk x;k rFkk
mlus >kyjkikVu ij vf/dkj dj fy;kA LFkkuh; turk us mls iw.kZ lg;ksx fn;kA ysfdu blds ckn flracj ekg es gh vaxsztksa us
mls nks ckj gjk;kA foo'k rkaR;k Vksis jktLFkku ls pyk x;kA
fnlEcj 1858 bZ- es rkaR;k Vksis iqu% jktLFkku vk;k rFkk ckalokM+k ij vf/dkj dj fy;kA ;gka ls og laycw j vk;kA ;gka mls
iwjh lgk;rk nh xbZA Vksis nkSlk rFkk lhdj Hkh x;kA ;gka vaxzsth lsukvksa us mls ijkftr dj [knsM+ fn;kA ujoj ds tkxhjnkj ekuflag
us fo'okl?kkr djds rkaR;ka Vksis dks vaxsztks ds gkFkksa idM+ok fn;kA vçSy 1859 bZ- es rkaR;k Vksis dks iQkalh ns nh xbZA
rkaR;k Vksis dks lgk;rk nsus ds vkjksi esa vaxsztksa us lhdj ds lkeUr dks canh cuk fy;k rFkk 1862 bZ- esa mls e`R;qn.M ns
fn;kA
Økafr ds le; vaxzstksa dk lkFk nsus okyh fofHkUu Økafrdkjh LFkyksa ij fuEu frfFk;ksa dks Økafr dk vkxkt
fj;klrh fd;k x;k
fj;klr 'kkld fj;klr 'kkld
t;iqj jkeflag f}rh; ulhjkckn 28 ebZ 1857
tks/iqj r[rflag uhep 3 twu 1857
dksVk jkeflag ,sjuiqj 23 vxLr 1857
fcBqjk 8 flrEcj 1857
mn;iqj egkjk.kk Lo:i flag vkmok 18 flrEcj 1857
vyoj fou;flag vkmok f}rh; 20 tuojh 1858
djkSyh enuiky dksVk 18 vDVwcj 1857
/kSyiqj HkxoUr flag
Vksd
a ucko othj [kk¡ Vksd
a twu 1857
Lora=krk laxzke dh vliQyrk ds dkj.k
21 flrEcj 1857 bZ- dks eqxy ckn'kkg cgknqj 'kkg mudh csxe thur egy rFkk muds iq=kksa dks canh cukdj jaxwu Hkst fn;k x;kA
1858 bZ- ds eè; es Økafr dh xfr dkiQh /heh gks pqdh FkhA rkaR;k Vksis dh fxjÝrkjh ds lkFk gh Hkkjrh;ksa dk çFke Lora=krk
laxzke jktLFkku es lekIr gks x;kA
jktLFkku es bl le; rhoz fczfV'k fojks/h Hkkouk fn[kkbZ nhA turk us vaxzstksa ds fo:¼ ?k`.kk dk [kqyk çn'kZu fd;kA egkjk.kk
ls feyus tkrs le; mn;iqj dh turk us dIrku 'kkolZ dks [kqysvke xkfy;kW nhA tks/iqj dh lsuk us dIrku lnj yS.M ds Lekjd
ij iRFkj cjlk;sA dksVk] Hkjriqj] vyoj rFkk Vksd a dh turk us 'kkldksa dh uhfr ds fo:¼ Økafrdkfj;ksa dk lkFk fn;kA fiQj Hkh
jktLFkku esa Økafr vliQy gqbZA blds v/ksfyf[kr dkj.k Fks&
usr`Ro dk vHkko
jktLFkku 18 jkT;ks es foHkkftr FkkA vusd LFkkuksa ij Økafr gksus Ikj Hkh fonzksfg;ks dk dksbZ loZekU; usr`Ro ugh FkkA jktiwr 'kkldksa
us esokM+ ds egkjk.kk ls liadZ fd;kA fdUrq egkjk.kk us bl laca/ esa leLr i=k O;ogkj vaxzstksa dks lkSai fn;kA ekjokM+ ds lkearksa
rFkk lSfudks us eqxy ckn'kkg ds usr`Ro es la?k"kZ dk ç;kl fd;kA fdarq eqxy ckn'kkg fnYyh ls ckgj jktLFkku es usr`Ro çnku ugh
dj ldkA iQyr% Økafrdkjh ,dtqV gksdj la?k"kZ ugh dj lds rFkk mUgsa vliQy gksuk iM+kA
leUo; dk vHkko
jktLFkku esa Økafr dk çLiQqVu vusd LFkkukas ij gqvkA ysfdu Økafrdkfj;ksa ds chp leUo; dk vHkko FkkA ulhjkckn] uhep] vkÅok
rFkk dksVk ds Økafrdkfj;kas es laidZ rFkk rkyesy ugh FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjrh;ksa dks liQyrk çkIr ugh gqbAZ
j.kuhfr dk vHkko
Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ç;kl ;kstukc¼ ugh FksA fonzksg ds i'pkr mues fc[kjko vkrk pyk x;kA nwljh vkSj vaxszth us ;kstukc¼ <ax ls
Økafrdkfj;ksa dh 'kfDr dks u"V fd;kA vaxszth lsukvksa dk usr`Ro dq'ky lSU; vf/dkjh dj jgs FksA mudh jln rFkk gfFk;kjksa dh
vkiwfrZ laiw.kZ Hkkjr ls gks jgh FkhA tcfd Økafrdkjh lSfudksa ds ikl lk/uksa dk vHkko FkkA mnkgj.kkFkZ] dksVk rFkk /kSyiqj ds
'kkldksa dks Økafr dks nckus ds fy;s vaxzstksa ds vfrfjDr djkSyh rFkk ifV;kyk ls lgk;rk nh xbZ FkhA
'kkldksa dk vlg;ksx
jktLFkku ds 'kkldksa dk lg;ksx ugh feyuk Hkh vliQyrk dk çeq[k dkj.k FkkA ;gh ugh] jktLFkku ds vf/dka'k 'kkldksa us u
dsoy jktLFkku cfYd jktLFkku ds ckgj Hkh vaxzstksa dks iw.kZ lgk;rk çnku dhA 'kkldksa dh bl ns'knzksgh uhfr us m[kM+h gqbZ fczfV'k
lÙkk dh iquZLFkkiuk es egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA
Lora=krk laxzke ds ifj.kke
1857 bZ- dk Økafr ds ifj.kke nwjxkeh FksA bl Økafr us vaxt sz ksa dh bl /kj.kk dks fujk/kj fl¼ dj fn;k fd eqxyks ,oa ejkBks dh
ywV ls =kLr jktLFkku dh turk fczfV'k 'kklu dh leFkZd gS&
ns'kh jkT;ksa ds çfr uhfr ifjorZu
jktLFkku ds 'kkldksa us Økafr ds çokg dks jksdus gsrq cka/ dk dk;Z fd;k FkkA vaxszt 'kkldksa us ;g le> fy;k fd Hkkjr ij
'kklu dh n`f"V ls ns'kh jktk muds fy;s mi;ksxh gSA vr% vc fczfV'k uhfr es ifjorZu fd;k x;kA 'kkldksa dks larq"V djus gsrq
^^xksn fu"ks/** dk fl¼kar lekIr dj fn;k x;kA jktkvksa dh vaxzsth f'k{kk nh{kk dk çca/ fd;k tkus yxkA mudh lsokvksa ds fy;s
mUgsa iqjLdkj rFkk mikf/;ka nh xbZ] rkfd mues fczfV'k rkt rFkk if'peh lH;rk ds çfr vkLFkk es o`f¼ gks ldsA
lkearksa dh 'kfDr u"V djuk
fonzksg dky esa lkear oxZ us vaxsztksa ds fo:¼ la?k"kZ fd;kA iQyr% fonzksg lekfIr ds ckn vaxzstks us lkear oxZ dh 'kfDr lekIr
djus dh uhfr viukbZA lkearksa }kjk nh tkus okyh lSfud lsok ds cnys uxn jkf'k yh tkus yxhA iQyr% lkearks dks viuh lsuk;sa
Hkax djuh iMhA lkearksa ls U;k;ky; 'kqYd fy;k tkus yxkA muds U;kf;d vf/dkj Nhu fy;s x;s] mudk jkgnkjh 'kqYd olwyh dk
vf/dkj Hkh lekIr dj fn;k x;kA ,sls dkuwu cuk, x;s ftuls O;kikjh oxZ viuk ½.k U;k;ky; }kjk olwy dj ldsA bl uhfr
ds iQyLo:i O;kikjh oxZ rFkk turk ij lkearksa dk çHkko lekIr gkssus yxkA
ukSdj'kkgh es ifjorZu
lHkh jkT;ksa ds ç'kklu es egRoiw.kZ inks ij lkerksa dk vf/dkj FkkA Økafr ds ckn lHkh 'kkldksa us lkearks dks 'kfDrghu djus rFkk
ç'kklu ij viuk fu;a=k.k c<+kus ds fy, ukSdj'kkgh es vaxszth f'k{kk çkIr] vuqHkoh ,oa Lokeh HkDr O;fDr;ksa dks fu;qfDr çnku dhA
blds iQyLo:i jktHkDr] vaxzsth f'k{kk çkIr eè;e oxZ dk fodkl gqvkA
;krk;kr ds lk/u
la?k"kZ ds le; esa vaxzstksa dks lsuk;sa ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij Hkstus es dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA fonzksg ds i'pkr lSfud
rFkk O;kikfjd fgrksa dks è;ku es j[krs gq, ;krk;kr ds lk/uksa dk fodkl fd;k x;kA ulhjkckn] uhep] Mhlk rFkk nsoyh dks
vtesj rFkk vkxjk ls lM+dksa }kjk tksM fn;k x;kA jsy dEifu;ksa dks jsy ekxZ fuekZ.k gsrq çksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA vaxszt ljdkj us
ns'kh jkT;ksa ij Hkh lM+dks rFkk jsyksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq ncko Mkyk blds iQyLo:i ;krk;kr ds lk/uksa dk Rofjr fodkl gqvkA
lkekftd ifjorZu
vaxszth ljdkj us vaxszth f'k{kk i¼fr dk foLrkj fd;kA nwljh vksj vaxzsth f'k{kk dk egRo c<+ tkus ds iQyLo:i eè;e oxZ dk
fodkl gqvkA bl oxZ us vaxszth f'k{kk ysdj ç'kklu rFkk vU; {ks=kks es egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku çnku fd;kA vaxsztksa us vius O;kikfjd
LokFkksZ ds dkj.k oS'; oxZ dks laj{k.k çnku fd;kA dkukUrj es czkã.k rFkk jktiwr oxZ dk çHkko de gksrk pyk x;kA
Økafr dk Lo:i
;|fi jktLFkku es Økafr dk çkjaHk lsuk }kjk fd;k x;k] ysfdu bls iw.kZ :i ls lSfud fonzksg dguk mfpr ugh gksxkA esyhlu bls
^^'kkldksa ds fo:¼ lkearh çfrfØ;k** ekurs gSA ;g Bhd gS fd lkear vius LokFkksZ ds dkj.k bles lfEefyr gq, FksA ysfdu
tu lk/kj.k dk ,d gh mís'; Fkk vaxzstks dks ns'k ls fudky nsukA
jktLFkku es Økafr vaxzstksa ds fo:¼ lHkh oxksZ es O;kIr jks"k dk ifj.kke FkkA ulhjkckn] uhep rFkk ,sjuiqjk dk la?k"kZ Hkkjr
O;kih Lora=krk laxkz e dk gh vax FkkA tu lk/kj.k us Hkh bleas c<+&p<+dj Hkkx fy;k FkkA tu vkØks'k ds dkj.k gh Hkjriqj ds
jktk us eksjhlu dks jkT; NksM+ nsus dk ijke'kZ fn;k FkkA dksVk ds egkjko us Hkh blh dkj.k estj cVZu dks dksVk ugh vkus ds fy,
dgk FkkA tu vkØks'k ds dkj.k gh Vksad ds uokc us vaxzstksa dks vius jkT; dh lhek ls ugh xqtjus ds fy, dgk Fkk bl fo'ys"k.k
ls Li"V gS fd jktLFkku es 'kkldksa dks NksM+dj lHkh oxksZ us vaxzstksa ds fo:¼ la?k"kZ es Hkkx fy;kA jktLFkku ds tu lk/kj.k us
Hkkjr O;kih Lora=krk laxzke es viuh vkSj ls ;Fkk'kfDr lg;ksx çnku fd;kA fu%Llansg 1857 bZ- dk la?k"kZ jktLFkku es vaxzstksa dh
nklrk ls eqfDr dk laxa kz e FkkA
jktLFkku esa 1857 ds 'kghn
'kghn dk uke foIyo eas ;ksxnku
vCcko csx fetkZ dksVk jkT; dh lsuk es dk;Zjr (niQknkj)vCckl csx fetkZ us fczfV'k lsuk vkSj dksVk ds egkjko
dh lsuk ds fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+sA
vdcj [kk¡u esgjko [kk¡u dk lg;ksxh] bUgksus fczfV'k ljdkj vkSj dksVk jkT; ds fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+sA
1858 esa canh cuk, x, vkSj ekj Mkys x,A
vyhe [kk¡u] giQht mu&mej Vksd
a ds uokc d fo:¼ fd, x, vkØe.k dk laxBudrkZ] vaxt sz ksa ds fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+s
vkSj ohjxfr dks çkIr gq,A
HkSa: flag tks/k xsjkvks dk tkxhjnkj HkS:flag vkmok ds ;q¼ esa ohjxfr dks çkIr gqvkA
xqy eksgEen dksVk jkT; dh lsuk dk thenkj ,oa fonzksgh usrk esgjko [kk¡u dk NksVk HkkbZ] fczfV'k lsuk o
dksVk egkjko dh lsuk ds fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+sA
xqy eksgEen] fu'kkUph gkfiQt Vksad jkT; dh lsuk ds cUnwdph] Vksad ls fnYyh dh vksj tkus okyh fonzksgh lsuk ds lkFk
vaxsztks ds fo:¼ ;q¼ yM+k vkSj fnYyh es ohjxfr dks çkIr gq,A
gjn;ky HkVukxj dksVk jkT; esa dk;Zjr Jh gjn;ky HkVukxj us tujy jkcVZ dh lsuk ds fo:¼ fonzksgh lsuk dk
usr`Ro fd;k vkSj ohj xfr dks çkIr gq,A
gjukFkflag Bkdqj tujy ykjsUl ds fo:¼ vkÅok ;q¼ es Hkkx fy;k vkSj ohjxfr dks çkIr gq,A
ghjkflag fonzksfg;ks ds lkFkh ghjkflag us dksVk jkT; es fczfV'k lsuk vkSj dksVk ds egkjko dh lsuk ds
fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+s vkSj ohjxfr dks çkIr gq,A
ykyk tk;n;ky HkVukxj dksVk jkT; ds fonzksfg;ks dk laxBudrkZ vkSj çeq[k usrk] dksVk egkjko ds }kjk budh fxjÝrkjh
ds fu, 10 gtkj :i, dh ?kks"k.kkA 1860 esa vaxzstks }kjk iQkalhA
ft;kyky fuEckgsMk+ ds eq[; iVsy] dIrku 'kkolZ ds vkns'kksa dk ikyu u djuk] fonzksgh lsuk dk xBu]
vaxsztksa ds fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+s] canh cuk, x, vkSj ekj Mkys x,A
dkenkj [kk¡u dksVk jkT; ess IkkVuiksy ;q¼ es dksVk ds egkjko dh lsuk ds fo:¼ yM+rs gq, ohjxfr dks çkIr
gq,A
[kaokl [kk¡u miQZ ,okt [kkau 15 vDVwcj] 1857 dks bUgksus fczfV'k ,tsaV ds ?kj ij fd, x, vkØe.k dk usr`Ro fd;kA ,tsV
dh gR;k dj nh xbZA vr% vaxzstksa us bUgs iQkalh ns nhA
esgjkc [kk¡u dksVk jkT; dh lsuk ds fjlkynkj us vDVwcj] 1857 ds ;q¼ es fonzksfg;ks dk lkFk fn;kA 1859
esa canh cuk, x, vkSj 1860 eas iQkalh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA
eksgEen [kk¡u dksVk jkT; esa fjlkynkj ds in ij dk;Zjr eksgEen [kkau us fonzksfg;ksa dk lkFk fn;k vkSj
vaxsztksa }kjk canh cuk fy, x, rFkk ekj Mkys x,A
equOoj [kk¡u Vksd
a jkT; dh lsuk ds flikgh equOoj [kkau us fonzksgh lsu ds lkFk feydj fczfV'k lsuk dk
fojks/ fd;k vkSj fnYyh eas yM+rsa gq, ekjs x,A
uoh 'ksj [kk¡ dksVk jkT; dh lsuk ds bl flikgh us fonzksfg;ksa dks vL=k&'kL=k çnku fd, vkSj vaxszth lsuk ds
fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+sA ekpZ] 1858 eas vaxzstksa us bUgsa xksyh ls mM+k fn;kA
ulhj eksgEen dksVk lsuk ds viQlj ulhj eksgEen us vaxzsth lsuk ds fo:¼ vusd ;q¼ yM+s vkSj dksVk ds
fdys ij fd, x, vkØe.k dk usr`Ro djrs gq, ohj xfr dks çkIr gq,A
jks'ku csx dksVk jkT; dh lSfud Økafr ds çeq[k usrk] bUgksus dksVk jkT; dh lsuk ds laiw.kZ vL=k&'kL=k
fonzksfg;ksa dks lkSai fn,A dSFkwuhiksy ;q¼ es tujy jkcVZ ds fo:¼ yM+rs gq, ohj xfr dks çkIr
gq,A
liQnj dk [kk¡u fnYyh ds eqxydksV es dk;Zjr liQnj [kkau us fonzksfg;ks dk iw.kZ lg;ksx fd;k] vaxzstksa us bUgsa
canh cuk fy;k vkSj iQkalh ns nhA
ljnkj vyh dksVk jkT; dh lsuk ds lgk;d lsukf/dkjh ljnkj vyh us 15 vDVwcj] 1857 ds ;q¼ esa
fonzksfg;ksa dk lkFk fn;k vkSj yM+rs gq, ohj xfr dks çkIr gq,A
'kfÙkQnku Bkdqj vkÅok ;q¼ esa foIyodkfj;ksa dk leFkZu] dkjkokl dh vof/ esa e`R;qA

jktLFkku esa tu vkanksyu ,oa Lora=krk laxzke
;|fi 1857 dh Økafr es jktLFkku dh Hkwfedk vU; jkT;ksa dh jktLFkku ds yksxks dks ifjfpr djk;kA nwljh vkSj ;q¼ dk
vis{kk lfØ; ugh jgh fiQj Hkh fczfV'k ljdkj us jktkvksa ds leLr Hkkj Hkkjrh; turk }kjk vaxzst lÙkk dks dj pqdk dj
ekè;e ls ;g iwjk ç;kl fd;k fd fdlh çdkj dh jk"Vªoknh mBkuk iM+k vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i vlarks"k dk Hkko vf/d
Hkkouk;sa ;gk¡ u iuius ik;saA jktLFkku ds iajijkoknh lkearh iuius yxkA
lekt us Hkh çxfroknh ço`fÙk;ksa dks vf/d çJ; ugha fn;kA & ckã okrkoj.k dk çHkko& jktLFkku 'ks"k Hkkjr eas py jgh
fiQj Hkh ;gk¡ ds yksxksa es Lok/hu gksus dh çcy vkdka{kk fdlh jktuhfrd xfrfof/;ksa ls vufHkK ugh FkkA jk"Vªh; Lrj ds
Hkh 'kfDr }kjk ckf/r ugh gks ikbZA vkRe lEeku o Lora=krk usrkvksa o muds dk;ZØeksa dk çHkko ;gk¡ Hkh iM+kA tgk¡ ,d
çsl ;gk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa ds pfj=k dk çeq[k fgLlk gS vkSj vfr vksj gfj HkkÅ mikè;k; o teukyky ctkt tSls yksx
neukRed uhfr;ksa ds ckotwn vius vf/dkjksa ds fy;s Lora=krk xk¡/hoknh uhfr;ksa dk vuqlj.k dj jgs Fks ogha jkl fcgkjh
çseh la?k"kZ djrs jgs gSA cksl ds fopkjksa ls çsfjr vtqZu yky lsBh] xksikyflag [kjok
jktLFkku es tutkx`fr ds dkj.k o ckgjB ifjokj Hkh Lora=krk dh vy[k txk jgs FksA
& Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh o mudk çHkko& vk;Z lekt ds jktLFkku esa fdlku vkanksyu
laLFkkid Lokeh n;kuUn Lons'kh o Lojkt dk 'ka[k iQawdus jktLFkku dh jktuhfrd] lkekftd o vkfFkZd lajpuk lkearh
okys igys lekt lq/kjd FksA 1865 bZ- esa os djkSyh] t;iqj jgh gSA ;g ljapuk f=kLrjh; Fkh ftlesa Øe'k% 'kkld] tehankj
o vtesj vk;sA mUgksus Lo/eZ] Lons'kh] LoHkk"kk o LojkT; o Ñ"kd oxZ lfEefyr FksA bu lHkh ds ijLij varlZca/h
dk lw=k fn;kA ftls 'kkld o turk us lag"kZ vuqeksfnr fd;kA ij ;g O;oLFkk fVdh FkhA 19oha 'krh ds var es lac/
1888&1890 bZ- ds chp vk;Z lekt dh 'kk[kk;sa jktLFkku es lkSgknZiw.kZ jgsA tgk¡ ,d vkSj 'kkld viuh 'kfDr ds fy;s
LFkkfir dh xbZ ,oa ^ôSfnd ;a=kky;** uked fçfVax çsl lkearksa ij fuHkZj jgrs Fks] ogha lkearksa us Ñ"kdksa dks muds
vtesj es yxkbZ xbZA 1883 bZ- es Lokeh th us mn;iqj esa ijaijkxr vf/dkjksa ls oafpr u djds viuk lqn`<+ vk/kj rS;kj
dj j[kk FkkA Hkwfe nks çdkj dh Fkh& [kkylk o tkxhjh vkSj
^îjksidkfj.kh lHkk** dh LFkkiuk dh] tks ckn esa vtesj
nksuksa {ks=kksa ds fdlkuksa dh n'kk esa varj Hkh Li"V fn[kykbZ iM+rk
LFkkukUrfjr gks xbZA bl çdkj LojkT; ds fy;s çsj.kk nsus dk FkkA
çkjfEHkd dk;Z vk;Z lekt us fd;kA 19oha 'krh ds vUr es jktLFkku dk ifjn`'; cnyuk vkjEHk
& lekpkj i=kksa o lkfgR; dk ;ksxnku& jktuhfrd psruk ds gks x;kA bldk dqy dkj.k ns'k Hkj dh cnyh jktuhfrd
çlkj esa lekpkj i=kksa dk ;skxnku mYys[kuh; gSA 1885 bZ- es ifjfLFkfr;k¡] vaxsztks dk vkrad] fj;klrksa dh vO;oLFkk] tkxhjnkjksa
jktiwrkuk xtV] 1889 bZ- esa jktLFkku lekpkj] çkjfEHkd dk 'kks"k.k o ns'k Hkj es py jgs jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa dk çHkko
lekpkj i=k FksA 1920 bZ- esa ifFkd us ^^jktLFkku dsljh** dk FkkA
çdk'ku vkjEHk fd;k] ftlus vaxszth uhfr;ksa ds f[kykiQ Ñ"kd vlarks"k ds dkj.k
viuk Loj Å¡pk fd;kA 1922 bZ- esa jktLFkku lsok la?k us tgk¡ ,d vksj jktLFkku ds Ñ"kdks dh jktuhfrd psruk Hkkjrh;
^ûohu jktLFkku** uked v[kckj fudkyk] ftlus Ñ"kd jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ls çHkkfor ekuh tk ldrh gS] ogha nwljh vksj
vkUnksyuks ds i{k esa vkokt mBkbZA 1923 bZ- esa bls ^^r:.k fuf'pr :i ls dqN ,slh lkekftd o vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa Fkh
jktLFkku** ds uke ls çdkf'kr fd;k tkus yxkA 1932 bZ- esa tks jktLFkku ds fdlkuksa ds fy;s fof'k"V FkhA
çHkkr] 1936 bZ- esa uoT;ksfr] 1939 bZ- esa uothou] 1935 bZ- & vaxsztksa ds çHkko es vkdj 'kkldksa us viuh çtk dh vksj
esa t;iqj lekpkj] 1943 bZ- es yksdok.kh bR;kfn lekpkj i=kksa i;kZIr è;ku nsuk NksM+ fn;kA 'kkldksa o tkxhjnkjkas us Lo;a dk
us jk"Vªh; Lrj ij jktLFkku dh leL;kvksa o vkanksyu dk vfLrRo gh fczfV'k lÙkk ij vk/kfjr le> fy;kA blfy;s]
[kqyklk fd;k o buds fy;s jk"Vªh; lgefr cukbZA 'kkldksa dh fuHkZjrk tkxhjnkjksa ij o tkxhjnkjksa dh fuHkkZjrk
blh çdkj Bkdqj dsljh flg ckjgB] t;ukjk;.k O;kl] ia- Ñ"kdksa ij lekIr gksrh pyh xbZA
ghjkyky 'kkL=kjh dh dforkvksa es ns'k çse viuh pje lhek & jktLo vf/d olwyus ds lkFk&lkFk gh Ñ"kdksa ls yh tkus
ij ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA vtquZ yky lsBh dh Ñfr;ksa us oSpkfjd okyh csxkjksa o ykxksa es Hkh vçR;kf'kr o`f¼ ns[kh xbZA dqN
Økafr mRiÂ dhA bl lanHkZ es egkdfo lw;eZ Yy feJ.k }kjk jkT;ksa es rks yksxksa dh la[;k yxHkx 300 rd FkhA
mfpr ^ôhj lrlbZ** dk m¼j.k foLe`r ugha fd;k tk ldrk & tkxhjnkjksa o lkearksa dh fuHkZjrk /krq eqnzk ij c<+rh xbZA ;g
gS ftleas ohj jl o Lons'k çse dk vuwBk lfEeJ.k gSA vaxsztksa dh vR;Ur foyklh thou 'kSyh dks viukus ds dkj.k
& eè;e oxZ dh Hkwfedk& ;|fi jktLFkku dk lk/kj.k euq"; gqvk buds u;s [kpksZ dk cks> Ñf"k O;oLFkk ij iM+kA nwljk
Hkh fonzksg dh lkeF;Z j[krk Fkk] fiQj Hkh ,d ;ksX; usr`Ro dkj.k ijEijkxr pkdjh dks jksdM+ es ifjofrZr djuk FkkA
mls eè;e oxZ ls gh feyk] tks vk/qfud f'k{kk çkIr FkkA ;g vaxt zs h ç'kklfud O;oLFkkvksa dks viukus ds iQyLo:i
usr`Ro f'k{kd] odhy o i=kdkj oxZ ls vk;kA t;ukjk;.k lkearksa dk Ñ"kdks ds çfr mnkj o iSr`d utfj;k cny x;kA
O;kl] ekLVj HkksykukFk] e?kkjke oS|] vtquZ yky lsBh] fot; & Ñ"kd vlarks"k dk ,d çeq[k dkj.k vU; O;olk;ksa ls
flag ifFkd vkfn blh ekè;e oxZ ds çfrfuf/ FksA foLFkkfir yksxksa dk Ñf"k ij fuHkZj gks tkuk FkkA ;g y{k.k
& çFke fo'o;q¼ dk çHkko& jktLFkku ds yxHkx lHkh jkT;ksa vaxszth vkSifuosf'kd uhfr dk lh/k ifj.kke FkkA Ñ"kd
dh lsukvksa us çFke fo'o ;q¼ eas Hkkx fy;kA tks lSfud etnwjksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksÙkjh gksus ls tkxhjnkjksa ds :[k es
ykSVdj vk;s mUgksus vius vuqHko ck¡Vs&ubZ oSpkfjd Økkafr ls vf/d dBksjrk vk xbZA
& Ñf"k mRikfnr ewY;ksa es fxjkoV o btkiQk nksuksa fLFkfr;k¡ - Jh x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ laikfnr ,oa dkuiqj ls izdkf'kr
Ñ"kdksa ds fy;s ykHkdkjh ugh FksA tgk¡ ,d vksj dher es lekpkj i=k îzrki* ds ekè;e ls rFkk blds lkFk gh
fxjkoV ds dkj.k Ñ"kdksa dh cpr dh ewY; de gks tkrk vH;qn;] Hkkjr] fe=k] ejkBk vkfn lekpkj i=kksa ds ekè;e ls
Fkk] ogha dhers c<+us ds dkj.k Hkh mls ykHk dk Hkkx ugh fot;flag ifFkd us fctkSfy;k fdlku vkanksyu dks lewps
fey Ikkrk Fkk D;ksfd tkxhjnkj yxku ftUl esa ysrk FkkA Hkkjr esa ppkZ dk fo"k; cuk fn;kA
& tkxhjh {ks=k es Ñ"kdksa dk vlarks"k tkxhjnkjksa ds tqYeks ds - esokM+ ds iz/kuea=kh lj th- fot;jk?kokpk;Z ds iz;kl ls
fo:¼ gksrk FkkA fdUrq tkxhjnkjksa ds vius {ks=k esa Lora=k jgus fdlkuksa dks iqu% Hkwfe ns nh xbZ vkSj 1941 bZ- esa fctkSfy;k
ds dkj.k mls 'kkldks vFkok vaxzst vf/dkfj;ksa ls U;k; dh vkanksyu dk iVk{ksi gks x;kA
mEehn ugha - fctkSfy;k fdlku vkanksyu lokZf/d yacs le; rd pyus
fctkSfy;k dk fdlku vkanksyu okyk fdlku vkanksyu FkkA
- fctkSfy;k HkhyokM+k ftys esa fLFkr gSa ;gkWa fdlku vkanksyu - xka/hth us vius lfpo egknso nslkbZ dks fdlkuksa dh
1897 esa izkjEHk rFkk 1941 esa lekIr gqvkA fctkSfy;k esa leL;k dk vè;;u djus ds fy, fctkSfy;k HkstkA
eq[;r% /kdM+ tkfr ds fdlku FksA - fctkSfy;k fdlku vkanksyu dk eq[; è;s; fctkSfy;k ds
- Hkkjr esa laxfBr d`"kd vkanksyu izkjEHk djus dk Js; esokM+ tkxhjnkj }kjk fdlkuksa ij yxk;s Hkkjh djksa] fofHkUu ykxrksa
ds izFke Js.kh ds fBdkus fctkSfy;k dks gSA fctkSfy;k fBdkus rFkk csxkj izFkk ds fo:¼ viuk vlarks"k O;Dr dj U;k;
ds laLFkkid v'kksd ijekj FksA izkIr djuk FkkA
- v'kksd ijekj vius ewy LFkku txesj (Hkjriqj) ls esokM+ ds casxw fdlku vkanksyu
jk.kk lkaxk dh lsok esa fpÙkkSM+ vk x;k FkkA 1527 bZ- esa - csaxw fdlku vkanksyu 1921 ls 1925 ds chp pykA
[kkuok ds ;q¼ esa v'kksd dh ohjrk dks ns[krs gq, jk.kk lkaxk fctkSfy;k fdlku vkanksyu ls izsfjr iM+ksl dh tkxhj csaxw
us mls Åijeky dh tkxhj iznku dhA (fpÙkkSM+x<+) esuky (HkhyokM+k) uked LFkku ij ,df=kr
- ;gk¡ ds 'kkld jko d`".kkflag ds le; fctkSfy;k dh turk gq, vkSj ykx ckx] csxkj vkSj Å¡ps yxku ds fo:¼ vkanksyu
ls 84 izdkj dh ykxrsa yh tkrh FkhA djus dk fu'p; fd;kA
- 1903 bZ- jko d`".kflag us Åijeky dh turk ij dU;k - csxwa vkanksyu dk usr`Ro jktLFkku lsok la?k ds ea=kh Jh
fookg ds volj ij 5 :i;s dk ^paojh dj* yxk;kA blds jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh us fd;kA
fojks/ Lo:Ik fdlkuksa us dU;kvksa ds fookg LFkfxr dj fn, - csxwa vkanksyu dks ^cksY'ksfod Økafr* dh laKk Hkh nh tkrh gSA
rFkk fdlkuksa us fBdkus dh Hkwfe ij [ksrh djuk can dj - 1923 bZ- esa csxwa Bkdwj vuwiflag us fdlkuksa ls le>kSrk dj
fn;kA foo'k gksdj jko d`".kflag us paojh dj lekIr dj mudh lc ekaxs eku yhA ijUrq esokM+ ljdkj vkSj jsftMs.V us
fn;k rFkk yxku Hkh 40 izfr'kr dj fn;kA jktLFkku lsok la?k vkSj jkor vuwiflag ds chp gq, bl
- fctkSfy;k ds fdlku vkanksyu dk usr`Ro loZiFz ke lk/q le>kSrs dks ^cksY'ksfod QSlys* dh laKk nhA
lhrkjke nkl }kjk fd;k x;kA - Cksxwa ds fdlku 13 tqykbZ 1923 bZ- dks xksfoUniqjk esa ,d=k
- 1906 bZ- esa jko d`".kflag dh e`R;q ds ckn mlds gq, tgkW lsuk us xksfy;kW pyk nhA bl gR;kdkaM esa ^:ikth*
mÙkjkf/dkjh i`Fohflag us ^ryokj ca/kbZ* dh ykxr vkSj dÌkkth* uked nks fdlkuksa 'kghn gks x,A
(mÙkjkf/dkjh 'kqYd) yxk nhA fdlkuksa us lk/q lhrkjke nkl] - lsuk ds vR;kpkjksa ls fdlkuksa dk eukscy fxjrk ns[k
Qrgdj.k pkj.k vkSj czâknso ds usr`Ro esa bl dk;Zokgh ds ifFkdth us Lo;a csxwa fdlku vkanksyu dk usr`Ro laHkkykA
fojks/ esa 1913 bZ- esa Åijeky ds {ks=k dks iM+r j[kk vkSj 1923 bZ- esa ifFkd th dks fxjÝrkj dj mUgsa 5 o"kZ dh ltk
fBdkus dks Hkwfe dj ugha fn;kA nh xbZA
- fctkSfy;k ds fdlku vkanksyu esa 1916 bZ- esa Jh fot;flag vyoj fdlku vkanksyu
ifFkd us izos'k fd;kA fot;flag ifFkd dk ewy uke - 1924 bZ- esa vyoj jkT; esa Hkwfe cankscLr dj yxku esa o`f¼
Hkwiflag FkkA fot;flag ifFkd us ^Åekth ds [ksM+k* uked dh xbZA vr% vyoj jkT; ds [kkylk {ks=k ds jktiwr fdlkuksa
LFkku dks fdlku Økafr dk dsUnz LFky cuk;kA us vkanksyu izkjEHk fd;kA 14 ebZ] 1925 bZ- dks dek.Mj
- ifFkd us 1917 bZ- esa Jh lhrkjke nkl ,oa Jh ekf.kD;yky Nktqflag us fdlkuksa ij e'khuxusa pykus ds vkns'k fn, o
oekZ ds lg;ksx ls gfj;kyh vekoL;k ds fnu ^Åijeky xkao esa vkx yxk nhA QyLo:i lSdM+ksa& L=kh&iq:"k o cPps
iap cksMZ* uked laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh rFkk eUuk iVsy dks grkgr gq,A ^r:.k jktLFkku* ,oa îzrki* uke lekpkj i=k
bl iapk;r dk izeq[k cuk;kA us bl ?kVuk dk fooj.k izdkf'kr fd;kA
- fctksfy;k fBdkus esa Hkwfe dj fuf'pr djus ds fy, ^dwrk - egkRek xka/h us uhewpk.kk gR;kdk.M dks ^tfy;kaokyk
izFkk* izpfyr FkhA ckax dk.M* ls Hkh foHkh"k.k crk;k vkSj mls ^nksgjh
- 1916 bZ- esa fdlkuksa us lk/q lhrkjke nkl dh vè;{krk esa Mk;j'kkgh* dh laKk nhA
^fdlku iap cksMZ* dh LFkkiuk dhA - 1921 bZ- esa vyoj jkT; esa taxyh lqvjksa dks vukt
- Hkkjr ljdkj ds ,-th-th- gkWy.S M o fdlkuksa ds chp f[kykdj gksnksa esa ikyk tkrk gSA ;s lqvj fdlkuksa dh [kM+h
le>kSrs ds vuqlkj 84 esa ls 32 ykxras ekQ dj nh xbZ] Qlyksa dks u"V dj nsrs FksA bu lqvjksa dks ekjk ugha tk
vUrr% 1922 bZ- esa vkanksyu lekIr gks x;k] ysfdu fBdkusa ldrk Fkk] D;ksafd budksa ekjus ij jkT; dh ikacnh FkhA lqvjksa
us le>kSrs dk Ikkyu ugha fd;kA ds mRokr ds dkj.k 1921 bZ- esa jkT; ds fdlkuksa us vkanksyu
izkjEHk dj fn;kA varr% egkjk.kk us gksnksa dks gVk fn;k rFkk (Bkdqj ns'kjkt dh iRuh) FkhA Jherh nqxkZ nsoh 'kekZ] Jherh
d`"kdksa dks lwvj ekjus dh btktr ns nhA jek nsoh] Jherh Qwyk nsoh* vkfn vU; izeq[k efgyk,a Fkh
- eso fdlku vkanksyu & vyoj o Hkjriqj fj;klr ds esokr ftUgksaus bl lEesyu esa Hkkx fy;kA
{ks=k ds fdlkuksa us 1932 esa MkW- eksgEen vyh ds usr`Ro esa - t;flagiqjk fdlku gR;kdk.M &21 twu] 1934 dks
vkanksyu 'kq: dj fn;kA Mw.Myksn ds Bkdqj ds HkkbZ bZ'oj flag us Mw.Myksn esa
ekjokM+ fdlku vkanksyu t;flagiqjk xkao esa [ksr tksr jgs fdlkuksa ij geyk dj xksyh
- ekjokM+ fdlku vkanksyu 1923 ls 1947 bZ- rd ds chp pykdj mudh gR;k dj nhA
pykA - dwnu xksyh dkaM & lhdj ds dwnu xkao esa fdlkuksa ij
- 1923 bZ- esa Jh t;ukjk;.k O;kl us êkjokM+ fgrdkfj.kh 1935 esa xksyh pykbZ xbZ] ftlesa 4 fdlku ekjs x;sA xksBM+k
lHkk* dk xBu fd;kA vkSj blds ekè;e ls ekjokM+ ds o iyFkk.kk esa xksyh dk.M gqvkA 26 ebZ] 1935 dks iwjs ns'k
fdlkuksa dks ykxrksa rFkk csxkj ds fo:¼ tkx`r djus dk esa lhdj fnol euk;k x;kA
iz;kl fd;kA - dwnu xksyh dk.M dh ppkZ fczVsu ds gkml vkWQ dkWeUl esa
- t;ukjk;.k O;kl us vius ^ r:.k jktLFkku* uked lekpkj Hkh gqbAZ
Ik=k ds ekè;e ls fdlkuksa dh nqnZ'kk rFkk txhjnkjksa ds tqYeksa - [kwM+h xksyhdkaM & 1935 bZ- esa lhdj esa [kwM+h xkao esa
dk inkZiQk'k fd;kA fdlkuksa ij dSIVu osc us ykBh pktZZ djok;k] ftlesa 4
- êkjokM+k dh n'kk* rFkk îksikckbZ dk iksy* uked fdlku ekjs x;sA ;g fookn fdlku nwYgsa }kjk ?kksMh+ ij rksj.k
iEiysVksa esa Hkh tkxhjh tqYeksa dk ekfeZd o.kZu fd;k x;kA ekjus ds dkj.k gqvkA
- tks/iqj jkT; esa ^r:.k jktLFkku* ij izfrca/ yxkrs gq, 20 - 1931 bZ- esa jktLFkku tkV {ks=kh; lHkk dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ
tuojh 1930 bZ- dks t;ukjk;.k O;kl] vkuanjkt lqjk.kk rFkk - 1947 bZ- esa ns'k ds okrkoj.k esa cnyko ds lkFk gh fdlkuksa
Hkaojyky ljkZQ dks canh cuk fy;kA dh leLr ekaxs ekurs gq, ykx&ckx o csxkj izFkk lekIr dj
'ks[kkokVh fdlku vkanksyu nh xbZAa
- fcykÅ] MwMyksn] eylhlj] eaMkok rFkk uoyx<+ tks nw/ok [kkjk (pw:) fdlku vkanksyu
Îkapik.ks* dgykrh Fkha 'ks[kkoVh dh ikap izeq[k tkxhjsa FkhA - 1944 esa ;gkW ds tkxhjnkjksa us cdk;k jkf'k ds Hkqxrku dk
'ks[kkokVh {ks=k esa dqy 421 tkxhjnkj FksA cgkuk dj vusd fdlkuksa dks mudh thr ls csn[ky dj
- jkT; ljdkj }kjk Hksts x;s deh'ku us fdlkuksa dh dqN ekaxksa fn;kA fdlkuksa dk usrR` o pkS/jh guqekuflag us fd;kAA
dk leFkZu fd;kA bl ij fBdkuksa dks fdlkuksa dh dqN ekaxsa - chdkusj iztk ifj"kn ds vè;{k ia- e?kkjke oS| us nw/ok
ekuuh iM+h o vkanksyudkfj;ksa ls ln~O;ogkj dk vk'oklnu [kkjk ds fdlkuksa dh leL;k ,oa tkxhjnkjksa ds vR;kpkjksa dks
nsuk iM+kA mtkxj fd;kA
- iztke.My ds dk;ZdrkZvksa us vdky jkgr dk;ksaZ esa 'ks[kkoVh - pw: ftys ds dkaxM+ xkao esa Hkh fdlkuksa ij vR;kpkj gq,A
ds d`"kdksa dks cM+h lsok dha fdUrq lekt lsoh iztke.My MkcM+k fdlku vkanksyu
lnL; teukyky ctkt dks fxjÝrkj dj muds t;iqj izns'k - yksd ifj"kn rFkk fdlku lHkk ds usrk 13 ekpZ] 1947 bZ- dks
ij jksd yxk nh xbZA vk;ksftr fdlku lEesyu esa Hkkx ysus gsrq MkcM+k
- ckn esa ;g vkanksyu t;iqj esa ghjkyky 'kkL=kh ds usr`Ro esa (MhMokuk&ukxkSj) igqWapsA
yksdfiz; ljdkj ds xBu ds i'pkr lekIr gqvkA - yxHkx 600 tkV fdlku lEesyu esa lfEefyr gksus tk jgs Fks
- 1932 esa >qa>quwa ds pkS/jh fjlky dh vè;{krk esa tkV fdUrq tkxhjnkj ds yxHkx 600 l'kL=k yksxksa us mUgsa ?ksj
egklHkk dk vf/os'ku gqvkA ysfdu blds ckn canwdksa] ryokjksa vkSj Hkkyksa dk iz;ksx nksuksa
lhdj fdlku vkanksyu i{kksa dh vksj ls fd;k x;kA blesa pqUuhyky 'kekZ o tXxw
- lhdj vkanksyu dk lw=kik=k tkV fdlkuksa }kjk fd;k x;kA tkV 'kghn gq,A fdlkuksa dk usr`Ro eFkqjknkl ekFkqj us fd;kA
lhdj esa 56 izfr'kr Hkwfe tkV fdlkuksa ds Ikkl FkhA bl {ks=k - gkcM+k gR;kdk.M dk lekpkj 'kh/z gh ns'kHkj esa QSy x;k
esa Hkw jktLo dh vusd fo"kerkvksa ds vfrfjDr vusdksa eqEcbZ ls izdkf'kr ôans ekrje*] t;iqj ds ^yksdok.kh*
ykx&ckx] ekik vkfn dj FksA bl izdkj mit dk vf/dka'k tks/iqj ds îztk lsod vkSj fnYyh ds fgUnqLrkj VkbEl vkfn
Hkkx fBdkusnkj o fBdkuksa ds vf/dkfj;ksa esa caV tkrk FkkA lekpkj i=kksa us bl t?kU; gR;kdka.M dh ?kksj fuank dhA
- 1922 bZ- esa jko jktk Bk- dY;k.k flag }kjk mit dk 50 cwanh fdlku vkanksyu
izfr'kr yxku ysuk izkjEHk djrs gh fdlkuksa us bldk fojks/
fd;kA - ia- u;uwjke 'kekZ ds usr`Ro esa 1922 bZ- esa cwanh ds fdlkuksa us
- bl fdlku vkanksyu ds usrk jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh o gfj csxkj] yky&ckx vkSj Å¡ph yxku njksa ds fo:¼ vkanksyu
czâkpkjh dk lhdj rFkk t;iqj jktk dh lhek esa izos'k fd;kA fL=k;ksa us Hkh bl vkanksyu esa Hkkx fy;kA jkT; us neu
fuf"k¼ dj fn;kA dk lgkjk fy;kA ;g fdlku vkanksyu cjM+ {ks=k esa gfjHkkbZ
- efgykvksa esa tkx`fr ds fy, ljnkj gjyky flag dh iRuh fdadj] jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh vkSj ia- u;uwjke 'kekZ us pyk;kA
fd'kksjh nsoh ds usr`Ro esa lhdj ftys ds dVjkFky xkao esa - vizy S 1923 esa Mkch esa lEiUu gq, fdlkuksa ds lEesyu ij
1934 esa ,d lEesyu gqvk] ftlesa 10 gtkj efgykvksa us iqfyl us xksyh pyk nh] bl vkanksyu esa ûkudth Hky*
Hkkx fy;kA lEesyu dh izeq[k oDrk Jherh mrek nsoh ?kVukLFky ij gh 'kghn gks x;sA
Vksad fdlku vkanksyu - phyk ykx& tkxhjnkj }kjk vius fBdkus dh lhek esa ls
fudyus okyh izR;sd xkM+h ls 6 ikbZ izfr xkM+h ykx yh
- Vksd
a esa fi.Mkjh 'kkld vehj [kk¡ fi.Mkjh ds mÙkjkf/dkjh tkrh FkhA
bczkfge [kkWa ds vnwjn'khZ iz'kklu ls 1920&21 bZ- esa izFke - tV ykx& jk;dk ,oa jSckfj;ksa }kjk fBdkus esa tkte cukus
tu vkanksyu gqvk] ftlesa fdlkuksa dh lfØ; Hkwfedk jghA ds fy, ÅWaV ds cky fn, tkrs FksA bls tV ykx dgrs FksA
- vtxj lHkk& 'kkgiqjk ds jktk gqdqeflag ds funs'Z ku esa bl - rksy ykx & ;g ykx tkxhjnkj }kjk gkfly olwy dj djus
lHkk dk xBu gqvkA v&vghj]t&tkV] x&xqtZj] j&jktiqr bu ds ckn vf/Hkkj ds :i esa 2 ls 10 lsj vukt ds :i esa
pkjksa 'kCnksa dk laca a/ mijksDr pkj tkfr;ksa ls Fkk rFkk dgk yh tkrh FkhA
x;k fd ge lHkh {k=kh; gSA vkil esa ijLij Hksn ugha gksuk - nw/k& ykx fBdkuksa ds fy, xzkeh.kksa ls izfrfnu izfrO;fDr
pkfg,A vkSj izfr ifjokj nw/ eaxk;k tkrk FkkA
- jktLFkku dks ns'kh fj;klrksa esa jpukRed xfrfof/k;k¡ izkjEHk U;kS rk ykx & ;g ykx tkxhjnkj] iVsy ,os pkS/jh }kjk vius
djus dk Js; iztke.Myksa dks gSA iztkeaMy dh LFkkiuk dk yM+ds&yM+dh dh 'kknh ds volj ij fdlkuksa ls olwy dh
mn~ns'; fj;klrh dq'kklu dks lekIr dj muesa O;kIr cqjkbZ;ksa ykrh FkhA
dks nwj djuk rFkk ukxfjdksa dks muds ekSfyd vf/dkj - iafMr dh ykx& ;g ykx f'k{kk ds uke ij tkxhjnkjksa ls
olwy dh tkrh FkhA
fnyokuk gSA laxBuksa dk rkRdkfyd mn~n's ; viuh&viuh - iku pjkbZ & [kkylk Hkwfe esa fdlkuksa ls i'kqvksa dks iÙks
fj;klrksa ls lacaf/r ujs'kksa dh N=kNk;k esa mÙkjnk;h 'kklu dh pjus nsus ds fy, tkus okyk dj iku pjkbZ dgykrk FkkA
LFkkiuk djuk FkkA - iQkM~;k ykx& tkxhjnkj }kjk gkfly dk fgLlk ysus ds fy,
jktLFkku esa fy;s tkus okys ykx&ckx (dj) yk, x, diM+ksa ds fy, ,d ls Ms<+e.k /ku ykx ds :i esa
- deBk.k ykx& x<+ ds fuekZ.k o ejEer gsrq nks :i;s izfr fy;k tkrk Fkk
?kj ls olwys tkrs FksA - cdjk ykx& izR;sd dk'rdkj ls tkxhjnkj ,d cdjk Lo;a
- gy ykx& [ksrh ij izfr gy yxus okyh ^gy ykx* ds [kkus ds fy, ysrk Fkk vkSj dqN tkxhjnkj cdjs ds cnys
dgykrh FkhA dqN okf"kZd dj ysrs FksA
- pwM+k ykx& Bdqjkbu }kjk u;k pwM+k iguus ij ewY; - ekpk ykx& dk'rdkj dks izR;sd g"kZ vius [kpZs ls fBdkus
dk'rdkjksa ls olwy fd;k tkrk FkkA dks ,d ekpk (pkjikbZ) nsuh gksrh FkhA
- [kjM+k ykx& eksph] Nhik] dqEgkj vkfn Jethoh tkfr;ksa ls - ek;jk dh ykx& fdlku dh iq=k&iq=kh ds fookg ds volj
olwyh tkrh FkhA ij tc ufugky i{k ds yksc ek;jk (Hkkr) ykrs Fks rks
- f[kpM+h ykx& jkT; dh lsuk tc fdlh xkao ds ikl iM+k o tkxhjnkj muls ek;jk ykx ds :i esa ,d :i;k ysrk FkkA
Mkyrh] rks muds Hkkstu ds fy, xkao ds yksxksa ls olwy dh - jkyh ykx & izfro"kZ dk'rdkj ,d xnnk cukdj nsrk Fkk]
tkus okyh ykx f[kpM+h ykx dgykrh FkhA tks tkxhjnkj ;k mlds deZpkfj;ksa ds dke vkrk Fkk
- dkalk ykx&'kknh vFkok xeh ds volj ij fBdkus dks nh tutkrh; vkanksyu
tkus okyh jde ds lkFk de ls de iPphl iÙky [kkuk
Hkstuk dkalk ykx dgykrk FkkA jktLFkku eas uo jktuhfrd psruk dk Jhx.ks'k ;gk¡ ds fdlkuksa
- vax ykx& izR;sd fdlku ds ifjokj esa ikap o"kZ ls vf/d o tutkrh; lekt us fd;kA ;gka¡ ds Ñ"kdks us vR;f/d foÙkh;
vk;q ds izR;sd lnL; ls ,d :Ik;k okf"kZd dj fy;k tkrk cks> ds fojks/ es viuk Loj Å¡pk djds rRdkyhu jktuhfrd
FkkA ;g vax ykx dgykrk FkkA O;oLFkk dks pqukSrh ns MkyhA ;s vkanksyu iw.kZr;k vfgald Fks
- ÅMh ykx& blds varxZr tkxhjnkj izR;sd dk'rdkj ls ,d vkSj ifjiDo jktuhfrd n`f"V dk ifjpk;d FksA blh çdkj
e.k ij nl lsj vukt viuh dk'r ds fy, cht ds :Ik esa jktLFkku ds vkfnoklh {ks=kksa es Hkh vlarks"k Lor% LiQwrZ FkkA
ysrk FkkA
vius ijaijkxr vf/dkjksa ds mYya?ku dh fLFkfr es ;s vkanksyu
- dqaojth ds ?kksM+s dh ykx& dqaoj ds cM+s gksus ij mls
?kqM+lokjh fl[kkus rFkk mlds fy, ?kksM+k [kjhnus ds fy, izfr 'kq: gq,] ftUgksus ckn esa dq'ky usr`Ro ds gkFkksa esa tkus ls
?kj ,d :i;k dj ds :i esa fy;k tkrk FkkA O;ofLFkr :i ys fy;kA dguk xyr u gksxk fd ;s Lor% LiQwrZ
- dqEgkj ykx& dqEgkj csxkj ds :Ik esa fBdkus dk ikuh Hkjrk vkanksyu Fks] tks vU;k; o vuko';d mRihM+u ds fo:¼ 'kq:
FkkA blds cnys izR;sd dk'rdkj dks ikap ls nl lsj /ku gq, ,oa Hkkoh jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa ds çsj.kk lw=k cusA
dqEgkj dks nsuk iM+rk FkkA
- dksVM+h [kpZ dh ykx & fBdkus dks dksVM+h ds [kspZs ds jktLFkku es nf{k.kh {ks=k esa Hkhy fuokl djrs gS] tks
fy, izR;sd ifjokj ls 1 ls 6 :i;s rd okf"kZd dj fy;k eq[;r% Mwxa jiqj] esokM+] ck¡lokM+k] çrkix<+ o dq'kyx<+ ds
tkrk FkkA bykds gSA Hkhy vR;Ur ijEijkoknh tkfr gS tks vius lkekftd
- [kjp&Hkksx dh Hkkx& Hkw&jktLo olwyh esa gksus okys O;; dh o vkfFkZd Lrj dks ysdj ltx jgrh gSA tc buds ijaijkxr
iwfrZ ds fy, yh tkus okyh ykx dks [kpZ&Hkksx dh ykx dgk
tkrk FkkA vf/dkjksa dk guu gqvk rks bUgksus viuk fojks/ çdV fd;k]
- xtZ dh ykx & tc tkxhjnkj vius iV~Vs ds xkao esa tkrk pkgs og fiQj vaxsztksa ds fo:¼ gks ;k fiQj 'kkld ds fo:¼
Fkk rc xkao okys :i;s bdV~Bs dj tkxhjnkj dks HksVa nsrs FksA gksA jktLFkku esa Lok/hurk ds fy, gq, vkanksyuksa esa Hkhy]
- paojh ykx& fdlkuksa ds iq=k ;k iq=kh ds fookg ij mu ij eh.kk] o xjkfl;k vkfn tutkfr;ksa us Hkh egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k
yxus okyh ykx paojh ykx dgykrh gSA
FkkA blds vkanksyu fuEu izdkj gS&
Lokeh xksfoUnz xq: (fxfj) - eksrhyky rstkor us Hkhyksa dh lekftd fLFkfr dks lq/kjus
- Lokeh xksfoUn fxfj dk tUe 1858 bZ- esa Mw¡xjiqj jkT; ds gsrq 1936 esa ôuoklh la?k* dh LFkkiuk dhA
ckafl;ksa xzke esa ,d catkjs ds ?kj esa gqvkA jktLFkku esa eh.kk vkanskyu
- buds }kjk pyk;k x;k vkanksyu Hkxr vkanksyu dgykrk - jktiwrkusa ds dbZ jkT;kssa esa eh.kk tutkfr fuokl djrh FkhA
gSA iwoZ [kksg] ekaph xsVksj] vkesj] >ksVokM+k] HkkaMkjst ujsB vkfn
- Lokeh xksfoUn fxfj us vkfnoklf;ksa dh lsok ds fy, 1883 {ks=kksa esa eh.kksa ds tuin Fks rFkk ogkW eh.kk 'kkld jkT;
bZ- esa ,d laLFkk ^lai lHkk* dh fljksgh esa LFkkiuk dhA djrs FksA
- lai lHkk ds ekè;e ls mUgksaus esokM+ Mw¡xjiqj] xqtjkr] bZMj] - eh.kksa dk eq[; {ks=k <wa<+k< FkkA ogk¡ ds dNokgk jktiwrksa us
fot; uxj vkSj ekyok ds Hkhy&xjkfl;ksa dks laxfBr mudk jkT; Nhu fy;kA
fd;kA - nqygjk; vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa }kjk [kksg&xax ds eh.kk 'kkld
- xksfoUn fxfj us bl tutkfr;ksa esa O;kIr lkekftd cqjkbZ;ksa vkyuflag ,oa mlds 1500 lg;ksfx;ksa dks ekjus ds ckn
dks nwj djus vkSj dqjhfr;ksa dks feVkus dk iz;Ru fd;k rFkk nqygjk; us [kksg&xax ij vf/dkj dj <wa<+kM+ esa 1137 bZ-
mudksa vius ewyHkwr vf/dkjksa dk cks/ djk;kA esa dNokgk jkT; dh uhao MkyhA
- xksfoUn xq: us lai lHkk dk igyk vf/os'ku 1903 bZ- esa - jkT; esa dbZ Hkkxksa esa 'kklu djus okyh eh.kk tutkfr ds
êkux<+ dh igkM+h* (ckalokM+k) ij cqyk;kA yksxksa us ckn esa pksjh MdSrh ,oa ywVekj dks viuk O;olk;
- 1903 ds ckn izfro"kZ ekux<+ igkM+h ij lailHkk dk cuk fy;k FkkA vr% mu ij fu;a=k.k LFkkfir djus ds
vf/os'ku gksus yxkA mn~ns'; ls 1924 bZ- esa gh NksVwjke >joky] egknso jke
- 17 uoEcj 1913 dks vf'ou iwf.kZek ds fnu lEilHkk dk icM+] tokgj jke] vkfn us êh.kk tkfr lq/kj desVh*
vf/os'ku py jgk FkkA rc dh xbZ xksyh&ckjh ls 1500 ls uke dh ,d laLFkk dh LFkkiuk dhA
vf/d Hkhy 'kghn gks x;s] bls jktLFkku dk nwljk - 1930 bZ- esa t;iqj jkT; esa Hkh ^t;k;e & is'kk dkuwu*
tfy;kaokyk ckax gR;kdk.M dgrs gSA (izFke uhewpk.kk] ykxw gqvkA ftlesa gj vk;q ds cPpksa ds fy, fudVLFk
vyoj) iqfyl Fkkus esa uke ntZ djokuk vkSj nSfud gktjh nsuk
Ekksrhyky rstkor vfuok;Z dj fn;kA
- tUe & dksY;kjh (mn;iqj) - 1933 bZ- esa êh.kk {kf=k; egklHkk* dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ
- miuke & vkfnokfl;ksa dk elhgk] ckothA ftlesa ^t;jke&is'kk dkuwu* jn~n djus dh ekax dhA
- eksrhyky rstkor }kjk pyk;s x;s vkUnksyu dks ,dh - tSu eqfu exulkxj dh vè;{krk esa 1944 bZ- esa lEiUu
vkanksyu ds uke ls tkurs gSA uhe dk Fkkuk lEesyu esa ^t;iqj jkT; eh.kk lq/kj
- ,dh vkanksyu dh 'kq:vkr ekr`dqf.M;k] (jk'keh)] lfefr* uked laLFkk dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ
fpÙkkSM+ ls dhA - bl lfefr ds vè;{k Jh ca'kh/j 'kekZ] ea=kh Jh jktsUnz
- Ekksrhyky rstkor us 1921 bZ- esa dksVM+k >kM+ky
s ] eknM+h dqekj ^vts; rFkk la;qDr ea=kh Jh y{ehukjk;.k >joky FksA
vkfn {ks=kksa esa Hkhyksa dks laxfBr fd;kA - mn;iqj esa 31 fnlEcj 1945 dks vk;ksftr Hkkjrh; ns'kh
- 1922 esa eksrhyky rstkor ds usrR` o esa uheM+k uked jkT; yksd ifj"kn ds vf/os'ku esa Hkh t;jke&is'kk dkuwu
LFkku ij ,d vkanksyu dk lEesyu py jgk FkkA rc jnn djus dk izLrko Lohd`r gqvkA ifj"kn ds vè;{k ia-
vaxsztksa }kjk dh xbZ xksyh&ckjh ls 1200 ls vf/d tokgjyky usg: FksA
vkfnoklh Hkhy ekjs x;sA - 28 vDVwcj] 1946 dks ckxkokl esa ,d fo'kky lEesyu esa
- Ekksrhyky rstkor us thou Hkj vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, la?k"kZ pkSdhnkj eh.kksa us LosPNk ls pkSdhnkjh ds dke ls bLrhQk
fd;kA 5 fnlEcj] 1963 bZ- dks fu/u gks x;kA ns fn;kA
- Ekksrhyky rstkor us 21 lw=kh ekaxi=k rS;kj fd;k ftls - 1952 bZ- esa jktLFkku dh fofHkUu fj;klrksa ls Hkh t;jke
êsokM+ iqdkj* dh laKk nh tkrh gSA is'kk dkuwu jnn dj fn;k x;kA

jktLFkku esa iztke.My vkanksyu
ftl le; vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij jktuhfrd psruk iQSy jgh Fkh] jktLFkku Hkh blls vNwrk ugha jgkA ;gk¡ fofHkÂ laLFkk;sa tSls
jktLFkku lsok la?k o jktLFkku eè; Hkkjr lHkk ns'kh fj;klrksa es jktuhfrd psruk tkx`r djus esa liQy jghA ;gh ugh fczfV'k çkUr
ds dkaxzslh dk;Zdrkvksa ls Hkh jktLFkku ds Lora=krk çseh fujarj lEidZ es jgsA
jktLFkku es py jgs Lora=krk vkanksyu dks rhu Hkkxksa es ckaVk tk ldrk gSA 1927 bZ- ls iwoZ vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij gks jgh
jktuhfrd gypy ls jktLFkku çHkkfor FkkA çFke fo'o ;q¼ ls ykSVs lSfudksa dk fooj.k] jksysV ,DV] 1920 dk vlg;ksx vkanksyu
tSlh ?kVukvksa us fuf'pr :i psruk tkx`r dhA ;|fi lHkh fj;klrks dh fLFkfr;k¡ o leL;k;sa leku gh Fkh] fiQj Hkh ,dhÑr
laxBu ds vHkko es dksbZ O;ofLFkr vkanksyu dk Jhx.ks'k ugh gks ik;kA dkaxzsl ikVhZ us Hkh ns'kh jkT;ksa ds ekeyksa es vgLr{ksi dh
uhfr ?kksf"kr dj ;gk¡ dh jk"Vªoknh xfrfof/;ksa [kknh dk ç;ksx çpkj ,oa lkekftd lq/kjksa rd gh lhfer dj nhA
1927 bZ- es vf[ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh lfØ; jktuhfr dk dky vkjaHk gqvkA dkaxzsl dk
leFkZu fey tkus ds ckn bldh 'kk[kk;sa LFkkfir dh tkus yxhA 1931 bZ- esa jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh us vtesj es ns'kh jkT; yksd ifj"kn
dk çFke çkUrh; vf/os'ku vk;ksftr fd;kA
1938 bZ- es daxszl ds gfjiqjk vf/os'ku eas dkaxszl us ,d çLrko ikfjr dj ns'kh fj;klrksa ds yksxksa }kjk lapkfyr Lora=krk la?k"kZ
dks leFkZu fn;kA dkaxzsl ds bl çLrko ls ns'kh fj;klrksa esa py jgs Lora=krk laxkz e dks uSfrd leFkZu feykA bu jkT;ksa es py jgs
vkanksyu çR;{k :i ls dkaxszl ls tqM+ x;s vkSj jktuhfrd psruk dk foLrkj gqvkA çtkeaMyksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZ] ftlus ns'kh 'kkldksa
ds v/hu mÙkjnk;h ç'kklu dh ekax dhA fofHkÂ ns'kh fj;klrksa es çtkeaMy vkanksyu dh Hkwfedk bl çdkj jgh&
t;iqj iztke.My - esokM+ esa laxfBr jktuhfrd vkanksyu dk izkjEHk egkjk.kk
Hkwikyflag ds le; 1930 bZ- esa gqvkA
- jktLFkku esa iztke.My dh LFkkiuk loZizFke 1931 bZ- esa Jh
- jktLFkku esa fo'kq¼ jktuhfrd laxBu ds :i esa igyh ckj
diwjpUn IkkVuh }kjk t;iqj esa dh xbZA 24 vizy S 1938 dks ekf.kD;yky oekZ fuokZfpr gq,A
- 1938 bZ- esa t;iqj iztke.My dk izFke vf/os'ku t;iqj esa - 31 fnlEcj 1945 o 1 tuojh 1946 dks ia- tokgjyky
lsB teukyky ctkt dh vè;{krk esa lEiUu gqvkA usg: dh vè;{krk esa mn;Ikqj esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; jkT; yksd
- t;iqj jkT; esa fpjathyky vxzoky ds usr`Ro esa iztke.My ifj"kn dk vf/os'ku lEiUu gqvkA
izxfr ny uked laLFkk dh LFkkiuk gqbqAZ tks/iqj (ekjokM+) iztke.My
- tsUVyesUl ,xzhesaV& t;iqj iztke.My ds vè;{k Jh - ekjokM+ (tks/iqj) esa tu tkx`fr dk izkjEHk 1920 bZ- esa rkSy
ghjkyky 'kkL=kh vkSj fj;klr ds iz/kuea=kh lj fetkZ bLekby vkanksyu ls ekuk tkrk gS] bl vkanksyu ds izeq[k lw=k/kj
pkaney lqjk.kk FksA
ds chp 1942 bZ- esa ,d le>kSrk gqvkA - ekjokM+ lsok la?k dh LFkkiuk 1920 bZ- esa t;ukjk;.k O;kl]
Mwx¡ jiqj iztke.My Hkaojyky ljkZQ] vkuan yky lqjk.kk us Hkaojyky ljkZQ dh
- Hkksxhyky ik.M~;k dh vè;{krk esa gh 1944 esa Mw¡xjiqj vè;{krk esa dhA
iztke.My dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ - ekjokM+ fgrdkfj.kh lHkk dh LFkkiuk 1924 bZ- esa pkaney
- Hkksxhyky Ikk.M~;k vkSj xkSjh 'kadj mikè;k; us Mwx¡ jiwj jkT; esa lqjk.kk }kjk dh xbZ vkSj blh ds lkFk ekjokM+ esa tutkx`fr
f'k{kk izlkj dh n`f"V ls ckxM+ lsok eafnj dh LFkkiuk dhA dk izkjEHk gqvkA
- 1931 bZ- esa t;ukjk;.k O;kl us ekjokM+ ;wFk yhx dh
- 'kksHkkyky xqIrk us lkxokM+k esa gfjtu vkJ; rFkk LFkkiuk dhA
ekf.kD;yky oekZ us lkxokM+k esa [kMykbZ vkJe dh LFkkiuk - 1934 esa ekjokM+ iztke.My dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ
dhA - 1938 bZ- esa lqHkk"kpUnz cksl dh tks/iqj ;k=kk ds le;
- iwukokM+k dk.M& lsok la?k }kjk lapkfyr IkkB'kkykvksa dks ekjokM+ yksd ifj"kn dk xBu dj bldk usrR` o
can djkus dh uhfr ds rgr ebZ] 1947 bZ- esa iwukokM+k xkao t;ukjk;.k O;kl dks lkSaik x;kA
esa lapkfyr ikB'kkyk dks èoLr dj vè;kid f'kojke Hkhy - t;ukjk;.k O;kl us ^mÙkjkf/dkjh 'kklu ds fy, la?k"kZ*
dks ihVkA ;g dk.M iwukokM+k dk.M dgk tkrk gSA uked xqIr laxBu dk xBu fd;kA
chdkusj iztke.My
- jkLrkiky dk.M& jkLrkiky xkao esa lsok la?k }kjk lapkfyr
ikB'kkyk MWwxa jiwj fj;klr }kjk can djus dk fojks/ djus ij - vDVwcj 1936 bZ- esa e?kkjke oS| }kjk chdkusj iztke.My
dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
ukuk HkkbZ [kkaV o 13 o"khZ; ckfydk dkyhckbZ] twu] 1947 esa
- chdkusj "kM;a=k dsl& 1931 bZ- esa tc egkjktk xaxkflag
vè;kid lsxa kHkkbZ dks cpkus ds fy, 'kghn gks x,A
yanu x, rks panuey cgM+ o muds lkfFk;ksa us ^chdkusj
esokM+ iztke.My
,d fnXxn'kZu* uke ls ipsZ forfjr djk,] ftlesa chdkusj
dh okLrfod fLFkfr dk fp=k.k FkkA blls varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij
egkjktk dk vieku gqvkA ykSVus ij cgM+ lR;ukjk;.k] Lora=krk vkanksyu laca/h vU; rF;
xksiky Lokeh vkfn ij jktnzkgs dk eqdnek pyk;kA ftls - fljksgh yksd ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk eqEcbZ esa 1933 bZ- esa
chdkusj "kM;a=k dsl dgrs gSA chdkusj yksd ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk dydÙkk esa 1936 bZ-
- 1932 bZ esa chdkusj jkT; esa lkoZtfud lqj{kk dkuwu Ikkl esa rFkk tSlyesj iztke.My dh LFkkiuk tks/iqj esa 1945
fd;k x;k ftls chdkusj dk dkyk dkuwu dh Hkh laKk nh bZ- esa dh xbZA
tkrh gSA
- 1907 bZ- esa ia- dUgS;kyky <wa< vkSj muds f'k"; Lokeh
- chdkusj "kM;a=k dsl ds odhy j?kqoh n;ky xks;y us
xksikynkl us pq: esa f'k{kk gsrq iq=kh IkkB'kkyk vkSj vNwrksa
1942 bZ- esa chdkusj jkT; iztk ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk dhA
dksVk iztke.My dh f'k{kk ds fy, dchj ikB'kkyk dh LFkkiuk dhA
- jktiwrkuk eè; Hkkjr lHkk dh LFkkiuk 1918 esa fnYyh
- dksVk esa jk"Vªh;rk ds tud ia- u;uwjke 'kekZ ekus tkrs gSA
esa dkaxszl vf/os'ku ds lkFk gqbAZ fot;flag ifFkd]
- ia- u;uwjke 'kekZ us dksVk esa 1934 bZ- esa gkM+krS h iztke.My
pkandj.k 'kkjnk] x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ }kjk LFkkfir bl lHkk
dh rFkk o"kZ 1939 bZ- esa vfHkUu gfj ds lg;ksx ls dksVk
ds fnYyh esa gq, izFke vf/os'ku dh vè;{krk iafMr
iztke.My dh LFkkiuk dhA
fxj/j 'kekZ us dhA izFke lHkkifr teukyky ctkt pqus
Hkjriqj iztke.My
x;sA
- Hkjriqj esa 1912 bZ- esa fgUnh lkfgR; lfefr dh LFkkiuk ds - fnlEcj]1919 esa jktiwrkuk eè; Hkkjr lHkk dk nwljk
le; ls tu&tkx`fr dh okLrfod 'kq:vkr gqbZA lfefr ds vf/os'ku ve`rlj gqvkA
laLFkkidksa esa izeq[k egar txUukFk vf/dkjh us 1920 bZ- esa
- Jh teukyky ctkt dh vè;{krk esa 1920 bZ- esa vtesj
fnYyh esa oSHko uked lekpkj i=k izdkf'kr fd;kA bUgha fnuksa
esa jktiwrkuk eè; Hkkjr lHkk dk rhljk vf/os'ku gqvkA
Hkjriqj esa 'kqf¼ vkanksyu Hkh pykA 1937 bZ- esa txUukFk
dDdM+ us dqN lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk Hkjriqj dkaxzsl e.My - 1919 esa o/kZ esa jktLFkku lsok la?k dh LFkkiuk gqbZA bls
dh LFkkiuk dhA 1920 bZ- esa vtquZ yky lsBh] dsljhflag ckjgB rFkk
- Xkksihyky ;kno dh vè;{krk esa 1938 bZ- esa Hkjriqj fot;flag ifFkd vtesj ys vk;sA
iztke.My dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA - vtesj ds fudV gVwaMh esa gfjHkkÅ mikè;k; }kjk xka/h
çtke.Mykas dk turk ds lkekftd& vkfFkZd mRFkku vkJe dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
es ;ksxnku - 1927 bZ- esa t;qij esa lsB teukyky ctkt us pj[kk la?k
jktLFkku es fofHkÂ fj;klrksa es mÙkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk] dh LFkkiuk dhA
ekSfyd vf/dkjksa dh psruk tkx`fr djus] fj;klrksa esa cqjkbZ;ksa ds - jktLFkku esa Nk=k leqnk; }kjk Lora=krk vkanksyu dk
var ds fy, çtke.My laxBuksa dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ buds ;ksxnku lw=kikr loZiFz ke vtesj esa gqvkA
dks fuEu fcanqokj le>k tk ldrk gS& - fgUnh Hkk"kk dks jktHkk"kk cukus ds fy, t;iqj jkT; esa
lkekftd mRFkku 1922 bZ- esa ,d vkanksyu pykA
& f'k{kk dk çlkj gqvkA
- ghjkyky 'kkL=kh }kjk 1929 esa ouLFkyh (Vksad) esa thou
& lkekftd lejlrk c<+hA
& jktuSfrd psruk dk fodkl gqvkA dqVhj uked laLFkk dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ tks orZeku esa
& f'k{kk ds Lrj es o`f¼ gqbAZ ouLFkyh fo'ofo|ky; ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
& NqvkNwr dh Hkkouk de gqbZA - 1931 bZ- esa vyoj ds Hkokuhlgk; 'kekZ fgUnqLrku
& lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ij çgkj fd;k x;kA lks'kfyLV fjifCydu vkehZ uked Økafrdkjh laxBu ds
& vf/dkjks ds çfr tkx:drk vk;hA izeq[k usrk ds :Ik esa lkeus vk;sA
& ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa ds çfr tqMk+ o mRiÂ gqvkA - Nxujkt pkSikluhokyk us tks/iqj esa 26 tuojh] 1932
& Lora=krk vkanksyu es lgHkkfxrk c<+hA
dks Lora=krk fnol ds miy{; esa jk"Vªh; >.Mk iQgjk;kA
& jpukRed dk;Z çkjaHk gq, ;Fkk chdkusj es dUgS;kyky o
Lokeh xksikynkl us iq=kh ikB'kkyk [kksyhA - ';ke th d`".k oekZ us nkeksnj O;kl ds lg;ksx ls C;koj
vkfFkZd mRFkku esa d`".kk diM+k fey dh LFkkiuk dha
& fdlkuksa dh ykx&ckx ,oa csxkj ds dehA - vtesj esa es;ks dkWyst essa izos'k Ikkus okys izFke Nks=k
& esokM+ esa 84 çdkj dh ykx&ckxs yh tkrh Fkh ;Fkk ryokj vyoj ujs'k eaxy flag FksA
ca/kbZ] pojh dj] mu ij jksd yxhA
& fdlkuksa dks Hkwfe ekfydkuk gd feykA
& vdky jkgr dk;Z çkjaHk gq,

jktLFkku dk ,dhdj.k
Hkkjr dh Lora=krk vo';EHkkoh FkhA fdUrq Lora=krk ds i'pkr Hkkjr dk Lo:i dSlk gksxk] bl ij fopkj djuk FkkA tSlk fd Kkr
gS fd Hkkjr nks Hkkxksa es c¡Vk Fkk& fczfV'k Hkkjr o ns'kh fj;klrsA
;g rks fuf'pr Fkk fd fczfV'k çkUr Lor% gh Hkkjr dk fgLlk gksxs fdarq ns'kh fj;klrksa dk Hkfo"; vfuf'pr gh FkkA fj;klrksa
es bl ckr dks ysdj lnSo gh 'akdk jgh Fkh fd dgh la?k es mudk foy; u dj fy;k tk;A
1935 bZ- ds ,DV dks fj;klrksa us iw.kZ:is.k vLohdkj dj fn;k Fkk] D;ksfd tks la?kh; <kapk bl ,DV es çLrkfor fd;k Fkk] og
muds Lora=k vfLrRo ds fy;s cM+k [krjk fn[k jgk FkkA ns'kh jktkvksa ds bl utfj;s dks jk"Vªokfn;ksa us cM+h gh xaHkhjrk ls fy;kA
mUgsa vans'kk gks x;k Fkk fd Hkfo"; dh yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk bu jktkvksa ds dkj.k vo:¼ gks ldrh gSA 1938 bZ- dk dkaxzsl dk
gfjiqjk vf/os'ku bl vka'kdk dk mnkgj.k FkkA 1939 bZ- ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd ifj"kn es usg: dh igy ij jkT;ksa
dh tula[;k o jktLo dh U;wure lhek,a fuf'pr dh xbZ vkSj Hkkjr ds 562 jkT;ksa dks 14 Hkkxksa es ck¡V fn;k x;kA bu jkT;ksa ds
jktuhfrd vfLrRo dks nwljh Hkh"k.k pqukSrh fØIl fe'ku ls feyh] ftlus ;g ladsr fn;k fd jkT;ks dh lÙkk feykdj fdlh cM+h
bdkbZ dk fuekZ.k Js;Ldj gksxkA vf[ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd ifj"kn dh jktLFkku çkUrh; 'kk[kk dh 3 uoEcj] 1946 dks gqbZ
cSBd esa ,d çLrko ikfjr fd;k] ftlesa ;g ekax j[kh xbZ] pw¡fd jktLFkku dk dksbZ Hkh jkT; vk/qfud çxfr'khy jkT; dh lqfo/k
miyC/ djkus dh fLFkfr es ugh gS] blfy;s jktLFkku ds lHkh jkT; rFkk vtesj esjokM+k çkUr dks feykdj ,d bdkbZ cuk fn;k
tkuk pkfg,A 16 ebZ] 1946 dks dSfcuV fe'ku us vR;Ur ?kkrd nwjxkeh c;ku fn;k] ftleas mu lc vf/djksa dks okil jkT;ksa dks
ykSVksus dh ckr dgh xbZ] tks mu jkT;ksa us vaxzst lkoZHkkSe lÙkk ds le{k lefiZr dj j[ks FksA vc jkT;ksa us vius la?k cukus dh
Lora=k bPNk O;Dr dhA Hkkjr dh varfje ljdkj ds lkFk ns'kh jkT;ksa dks lekurk çnku dj nh xbZA vaxsztksa dh bl uhfr us Hkkjr
dh Lora=krk es njkj mRiÂ dj nhA blls ns'kh jkT;ksa ds fofHkÂ 'kkldks dh Lora=k o fujdq'k ço`fÙk dks c<+kok feykA psEcj vkWiQ
fçUlst tSlh laLFkkvksa ds ekè;e ls 'kkldksa dh bl Hkkouk dks iks"k.k feykA
chdkusj ds egkjktk us 'kkldksa dks rRdky lfo/ku lHkk es lfEefyr gksus ds fy;s dgk] ftlls jkT;ksa ds fgrksa dh lqj{kk
lafo/ku es gks ldsA
tqykbZ] 1947 eas ljnkj iVsy ds usr`Ro es ,d LVs~Vl ea=kky; 5 tqykbZ] 1947 cuk ftldk eq[; dk;Z jk"Vª dk ,dhdj.k
djuk FkkA ,slk dguk xyr u gksxk fd Hkkjr ds ,dhdj.k dk Js; ykSg iq:"k ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy o ea=kky; ds lfpo oh-
ih- esuu dks tkrk gSA ljnkj us jkT;ksa dh ns'kHkfDr o yksd dY;k.kdkjh uhfr dh ç'kalk djrs gq, mUgs ;kn fnyk;k fd dsfcusV
fe'ku dks Lohdkj djrs gq, jkT;ksa us rhu foHkkx&lqj{kk] fons'kh ekeys o lapkj ekè;eksa dks Hkkjr la?k dks lkSaius dh ckr Lohdkj
dh FkhA Hkkjr ljdkj vc Hkh ek=k bu foHkkxksa dk leiZ.k pkgrh gS] blls vf/d dqN ughA
Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vf/fu;e dh /kjk vkB ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; ns'kh fj;klrksa ij LFkkfir loksPZ prk lekIr dj nh xbZ o
loksZPprk ns'kh fj;klrks dks iqu% gLrkarfjr dj nh xbZA i`Fkd vfLrRo j[kus dh bPNqd fj;klrks ds fy;s de ls de 10 yk[k dh
vkcknh o ,d djksM+ dh okf"kZd vk; fuf'pr dh xbZA jktLFkku eas ek=k pkj jkT; gh bl 'krZ dks iwjh djrs FksA os Fks& t;iqj]
tks/iqj] mn;iqj o chdkusjA
tgka ,d vksj LVsV~l ea=kky; bu fj;klrksa dks la?k es ykus dk bPNqd Fkk] ogha jktLFkku dh fj;klrksa es dk;Z dj jgh laLFkk,a
tSls çtkeaMy o çtk ifj"kn Hkh vius&vius {ks=kksa es la?k ds i{k es tuer rS;kj djus es tqVh FkhA
jktLFkku ds çeq[k jkT;ksa dh leL;k,¡
Lora=krk ,oa foHkktu ds i'pkr iQSys lkaçnkf;d >xM+s leLr dk eq[; dkj.k FksA vyoj o Hkrjiqj es eso tkfr dh leL;k iqu%
mHkj dj vkbZA lkFk gh xk¡/hth dh gR;k es vyoj jkT; dk uke vkus ls] mls Lora=k ugha NksM+k tk ldrk FkkA ;gk¡ ds 'kkld us
Lora=krk fnol Hkh mYykliwoZd rjhds ls ugha euk;k FkkA
tks/iqj dh HkkSxksfyd o lkefjd fLFkfr vR;ar egRoiw.kZ FkhA IkkfdLrku dh rjiQ ls tks/iqj dks viuh rjiQ feykus dh ppkZ
tksjksa ij FkhA Hkkjr ljdkj ;g tksf[ke ugha mBk ldrh FkhA
esokM+ viuh fof'k"V ,sfrgkfld fLFkfr ds dkj.k la?k es foy; dk bPNqd ugha FkkA egkjk.kk us lq>ko fn;k fd jktLFkku ds
ckdh jkT; pkgsa rks esokM+ es fey ldrs gSA esokM+ dk tkxhjnkj oxZ Hkh bl foy; dk çcy fojks/h FkkA
m/j chdkusj Hkh lhekar jkT; gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjr ds fy;s vR;ar egRoiw.kZ çns'k Fkk gkykafd lafo/ku fuekZ=kh lHkk esa chdkusj
dk çfrfuf/Ro Fkk] fiQj Hkh 'kkld dk ekul Lora=k vfLrRo cuk;s j[kus dk gh FkkA
cnyrh gqbZ jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr es esokM+ dh uhfr esa dqN ifjorZu vk;k vkSj ogk¡ ds egkjk.kk us 25 twu] 1946 bZ- dks
mn;iqj es jktLFkkuh jktkvksa dk ,d lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k] ftldk eq[; mís'; ,d la?k cukuk FkkA fdUrq leLr 'kkld ,d
er ugh gks lds blfy;s egkjk.kk dh ;g ;kstuk vliQy jghA blh çdkj Mwxa jiqj ds 'kkld us Hkh ckxM+ jkT; (Mwxa jiqj ck¡lokM+k
o çrkix<+) cukus dk vliQy ç;Ru fd;kA ;gh ç;kl t;iqj o dksVk ds 'kkld ds Hkh jgsA fdUrq vkilh vfo'okl o iwokZxgz ksa
ds dkj.k ;s ;kstuk,a liQy ugha gks ldhA
lcls igys rks fj;klrh foHkkx us vyoj jkT; dk ç'kklu vius gkFk es ys fy;kA blh çdkj Hkjriqj es Hkh Hkkjrh;
ç'kkld fu;qDr fd;k x;kA
! fuekZ.k dSIlwy  iwoZ jktLFkku la?k (25 ekpZ 1948)
- Lora=krk ds le; Hkkjr esa 565 fj;klrsa FkhA dksVk] >kykokM+ o Mwaxjiqj ds 'kkldksa us ,d gkM+krS h la?k cukus
- Hkkjr esa ns'kh fj;klrksa dks ,dhdj.k djus dk dk;Z Hkkjr ds
izFke x`gea=kh ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy o oh-ih- esuu dks dk fopkj fd;kA LFkkuh; çtkeaMyksa dk ncko Hkh fujarj la?k
fn;k x;k FkkA ds i{k es cu jgk FkkA 3 ekpZ] 1948 bu rhuksa 'kkldksa us
- dsUnz ljdkj us ns'kh fj;klrksa ds ,dhdj.k djus gsrq 5 tqykbZ fnYyh es feydj la?k dk fopkj Lohdkj dj fy;kA ;g jk;
1947 dks ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy (ykSgiq:"k) ds usr`Ro ckalokM+k] çrkix<+ o Mwaxjiqj ds jkT;ksa dh Hkh cuhA 'kkgiqjk o
esa LV~Vsl ea=kky; (fj;klr foHkkx) dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA fd'kux<+ nks ,slh fj;klrs Fkh] ftUgsa rksi lykeh dk vf/dkj
- Hkkjr Lora=krk ds le; jktLFkku us 19 fj;klrsa] 3 fBdkus ugha FkkA bu nksuksa us iwoZ es vtesj&esjokM+k esa foy; ds ç;kl
rFkk vtesj esjokM+k dsUnz 'kkflr izn's k FksA dk fojks/ fd;k FkkA ;s jktLFkku dh vU; fj;klrks ds la?k es
- 19 fj;klrksa esa& vyoj] Hkjriqj] djkSyh] /kSyiqj] dksVk] feyus ds bPNqd Fks] blfy;s la;qDr jktLFkku es lfEefyr gksuk
cwWanh] >kykokM+] MwWaxjiqj] ckalokM+k] izrkix<+] Vksad] 'kkgiqjk] bUgksus Lohdkj dj fy;kA bl çdkj bl la?k esa 9 jkT; Fks&
fd'kux<+] mn;iqj] tks/iqj] t;iqj] chdkusj] tSlyesj] fljksgh ckalokM+k] Mwaxjiqj] çrkix<+] dksVk] cwanh] >kykokM+] fd'kux<+]
- 3 fBdkuksa esa& ykok&t;iqj] uhejk.kk&vyoj] dq'kyx<+& 'kkgiqjk vkSj VksadA bl la?k dk {ks=kiQy 19807 oxZ ehy]
ckalokM+k vkcknh 23-5 yk[k ,oa vk; 1-90 djksM+ Fkh of"kZdA ofj"Brk]
- jktLFkku esa loZizFke la?k fuekZ.k dk dk;Z 25 twu] 1946 dks {ks=kiQy o egRo ds vk/kj ij cwUnh ds 'kkld dks ;g
mn;iqj ds egkjk.kk Hkwiky flag }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA
- la?k fuekZ.k gsrq esokM+ egkjk.kk Hkwikyflag }kjk mn;iqj esa Lohdk;Z ugha Fkk D;ksfd dqyh; ijaijk es mldk dksVk ls Å¡pk
jktiwrkuk fj;klrh jktkvksa dk lEesyu cqyk;k rFkk jktLFkku LFkku FkkA blfy;s mlus mn;iqj ds egkjk.kk ls la?k es feyus
;wfu;u fuekZ.k dk izLrko lq>k;k x;kA dh çkFkZuk dh] D;ksfd blls mn;iqj dk egkjk.kk gh jktçeq[k
- Lora=krk izkfIr ds le; jktLFkku dh 19 fj;klrksa esa {ks=kiQy gksrkA mn;iqj ds egkjk.kk us dksbZ vuqdwy mÙkj ugh fn;kA vr%
fj;klr& tks/iqj] lcls NksVhA fj;klr&'kkgiqj] lcls izkphu bu ukS jkT;ksa ds fy;s ,d laf{kIr lafo/ku rS;kj fd;k x;k vkSj
fj;klr&esokM+ rFkk lcls uohu fj;klr&>kykokM+ FkhA bldk mn~?kkVu 25 ekpZ 1948 bZ- dks gksuk r; gqvkA
- jktLFkku fuekZ.k ds lkr pj.k pys FksA b/j esokM+ ds la;qDr jktLFkku esa lfEefyr u gksus ds
- jktLFkku fuekZ.k izfØ;k 18 ekpZ 1948 ls 1 uoEcj 1956 iQSlys dk rhoz fojks/ gqvkA esokM+ çtkeaMy o turk us dM+h
rd pyh FkhA çfrfØ;k O;Dr dhA varr% esokM+ ds egkjk.kk Hkwiky flag dks
eRL; la?k (18 ekpZ 1948) Li"V gks x;k fd la?k es feys fcuk jkT; dh çxfr ugh gks
HkkSxksfyd] tkrh;] vkfFkZd n`f"Vdks.k ls vyoj] Hkjriqj] ik;sxhA mUgksus 23 ekpZ] 1948 dks foy; ds fu.kZ; dh lwpuk
/kSyiqj o djkSyh lerk o lekurk fd;s FksA pkjksa 'kkldks dks Hkkjr ljdkj dks nhA fdarq la;qDr jktLFkku ds mn~?kkVu dk
27 iQjojh] 1946 dks fnYyh cqykdj muds le{k la?k dk fu;r fnu Vkyk ugh tk ldrk FkkA dsUnzh; ea=kh ,u-oh-
çLrko j[kk x;k] ftls lg"kZ Lohdkj dj fy;kA Jh ds-,e- xkMfxy us 25 ekpZ] 1948 dks la;qDr jktLFkku dk fof/or
eqa'kh ds lq>ko ij bl la?k dk uke eRL; la?k j[kk x;k] tks mn~?kkVu fd;kA dksVk ds 'kkld jktçeq[k cus o xksdqy yky
egkHkkjr dky esa bl {ks=k dk uke FkkA 28 iQjojh] 1948 dks vlkok dks ç/kuea=kh fu;qDr fd;k x;kA
bl vk'k; ds nLrkost ij gLrk{kj fd;s x;sA 18 ekpZ] 1948 ! fuekZ.k dSIlwy 
dks bl la?k dk mn~?kkVu dsUnzh; ea=kh ,u-oh- xkMfxy us fd;kA - jktLFkku la?k jktLFkku fuekZ.k dk f}rh; pj.k FkkA
la?k dh tula[;k 18 yk[k o okf"kZd vkenuh 2 djksM+ FkhA - gkM+krS h {ks=k dh rhu fj;klrs dksVk] cwna h] >kykokM+ dks
/kSyiqj ds 'kkld mn;Hkku flg dks jktçeq[k fu;qDr
djds ,d eaf=keaMy dk xBu fd;k x;kA 'kksHkkjke (vyoj) feykdj gkMkSrh ;wfu;u dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrs FksA
eRL; la?k ds ç/ku ea=kh cus vkSj bl la?k es pkj jkT;ksa es - ckaxM izns'k dh rhu fj;klrs Mwaxjiqj] cklaokM+k] izrkix<+ ;s
ls ,d&,d lnL; ysdj eaf=ke.My cuk;k x;kA rhuks feydj ckaxM izns'k ;wfu;u cukuk pkgrs FksA
xksihyky ;kno (Hkjriqj) ekLVj HkksykukFk (vyoj) MkW- eaxy - jktLFkku la?k esa 9 fj;klrksa dksVk] cwanh] >kykokM+] ckalokM+k]
flag (/kSyiqj) fpjathyky 'kekZ (djkSyh) us 'kiFk yhA Mw¡xjiqj] izrkix<+] fd'kux<+ 'kkgiqjk o Vksad lfEefyr FksA
! fuekZ.k dSIlwy  - jktLFkku la?k dk fuekZ.k 25 ekpZ 1948 dks fd;k x;k FkkA
- jktLFkku fuekZ.k izfØ;k dk izFke pj.k eRL; la?k FkkA bldk mn~?kkVu ,u-oh- xkMfxy us fd;kA
- eRL; la?k dk fuekZ.k 18 ekpZ 1940 dks gqvk FkkA - jktLFkku la?k dh jkt/kuh dksVk rFkk jktizeq[k dksVk
- eRL; la?k esa 4 fj;klrksa vyoj] Hkjriqj] /kSyiqj o djkSyh egkjkt Hkhe flag dks cuk;k x;k FkkA
rFkk ,d fBdkuk uhejk.kk 'kkfey FkkA - jktLFkku la?k dk mijktizeq[k Mw¡xjiqj egkjkt & y{e.k
- eRL; la?k dk mn~?kkVu 18 ekpZ 1948 dks dsfUnz; ea=kh ,u- flag dks rFkk iz/kuea=kh 'kkgiqjk ds xksdqy yky vklkok
oh xkMfxy }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA dks fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA
- eRL; la?k dk uke dk lq>ko ds-,e- eqa'kh }kjk fn;k x;k la;Dq r jktLFkku la?k (18 vizSy 1948)
FkkA esokM+ dh LohÑfr ds i'pkr 'krksZ ij fopkj foe'kZ 'kq: gqvkA
- eRL; la?k dh jkt/kuh vyoj rFkk jktizeq[k /kSyiqj varr% egkjk.kk dks vkthou jkt çeq[k eku fy;k x;kA ;g in
egkjktk mn;Hkku flag dks cuk;k x;k FkkA oa'kkuqxr j[kk x;k tks egkjktk dh e`R;q ds ckn lekIr gksuk r;
- eRL; la?k dk iz/kuea=kh vyoj ds 'kksHkkjke dks cuk;k x;k ekuk x;kA la;qDr jkT; dh jkt/kuh mn;iqj j[kh xbZ fdUrq
FkkA fo/kulHkk dk çfro"kZ ,d vf/os'ku dksVk es j[kuk fuf'pr
gqvkA bl lafo/ku dh /kjk vkB ds vuqlkj jktçeq[k dks ,d ubZ laxfBr bdkbZ dk mn~?kkVu 30 ekpZ 1948 dks fd;k] ftls
u;s foyhuhdj.k i=k ij gLrk{kj djus Fks o Hkkjrh; lafo/ku orZeku es jktLFkku fnol ds :i es euk;k tkrk gSA Jh
lHkk }kjk la;qDr jktLFkku ls lacaf/r fu.kZ; Lohdkj djus FksA ghjkyky 'kkL=kh us 4 vçSy 1949 dks eaf=keaMy dks deku
esokM+ ds egkjk.kk us 20 yk[k :i;s fçohilZ ds :i es ekaxs laHkkyh ftleas loZ Jh fl¼jkt <M~<k (t;iqj) çseukjk;.k
FksA blds tokc es vkSipkfjd fçohilZ rks 10 yk[k gh j[kk ekFkqj (mn;Ikqj)] Hkwjy s ky c;k (mn;iqj)] iQwypan ckiuk
x;k fdarq okf"kZd vuqnku ds :i esa 5 yk[k :i;s o /kfeZd (tks/iqj)] ujflag dNokgk (tks/iqj)] jkojktk guqoar flag
vuq"Bkuksa ds fy, 5 yk[k :i;s LohÑr fd;s x;sA 11 vçSy (tks/iqj)] j?kqcjn;ky xks;y (chdkusj) o osniky R;kxh
1948 bZ- dks esokM+ us foy; i=k ij gLrk{kj fd;sA bl la?k (dksVk) lfEefyr FksA t;iqj ds 'kkld dks 18 yk[k :i;s]
dk mn~?kkVu ia- tokgjyky usg: us 18 vçSy] 1948 bZ- dks tks/iqj 'kkld dks 17-5 yk[k :i;s] chdkusj 'kkldk dks 17
mn;iqj es fd;kA esokM+ ds egkjktk jkt çeq[k] dksVk ds yk[k :i;s] tSlyesj 'kkld dks 2-8 yk[k :i;s fçohilZ
'kkld ofj"B mijkt çeq[k o cwanh o Mwaxjiqj ds 'kkld ds :i es LohÑr fd;s x;sA t;iqj dks jkt/kuh ?kksf"kr dj]
dfu"B mijkt çeq[k ?kksf"kr fd;s x;sA ea=kheaMy es xfrjks/ mPp U;k;ky; tks/iqj] f'k{kk foHkkx chdkusj] [kfut foHkkx
mRiÂ gksus ls ia- usg: dks gLr{ksi djuk iM+kA xfrjks/ dk mn;iqj o Ñf"k foHkkx Hkjriqj es LFkkfir fd;s x;sA
dkj.k lkearksa dk ea=kheaMy es çfrfuf/Ro dks ysdj FkkA varr% ! fuekZ.k dSIlwy 
ekf.kD;yky oekZ ds usr`Ro esa xksdy q yky vlkok ('kkgiqjk)] - o`gr jktLFkku la?k fuekZ.k dh jk; 9 uoEcj] 1948 dks
eksguyky] lq[kkfM+;k] çseukjk;.k ekFkqj] Hkwjy
s ky c;k (lHkh t;izdk'k ukjk;.k }kjk nh xbZ gSA
mn;iqj)] Hkksxhyky ikaM~;k (Mwaxjiqj)] ia- vfHkÂ gfj (dksVk)] - o`gr jktLFkku la?k fuekZ.k ds fy, jktLFkku vkanksyu
c`tlqanj 'kekZ (cwanh) dks 'kiFk fnykbZ xbZA lfefr cukbZ xbZ ftlls vè;{k jke euksgj yksfg;k FksA
! fuekZ.k dSIlwy 
- o`gr jktLFkku la?k esa 4 fj;klrsa t;iqj] tks/iqj] tSlyesj
- ;g jktLFkku fuekZ.k izfØ;k dk r`rh; pj.k FkkA chdkusj 'kkfey FkhA
- jktLFkku la?k esa 18 vizSy 1948 ds fnu esokM+ (mn;iqj) - o`gr jktLFkku dk mn~?kkVu 30 ekpZ 1949 dks ljnkj
ds foy; ls la;qDr jktLFkku la?k dk fuekZ.k gqvk FkkA oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA
- la;qDr jktLFkku dk mn~?kkVu iafMr tokgj yky usg: }kjk - orZeku esa 30 ekpZ dks jktLFkku fnol euk;k tkrk gSA
fd;k x;k FkkA - o`gr jktLFkku la?k dh jkt/kuh t;iqj o jktizeq[k t;iqj
- la;qDr jktLFkku dh jkt/kuh mn;iqj rFkk vkthou jktizeq[k egkjktk lokbZ ekuflag dks cuk;k x;k FkkA
mn;iqj egkjk.kk Hkwiky flag dks cuk;k x;k FkkA - o`gr jktLFkku la?k dk eq[;ea=kh ghjkyky 'kkL=kh FksA
- la;qDr jktLFkku la?k dk izfro"kZ vf/os'ku dksVk esa vk;ksftr la;qDr o`gr jktLFkku la?k (15 ebZ 1949)
fd;k tkuk j[kk x;k FkkA
bl lkjh çfØ;k ds chp eRL; la?k Lora=k :i ls dk;Z dj
- la;qDr jktLFkku la?k dk ofj"B mijkt izeq[k dksVk egkjko jgk Fkk fdarq ljdkj dbZ leL;kvkas ls f?kjh FkhA eso dk minzo
Hkhe flag dks cuk;k x;k rFkk dfu"B mijkt izeq[k Mw¡xjiqj ljdkj ds fy;s fo'ks"k fprk dh ckr Fkh] Hkrjiqj fdlku lHkk
egkjkt y{ke.k flag o cwna h egkjkt cgknqj flag dks cuk;k o ukxfjd lHkk }kjk ljdkj fojks/h vkanksyu pje lhek ij
x;kA FkkA Hkjriqj fdlku lHkk us c`tçns'k uke ls Hkjriqj&/kSyiqj ds
- la;qDr jktLFkku la?k dh iz/kuea=kh ekf.kD;yky oekZ dks vyx vfLrRo dh ekax j[khA vc ;g vk'kadk O;kIr gksus yxh
cuk;k x;kA fd dgha eRL; la?k dh gh fo?kVu u gks tk;sA bl vk'kadk dks
o`gr jktLFkku (30 ekpZ 1949) eísutj j[krs gq, pkjksa fj;klrksa ds 'kkldks dks fnYyh cqyk;k
x;kA fopkj.kh; eqík ;g Fkk fd ;s jkT; fudVorhZ jkT;
esokM+ ds fot; ds lkFk gh 'ks"k cps jkT;ksa dk foy; vklku mÙkjçns'k es foy; gksxs vFkok jktLFkku easA tgk¡ vyoj o
o fuf'pr gks x;kA t;iqj] tks/iqj] chdkusj o tSlyesj es djkSyh jktLFkku es foy; ds i{k esa Fks ogh Hkjriqj vkSj
foy; ,oa ,dhdj.k dk tuer vkSj Hkh rst gks x;kA tSlyesj /kSyiqj mÙkjçns'k es foy; ds bPNwd FksA leL;k ds lek/ku
dks NksM+dj 'ks"k jkT; thO; jkT; FksA lektoknh ny ds usrk ds fy;s Jh 'kadjjkonso dh vè;{krk es lfefr cukbZ xbZA bl
t;çdk'k ukjk;.k us 9 uoEcj] 1948 dks ,d lkoZtfud lHkk lfefr dh fliQkfj'k ds vuqlkj Hkjriqj o /kSyiqj dk tuer
esa vfoyac o`gn jktLFkku ds fuekZ.k dh ekax dhA vf[ky jktLFkku es foy; ds i{k es FkkA 15 ebZ] 1949 dks eRL; la?k
Hkkjrh; Lrj Ikj ^jktLFkku vkanksyu lfefr* dk fuekZ.k fd;k jktLFkku es lfEefyr gks x;k o 'kksHkkjke 'kkL=kh dks eaf=keaMy
x;k ftlds vè;{k jke euksgj yksfg;k us Hkh ,dhÑr jktLFkku es 'kkfey dj fy;k x;kA bl lkjh çfØ;k ds ckn fljksgh o
dh eakx dhA Jh oh-ih- esuu us 'kkldksa ls vyx&vyx vtesj esjokM+k dk ç'u jg x;kA
feydj ;g trk fn;k fd lÙkk vf/d fnuks rd muds dCtsa ! fuekZ.k dSIlwy 
es jgus okyh ugha gS vkSj foy; vfuok;Z gSA ljnkj iVsy us
14 tuojh] 1948 dks 'ks"k jkT;ksa ds foy; dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA - blds varxZr o`gr jktLFkku esa eRL; la?k dk foy; dj
esokM+ ds egkjk.kk dks vkthou egkjkt çeq[k ?kksf"kr fd;k fn;k x;k A blds fy, dsUnz ljdkj dh MkWa- 'kadjnso
x;kA t;iqj ds 'kkld dks jktçeq[k tks/iqj o dksVk ds lfefr dh fliQkfj'k dks vk/kj cuk;k x;k eRL; la?k ds
'kkldksa dks ofj"B mijktçeq[k o cwanh o Mw¡xjiqj 'kkldksa dks iz/kuea=kh 'kksHkkjke dqekor dks ghjkyky 'kkL=kh eaf=keaMy esa
dfu"B mijktçeq[k cuk;k x;kA jktçeq[k o mlds ea=kheaMy 'kkfey dj fn;k x;kA
dks dsUnzh; ljdkj ds lkekU; fu;a=k.k es j[kk x;kA jktçeq[k - eRL; la?k] la;qDr jktLFkku o o`gr jktLFkku la?k dk 13
dks u;s lafoy;u i=k ij gLrk{kj djds lafo/ku lHkk }kjk ebZ] 1949 dks foy; dj o`gr jktLFkku la?k dk fuekZ.k
la?kh; o leorhZ lwfp;ksa dks Lohdkj djuk FkkA ljnkj iVsy us fd;k x;k FkkA
jktLFkku la?k (26 tuojh 1950 bZ-) bdkbZ us vtesj esjokM+k dks Hkh jktLFkku esa foyhu djus dh
ekax iqjtksj rjhds ls mBkbZA gfjHkkÅ mikè;k;] tks ml {ks=k ds
ljnkj iVsy fljksgh dks egkxqtjkr es lfEefyr djuk pkgrs FksA çfl¼ usrk Fks] o vtesj ds dkaxszl tuksa dh ;g ekU;rk Fkh
fljksgh dk ç'kklu eqacbZ ljdkj dks lkSai fn;kA xqtjkr fd ç'kklu dh n`f"V ls NksVs&NksVs jkT;ksa dk vfLrRo mfpr gSA
lkaLÑfrd vk/kj ij fljksgh ij viuk vf/dkj trk jgk FkkA bl çdj.k dks Hkh jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx dks lkSai fn;k x;kA jkT;
iVsy us dwVuhfr viukrs gq, 1950 es fljksgh ds nks VqdMs dj iquxZBu vk;ksx us nksuksa gh {ks=kks]a fljksgh o vtesj esjokM+k dks
fn;s ftlesa 304 oxZ ehy {ks=k ds 89 xkao xqtjkr es ns fn;s o jktLFkku es foy; ds fy;s mi;qDr le>kA ifj.kkeLo:i 1
'ks"k fljksgh jktLFkku es feyk fn;k x;kA bl çdkj fljksgh ds uoEcj] 1956 dks jktLFkku dk ,dhdj.k iw.kZ gqvkA jktçeq[k
nks çeq[k vkd"kZ.k nsyokM+k o vkcw jksM+ xqtjkr es pys x;sA bl in lekIr dj fn;k x;k o jkT; ds çFke jkT;iky ds :i esa
dne dk jktLFkku es rhoz fojks/ gqvk] ftldk usr`Ro eq[;r% ljnkj xq:eq[k fugky flag dks 'kiFk fnykbZ xbZA laf{kIr :i esa
xksdqyHkkbZ HkV~V us fd;kA ia- tokgjyky usg: us bl leL;k jktra=k o lkearokn ls çtkra=k rd dh çfØ;k es çtkeaMyksa]
ds lek/ku gsrq tuusrkvks us ncko cuk;kA varr% blds fuiVkjs yksdusrkvksa o tulk/kj.k dh bPNk 'kfDr dh Hkwfedk egrh
ds fy;s bl çdj.k dks jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx dks lkSai fn;kA jghA
! fuekZ.k dSIlwy  ! fuekZ.k dSIlwy 
- bl pj.k ds varxZr la;qDr o`gÙk jktLFkku esa vkcw jksM+ o - jkT; ds ,dhdj.k ds bl lkrosa o vafre pj.k essa dsUnz
nsyokM+k rglhy ds vykok 'ks"k fljksgh jkT; dk foy; ljdkj }kjk xfBr jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx (ftlds vè;{k MkW
fd;k x;kA iQty vyh Fks) dh fliQkfj'kksa ds vk/kj ij vtesj
- vc jkT; dk uke jktLFkku la?k j[kk x;kA vkcw jksM+ ,oa &esjokMk {ks=k vkcw ,oa nsyokM+k rglhy rFkk eè;izns'k ds
nsyokM+k rglhy cEcbZ izkUr esa feykbZ xbZA eanlkSj ftys dh Hkkuiqjk rglhy dk ,d xkao lqusy VIik
- jktLFkku ds usrkvksa us fljksgh ds foHkktu dks Lohdkj ugha jktLFkku esa feyk;k x;k tcfd >kykokM+ dk fljksat
fd;k varr%1 uoEcj] 1956 bZ- dks vkcw jksM+ ,oa nsyokM+k mi[k.M eè; Hkkjr (eè; izn's k) esa feyk;k x;kA
dks Hkh jktLFkku esa feyk fn;k x;kA - jkT; esa jkT;iky dk in l`ftr fd;k x;kA ljnkj xq:eq[k
jktLFkku (1 uoEcj] 1956 bZ-) fugky flag jktLFkku ds igys jkT;Ikky cuk,A jktizeq[k in
fczfV'k dky es vtesj&esjokM+k ,d dsUnz 'kkflr çns'k jgkA lekIr dj nsus ls jktra=k ds vafre vo'ks"k Hkh jktLFkku esa
iw.kZ jktLFkku ,dhdj.k ds ckn bl {ks=k Lora=k NksM+uk u fliQZ lekIr gks x,A eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k bl le; jkT; ds
vO;ogkfjd gksrk cfYd jktuhfrd vnwjnf'kZrk dk Hkh uewuk eq[;ea=kh in ij vklhu FksA
gksrkA vf[ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd ifj"kn dh jktiwrkuk
,dhdj.k ds fofHkÂ pj.k
pj.k uke jkT; jktçeq[k ç/kuea=kh@eq[;ea=kh frfFk@o"kZ
çFke eRL; la?k vyoj] Hkjriqj /kSyiqj 'kkld Jh 'kksHkkjke 18 ekpZ] 1948
/kSyiqj] djkSyh mn;Hkku flag
f}rh; la;qDr jktLFkku la?k dksVk] dksVk ujs'k Jh xksdqy yky vlkok 25 ekpZ] 1948
canw h] >kykokM+]
Mwaxjiqj] ckalokM+k]
çrkix<+] 'kkgiqjk]
fd'kux<] Vksd a ]
dq'kyx<+ (fBdkuk)
r`rh; la;qDr jktLFkku f}rh; pj.k ds mn;iqj egkjk.kk Jh ekf.kD;yky oekZ 18 vçSy] 1948
(esokM+ foy;) jkT;ksa ds lkFk esokM+ Hkwiky flag
prqFkZ o`gr jktLFkku r`rh; pj.k ds jkT;ksa mn;iqj egkjk.kk Jh ghjkyky 'kkL=kh 30 ekpZ] 1949
ds lkFk t;iqj] Hkwiky flag
tks/iqj] chdkusj] egkjktçeq[k t;iqj
tSlyesj o ykok ujs'k jktçeq[k
(fBdkuk)
iape o`gr jktLFkku çFke o prqFkZ pj.k ^^ ** 15 ebZ] 1949
ds jkT;
(uhejk.kk&fBdkuk
lfgr)
"k"Be~ o`gr~ jktLFkku iape pj.k ds lkFk jkT;iky xq:eq[k 26 tuojh] 1950
fljksgh (vkcw o fugky flag
nsyokM+k dks
NksM+dj)
lIre jktLFkku "k"Be pj.k ds lkFk 1 uoacj] 1956
vtesj vkcw
nsyokM+k o lqusy
VIik

fuekZ.k dSIlwy -
- 'kadjjk; nso lfefr ds ijke'kZ ls vyoj] /kSyiqj fj;klrksa dks jktLFkku esa feyk;k x;k FkkA
- ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy fljksgh dks xqtjkr esa feykuk pkgrs Fks] ftldk fojks/ xksdqy HkkbZ HkV~V us usr`Ro esa gqvk Fkk rFkk
nsyokM+k o vkcw dks fljksgh esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA
- lqusyVIik igys eè;izns'k ds Hkkuiqjk dk fgLlk Fkk] ftls jktLFkku esa feyk;k x;k rFkk jktLFkku ds >kykokM+ dk fljksat Hkkx
eè;izns'k dks fn;k x;kA
- jktLFkku esa jkT;iky in 26 tujojh] 1950 dks ykxw gqvk Fkk] izFke jkT;iky xq:eq[k fugky flag dks cuk;k x;k FkkA
jktLFkku ds izeq[k Lora=krk lsukuh
vtqZuyky lsBh jko xksiky flag [kjok
- tUe& 9 flrEcj] 1880 (t;iqj) tSu ifjokj esaA - tUe & 19 vDVwcj] 1873 esokM+ fj;klr ds [kjok fBdkus
- 1906 bZ- t;iqj esa f'k{kk izpkjd lfefr dh LFkkiuk dhA esa (vtesj)
- 1907 bZ- esa vtesj esa tSu o/Zeku ikB'kkyk dh LFkkiuk dh - jktLFkku esa l'kL=k Økafr ds tudA
ftls 1908 esa t;iqj LFkkukUrfjr dj nhA (Hkkjr dh izFke - dsljh flag ckjgB ds lkFk feydj ohj Hkkjr lHkk (1903
jk"Vªh; fo|kihB) bZ-) dh LFkkiuk dhA
- dk;Z{ks=k&ftyk vtesj - 1915 bZ- ns'k O;kih Økafr dh ;kstuk cukbZA
- iqLrds&'kqn eqfDr] L=kh eqfDr] enu ijkt;] ik'oZ;KA - EkkpZ 1939 dks fu/u & fu/u ds ckn dsljhflag us dgk
- êgsUnz dqekj*&ukVd ^^jg~;ksas yky ikapky esa] egkjk"Vª esa ckyA jkatr jktLFkku esa
- t;iqj egkjktk us iz/kuea=kh dh ukSdjh dk izLrko fn;k rc xkSjoe; xksikyA**
lsBhth us dgk ^^vtqZu ukSdjh djsxk rks vaxzstksa dks Hkkjr ls nkeksnj nkl jkBh
ckgj dkSu fudkysxkA** - tUe &iksdj.k (tSlyesj) 8 iQjojh] 1884 bZ-A
- jktLFkku ds izFke ØkafrdkjhA - C;koj esa vk;Z lekt o gkse :y yhx (1916) dh LFkkiuk
- jktiwrkus esa jk"Vªh;rk ds tUenkrkA dhA
- nsgkolku ds volj ij iafMr lqUnjyky us Ja¼ktfy vfiZr - C;koj esa lukru /eZ] Ldwy] dkWyts rFkk uoHkkjr fo|ky;
djrs gq, dgk fd ^^ n/hth tSlk R;kx vkSj n`<+rk ysdj - dh LFkkiuk dhA
tUesa Fks vkSj mlh n`<+rk ls mUgksaus e`R;q dks xys yxk;kA** - jktLFkku ds Lora=krk laxzke ds Hkkek'kkg (28 twu Hkkek'kkg
fot;flag ifFkd t;arh)
- tUe&24 ekpZ] 1882&xq<o+ kyh xzke] cqyUn'kgj (mÙkjizns'k)
- dk;Z{ks=k&vtesj ftykA
- ewy uke& Hkwiflag
- jktLFkku esa fdlku vkanksyu ds tudA - 1889 jkT; esa lcls igys lw=kh oL=k fey dh LFkkiuk dh
- fpÙkkSM+ esa fo|k izpkj.kh lHkk dh LFkkiuk (vksNM+h xkao esa (buds firk [khaojkt jkBh us)
gfjHkkbZ fdadj ds lkFk feydj) - Ckky xaxk/j fryd dh mxz uhfr;ksa ds leFkZd A
- o/kZ ls ^jktLFkku dsljh* uked lekpkj i=k dk laiknuA - 21 iQjojh 1915 bZ- dh Økafr gsrq lgk;rkA
- 1920 bZ- vtesj esa jktLFkku lsok la?k dh LFkkiuk dhA - 2 tuojh 1918 bZ- dks fu/uA
jktuSfrd psruk tkxzr djus dk lokZf/d Js; jktLFkku lsok tksjkoj flag ckjgB
la?k dks tkrk gSA - dsljh flag ckjgB ds NksVs HkkbZ
- ohj Hkkjr lekt dk xBu (1919 bZ-) - 23 fnlEcj 1912 bZ- dks fnYyh ds pkanuh pkSd essa ykMZ
- fctksfy;k o csxa w fdlku vkanksyu dk usr`Ro gkfMx ij ce iQsadus okyk lkglh O;fDrA
- “What are Indian State” iqLrd dh jpuk dhA ';keth d`".k oekZ
- ^jktLFkku lans'k*] ûolans'k* & i=k laiknu fd;kA - 1887&1897 rd jryke] mn;Ikqj o twukx<+ jkT;ksa esa fnoku
- >.Mk ;g gj fdys ij p<+sxk & budk xhrA in ij jgsaA
izrkiflag ckjgB - Lons'kh ds izcy leFkZdA
- tUe&24 ebZ] 1893 (dfojkt ';keynkl dh gosyh mn;iqj - baXyS.M esa bf.M;u gkÅl o gkse:y lkslk;Vh dh LFkkiukA
esaA) ekf.kD; yky oekZ
- firk& dsljh flag ckjgB - tUe & 4 fnlEcj] 1897 fctkSfy;k (HkhyokM+k)
- ekrk& ekf.kd nsoh
- 1914&15 cukjl "kM+;U=k dk vkjksi r; fd;s tkus ds dkj.k - la;qDr jktLFkku ds iz/kuea=khA
ojsyh tsy esa Hkst fn;s x;sA (vklkukMk LVs'ku] tks/iqj esa - esokM+ iztke.My ds laLFkkidA
fxjÝrkj) - ine~ foHkw"k.k ls lEekfur (1965 nwljs O;fDr)A
- lj pkYlZ Dyho yS.M ds vk/uqf"kd vR;kpkjksa ls tsy esa - 1934 lkxokM+k esa [kkMykbZ vkJe dh LFkkiuk (mn~ns';&
27 ebZ] 1918 dks e`R;qA Hkhykssa dks lekt dh eq[; /kjk esa ykukA)
- izrki us dgk¡ ^êSa viuh ekrk dks galkus ds fy, - esokM+ dk orZeku 'kklu& iqLrd
gtkjksa&gtkjksa dh ekrkvksa dks ugha :yk ldrk**A - îaNhM+k*& iztke.My ;qxhu xhrA
Hkksxhyky ik.M~;k - OkkLrfod uke cnzhukFkA
- ckxM+ ds xka/h - gVq.Mh (vtesj) esa ^xk¡/h vkJe* dh LFkkiuk dhA
- tUe& lheyokM+k xzke] Mqxa jiqj (1904) - vkSnwaEcj] uothou o ljLorh uked if=kdk dk izdk'kuA
- vkfnokfl;ksa esa fuj{kjrk mUewyu gsrq f'k{kk dk izpkj&izlkjA - 1925 bZ- ^lLrk lkfgR; e.My* dh LFkkiuk dhA
- okxM+ lsok eafnj uke ls laLFkk dh LFkkiuk] blds cUn gks - 1952 bZ- vtesj jkT; ds izFke eq[;ea=kh cusA
tkus ij ouoklh lsok la?k dh LFkkiuk (15 ekpZ] 1938) - ^;qx/eZ* o ^loksnZ ; dh cqfu;kn* budh iqLrdsA
- Lo% ef.k cgu IkakM~;k budh iRuh bUgsa ôkxM+ok* dh mikf/A t;ukjk;.k O;kl
- 1976 bZ- in~e Hkw"k.k - tUe& 1899 bZ- (18 iQjojh) tks/iqj
lkxjey xksik - 'ksj&,s&jktLFkku] yksduk;d uke ls yksdfiz;A
- tUe &tSlyesj - loZizFke lkeUr 'kkgh ds f[kykiQ vkokt mBkus okysA
- loZfgrdkjh okpuky; dh LFkkiuk dh (1915) - ^vkxh ck.k* C;koj ls izdkf'kr jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk dk izFke
- tSlyesj ds egkjkoy tokgjflag ds vR;kpkjksa dk fojks/A jktuSfrd lkekpkj i=kA
- vktknh ds nhokus] j?kqukFkflag dk eqdnek] tSlyesj esa - ^v[k.M Hkkjr* dks cEcbZ ls izdkf'kr fd;kA
xq.Mkjkt* uked iqLrdsa fy[khA - îhi* uked vaxszth ekfld i=k dh lEiknd jgsA
- tSlyesj o gSnjkckn jkT; esa ?kqlus ij izfrcU/A
- tsy] v/h{kd xqekuflag us 3 vizy S 1946 dks tsy esa xksik - EkkjokM+ fgrdkfj.kh lHkk dh LFkkiuk dh (pkandj.k 'kkjnk
dh gR;k] tkWap gsrq xksiky Lo:i IkkBd lfefr dk xBuA vè;{k)
teukyky ctkt - tks/iqj iztke.My ds laLFkkidA
- 3 tqykbZ 1947 Hkkjr ljdkj us Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;kA
- tUe&4 uoEcj] 1889] dk'khukl xzke (lhdj)
- t; ukjk;.k O;kl jktLFkku ds ,d ckj euksuhr rFkk ,d
- xk¡/h ds ikapos iq=k ds uke ls izfl¼A ckj fuokZfpr eq[;ea=kh jgsA
- vaxtsz ksa us ^jk; cgknqj* dk f[krkc fn;k (1917)A - dfork & êSaus vius gh gkFkksa ls viuh fprk tykbZA
- 1920 ckxiqj dkaxszl vf/os'ku ds vè;{k ns[k&ns[k yiVs eSa galrk] rq D;ksa jksrk HkkbZA*
- 1937 enzkl fgUnh lkfgR; lfefr ds vè;{kA - 1917&18 tks/iqj esa iq"dj.kk uo;qod e.My dh LFkkiukA
- vius dks xqyke uEcj pkj ekurs FksA Hkkjr xqyke] ns'kh jktk - 26 vizy S 1951 & jkT; ds eq[;ea=kh euksuhr
xqyke] lhdj xqyke] eSa xqykeA - 1 uoEcj 1952 fuokZfpr eq[;ea=kh (6 uoEcj 1954 rd)
- 1921 jk;cgknqj dh mikf/ ykSVk nhA - vDdM+ ds dDdM+] ydhj ds iQdhj uke ls yksdfiz;A
- jktLFkku esa loZizFke mÙkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax djus okysA - jktLFkkuh dks izkUrh;] Hkk"kk dk ntkZ fnykus ds fy,
- pj[kk o [kknh ds leFkZd (1927 pj[kk pa[k dh LFkkiuk ^^jktLFkkuh vkanksyu D;k] vkSj D;ksa ugha** iqLrd dk izdk'ku
dhA)11 iQjojh 1942 dks e`R;qA fd;kA
- jktiwrkuk eè; Hkkjr lHkk dh vtesj esa vè;{krk dhA - Mads jh pksV lw.k & iztke.My ;qxhu xhrA
jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh ghjkyky 'kkL=kh
- tUe& 1896] uhe dk Fkkuk (lhdj) - tUe& 24 uoEcj] 1899 t;qij esaA
- 1932 bZ- esa gfjtu lsod la?k dh jktiwrkuk 'kk[kk dk - fuokbZ (Vksad) 'kkUrkckbZ f'k{kk dqVhj dh LFkkiuk] ckn esa uke
dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA cnydj ouLFkyh fo|kihB dj fn;kA (efgyk f'k{kk ls
- dk;Z{ks=k&vtesj ftykA laacaf/r 1935 esa)
- ^r:.k jktLFkku* dk laiknu fd;kA - 4 vizy S ] 1949 jktLFkku ds izFke euksuhr eq[;ea=kh cusA
- xka/h th dh nf{k.k ;k=kk ds le; fgUnh lfpo jgsA - îzR;{k thou 'kkL=k*& vkRedFkk
usrjke xkSjhj - jru 'kkL=kh budh iRuh tks fo|kihB dh lapkfydkA
- tUe & 1892] xkSjhj xkao (>q> a uq w) - izy; izfr{kk ueksa ue% budk izfl¼ xhrA
- 'ks[kkoVh esa vk;Z lekt dks laxfBr fd;kA - 1942 bZ- 'kkL=kh th o t;iqj ds iz/kuea=kh lj fetkZ bLekby
- L=kh f'k{kk dks izkRs lkgu (dU;k f'k{kk) ds eè; tSUVyeSu le>kSrkA
Xkksdqy HkkbZ HkV~V - ^liuksa vk;ks* iztke.My ls lacaf/r xhrA
- tUe & 1898 bZ- gkFky xkao (fljksgh)
- izkjfEHkd f'k{kk eqEcbZ esaA - t;iqj ls lafo/ku fuekZ=kh lHkk esa Hksts x,A
- Hkwnku vkanksyu ds lfØ; ;ksxnkuA - jru 'kkL=kh dks 1995 in~e Jh 1995 in~eHkw"k.k
- jktLFkku esa xk¡/h uke ls izfl¼A tqxyfd'kksj prqosnh
- 1946 jktiqrkuk izkUrh; ns'kh jkT; ifj"kn~ ds izFke vè;{kA - tUe & 8 uoEcj] 1904 lk¡[k xzke (eFkqjk)
- u'kkeqfDr ds iz.ksrkA - 1947 dks Hkjriqj esa tcju csxkj ds fy, pyk;s x,
- fljksgh dk jktLFkku esa foy; buds iz;klksa lsA vkanksyu dk lapkyu fd;kA
- 1966 in~eHkw"k.k] lafo/ku lHkk ds lnL; jgsA - eRL; la?k esa miiz/kuea=khA
gfjHkkÅ mikè;k; - ^yksd f'k{kd* iq=k dh laiknuA
- tUe&9 ekpZ 1893 - dk;Z{ks=k&Hkjriqj ftykA
- HkSjkalk xzke (Xokfy;j) - turk I;kj ls budks nwljk tokgjyky usg: dgdj iqdkjrhA
- ^nk* lkgc uke ls izfl¼A
Tokyk izlkn 'kekZ nkeksnj yky O;kl
- vtesj - ekyiqjk (Vksad) fuoklhA
- 1931 esa jsyos [ktkuk yqVus dh ;kstuk cukbZA - jktLFkku ds ykSg iq:"k ds uke ls yksdfiz;A
- gVq.Mh ds taxyksa esa ckbd pykus dk izf'k{k.kA - jkT; esa igys jktLo ea=khA
- vizyS 1932 esa vtesj phiQ dfe'uj dh gR;k dk iz;klA - jktLFkku esa Hkwfe lq/kjksa dks dBksjrk iwoZd ykxw djokus esa
- jktdh; egkfo|ky; LVkiQ dh osru yqVus dk iz;klA izeq[k HkwfedkA
- 1934 bZ- ok;ljk; dh chdkusj esa gR;k djus dk iz;klA 'kkSdr vLekuh (chdkusj)
- t;iqj ds lwjt cD'k dks /edh Hkjk i=k HkstkA - tUe&21 fnlEcj] 1901 bZ-
nqxkZizlkn pkS/jh - varjkZ"Vªh; O;fDrRo okyk jktLFkku dk ,d liwrA
- tUe & 18 fnlEcj] 1906 jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh ds NksVs HkkbZ - fgtjr vkanksyu dk lnL; FkkA
tUe & uhe dk Fkkuk (lhdj) eqa'kh leFkZnku pj.k
- vtesj ds lkcjerh vkSj gVq.Mh vkJeksa esa dk;Zjr FksA - 1889 ^jktLFkku lekpkj i=k * dh izdk'ku izkjEHk dj
- ^dIrku* uke ls izfl¼A jktLFkku esa if=kdkfjrk dk Jh x.ks'k fd;kA
- nSfud uoT;ksfr dk 1936 esa laiknu fd;kA - Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh us budks êuh"kh* dh mikf/ nhA
- fctkSfy;k vkUnksyu o Mqxa jiqj Hkhy vkUnksyu ls tqMs+A Xkksdqy oekZ
eqdqV fcgkjh yky HkkxZo - Hkjriqj iztke.My ds usrkA
- tUe &'kkgiqjk (HkhyokM+k) 30 tuojh] 1903 dks - 'ksj&, Hkjriqj uke ls izfl¼
- dk;Z{ks=k vtesj x.ks'kyky O;kl ^mLrkn*
- lafo/ku lHkk esa vtesj dk izfrfuf/Ro fd;k - tUe&21 ekpZ] 1907
- gfjHkkÅ mikè;k; us ^jktLFkku dk lh-vkj-nkl* dgkA - Hkhejkt iqjksfgr ds lkFk feydj êkjokM+ ;wFk yhx* dh
cky edqUn fcLlk (tks/iqj) LFkkiukA (10 ebZ] 1931)
- tUe& ihyok] MhMokuk (ukxkSj) - ^^xjhcksa dh vkokt] csdlksa dh vkokt] badcky&,&rjkus**
- iq"dj.kk ifjokj esa iqfLrdk,s
- izkjfEHkd f'k{kk dydrk essaA - ^^vkt tu dfo jh tqx ok.kh** iztke.My ;qxhu xhrA
- 1934 bZ- jktLFkku esa p[kkZ ,tsUlh ysdj [knnj Hk.Mkj dh - IkhfM+r ,oa 'kksf"kr fdlkuksa ,oa etnwjksa ds fgrksa ds Ikks"kdA
LFkkiuk dhA dsljh flag ckjgB (1827&1941)
- Tkks/iqj tsy esa Hkw[k gM+rky ls e`R;q (19 tqu]1942 bZ 'ko - tUe & 21 uoEcj] 1872A
;k=kk esa 1 yk[k yksx) - tUe LFkku & nsoiqjk [ksM+k (HkhyokM+k)
- Hkq[k gM+rky ls 'kghn gksus okys jkT; ds izFke O;fDr - firk& d`".kflag
lk/q lhrkjke nkl - mPp Lrjh; fo}ku] jktuhfrK] LokfHkekuhA
- tUe 1884 bZ- fctkSfy;k esa - psrkouh jk pwaxfV;k (13 lksjBs)& jpuk] fMaxy Hkk"kk esaA
- fdlkuksa dh nqn'Z kk ns[kdj mudks laxBhr fd;k vkSj - 1903 egkjk.kk iQrgflag dks dtZu ds njckj esa tkus ls
txg&txg ikB'kkyk,a o iqLrdky; LFkkfir fd;sA jksdkA
- laxfBr lkearh lsuk ls yksgk ysus okyh lsuk dk igyk yksd - njckj dk vk;kstu ,MoMZ lIre ds jkT;k jksg.k ds volj
uk;dA ij jktkvksa dkA
ia- ujksre yky tks'kh - 1911 bZ- fnYyh njckj esa tkrs le; egkjk.kk dks iqu% xksiky
- tUe & 16 fnlEcj] 1916 >q> a quw esaA
flag o dsljhflag us i=k fy[ksA
- t;iqj jkT; iztke.My ds 1938 esa gq, tu vkanksyu ds
izorZd jgsA - 1920 bZ- dkaxszl ds dydÙkk vf/os'ku esa jktiwrkuk ,oa
- 1939 bZ- 'ks[kkoVh tdkr vkanksyu dk usr`Ro fd;kA eè; Hkkjr ds izfrfuf/ ds :i esa HkkxA
- 1945 bZ- lafo/ku fuekZ=kh lfefr ds lnL; jgsA - 14 vxLr] 1941 dksVk esa nsgkarA
- izFke fo/kulHkk vè;{kA - xzaFk&izrki pfj=k] jktflag pfj=k] nqxkZnkl pfj=k] tloar flag
gfjnso tks'kh pfj=kA ';kenkl dh thouh fy[khA
- tUe& 17 fnlEcj 1921 [kkUVw xzke (ckalokM+k) Lokeh ds'kokuUn
- dk;Z{ks=k Mw¡xjiwj ftykA - tUe& 1883 exyw.kk (lhdj)] tkV ifjokj esasA
- t;iqj ls izdkf'kr ^nSfud uo;qx* vkSj IkkVhZ ds i=k ^dkaxszl - cpiu dk uke& chjeka
lans'k* ds lEiknd jgsA - fiQjkstiqj (iatkc) ds vukFk vkJe esa ikyu] 1904 bZ-
- rhu ckj eq[;ea=khA mnljh er esa nhf{kr ds'kokuUn cusA
- 10 fo/ku lHkkvksa esa yxkrkj fot;h jgsA - 1908 xq: us iQkftYdk dh xq: xn~nh lkSai nhA
- Mqaxjiqj iztke.My ds laLFkkid FksA - xzkeksRFkku fo|kihB&laxfj;k (H) ds laLFkkidA
- 1952&64 jkT;lHkk lnL;A
?ku';kenkl fcM+yk uxsUnz flag dksBkjh
- tUe&fiykuh (>qa>quw) - tUe& Mqaxjiqj 1914
- izfl¼ m|ksxifr ,oa Lora=krk lsukuh] mPp dksfV ds ys[kd - jktLFkku dk uxhuk
iqLrdsa&xka/khth ds lkFk iUnzg fnu] xk¡/hth dh N=k&Nk;k - dkuwu ds Kkrk
esa] eklsYZ l ls ftusok] ge ijk/hu D;ks\a ] fc[kjs fopkjksa dh - Hkkjrh; lafo/ku lHkk ds lnL;
HkjksVh] d`".k oans txrxq:] fo|kFkhZ thouA - vUrjkZ"Vªh; U;k;ky; gsx ds ,d ckj eq[; U;k;k/h'k
- fiykuh esa fcM+yk rduhfd f'k{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiukA (1983)] nks ckj ttA
- 1973 bZ- in~e foHkw"k.kA
- ^gfjtu lsod la?k* ds laLFkkid lnL;A
- 1988 gkSys.M esa fu/uA
- ^gfjtu* i=k dk laiknuA
- ^n F;ksjh vkWiQ iQkslZ bu fgUnw ikWfyVh*
- fgUnqLrku VkbEl izdk'ku lewg dh LFkkiuk dhA
- VfeZus'ku vkWiQ esEcj f'ki vkWiQ bUVj us'kuy vkWxuZs kbts'ku
- ine~ foHkw"k.k fotsrk (1961 izFke fotsrk)
- U;wfDy;j osiUl ,.M bUVjus'kuy ykWA
- oSKkfud C.V. Raman dks 20 yk[k :- iz;ksx'kkyk dh
guqeku izlkn iksgnkj
LFkkiuk ds fy;sA
- tUe&jrux<+ (pq:) 17 flrEcj] 1892A
- Hkkjr dh vktknh ds fy, 20 djksM+ dkaxszl o vU; laLFkkvksa
- ns'k ds ,dek=k O;fDr ftUgksua s Hkkjr jRu ysus ls euk dj
dksA fn;kA
eqfu ftu fot; - buds }kjk 15 gtkj i`"Bksa dk lkfgR; 86 iqLrdksa esa jfpr
- tUe :ikgsyh xkao] 1888 bZ- (esokM+) - xhrkizsl xksj[kiqj dh iqLrd ^dY;k.k* dk laiknuA
- cpiu dk uke & fj.key ijekj] 15 o"kZ dh vk;q esa tSu - Hkkjr phuh vkØe.k ds le; bUgksaus ^phu neu dh lk/uk
/eZ esaA vlSj flBZ* uked dfork fy[khA
- dqekj iky izfrcks/k xzUFk dk laiknuA - L=kh /eZ iz'uksÙkjh mudh izfl¼ iqLrdA
- tSu lkfgR; la'kks/d lfefr dk LFkkiukA lekpkj Ik=k lu~ LFkku izdk'kd
- teZuh esa b.Mks teZu ^dsUnz dh LFkkiukA lTtu dhfrZ lq/kjd 1876 mn;iqj egkjk.kk lTtuflag
- 1942 tSlyesj esa 200 xzUFkksa dh izfrfyfi;k¡ rS;kj djokbZ (izFke lkIrkfgd
- 1905 bZ- buds funs'Z ku esa jktLFkku iqjkrRo eafnj dh LFkkiukA lekpkj i=k)
jktLFkku lekpkj (izFke 1889 vtesj eq'kh leFkZnku
nsohyky lkej fgUnh nSfud)
- tUe& 1911] mn;iqjA ns'k fgrs"kh 1882 vtesj eqUukyky 'kekZ
- firk& vtquZ flag] ekrk&vyksy ckbZ uohu jktLFkku 1922 vtesj fot;flag ifFkd]
- 11 o"kZ dh vk;q esa vfHkeU;w ukVd esa vfHkeU;q dk vfHkuo] r:.k jktLFkku 1923 C;koj t;ukjk;.k O;kl
blh dkj.k enu eksgu ekyoh; iqjLdkj jktLFkku dsljh 1920 o/kZ fot;flag ifFkd]
- 1952 Hkkjrh; yksd dyk e.My dh LFkkiukA jkeukjk;.k pkS/jh
- in~eJh (1968) izrki 1910 dkuiqj Xk.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ
- iM+ dkoM+ o dBiqryh dks iquthZfor djus esa jktiwrkuk xtV 1835 vtesj eqjkn vyh
nkSyrflag dksBkjh uoT;ksfr 1936 vtesj dIrku nqxkZ izlkn
vkxhck.k (jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk 1932 C;koj Tk;ukjk;.k O;kl
- tUe&mn;iqj] 1906A
dk izFke)
- MkW- es?kukn lkgk ds f'k";A v[kaM Hkkjr 1936 cacbZ t;ukjk;.k O;kl
- 1948 DRDO ds vè;{kA vkSncq j] uothou 1936 vtesj gfjHkkÅ mikè;k;
- 1964&66 f'k{kk vk;ksx ds vè;{kA yksd lsod & dksVk vfHkUugfj
- 1947 ;w-th-lh- ds vè;{kA yksdok.kh (lkIrkfgd) 1943 t;iqj Iak- nsoh'kadj frokM+h
- 1964&66 f'k{kk vk;ksx ds vè;{kA iztk lsod 1940 tks/iqj vpys'oj izlkn
- 1973 UGC ds vè;{k 'kekZ
- Hkkjr ljdkj in~e foHkw"k.kA nSfud fj;klrh 1940 Tkks/iqj lqeus'k tks'kh
- U;wfDy;j ,Dl IykWtu ,.M ns;j biQDV~lA yydkj & chdkusj j?kqohj xks;y
jktLFkku if=kdk 1956 t;iqj diwj pan dqfy'k
- oSKkfud ds :i esa 'osrokeu rkjksa] ncko ds rgr v.Mqvksa
jktLFkku 1923 C;koj ÍfZ"k nÙk esgrk
ds vk;uhdj.k dh izfØ;k ,oa ijek.kq fo[k.Mu ds {ks=k esa t;Hkwfe 1940 t;iqj Xkqykc pan dkyk
egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnkuA jktLFkku Vkbe (bafXy'k) & t;iqj Okklqnso 'kekZ

jktLFkku dh fj;klrsa o 1818 dh lfU/;k¡
- cwUnh mÙkjkf/dkj la?k"kZ o fxaxksyh ds ;q¼ us ejkBksa o fi.Mkfj;ksa dks jktiwrkuk esa vkeaf=kr dj fn;k tks dkykUrj esa fj;klrh
'kkldksa ds fy, flj nnZ cu x,A
- ejkBksa o fi.Mkfj;ksa ds Hk; us gh 1818 dh lfU/;ksa dks tUe fn;kA
- lcls igys lfU/ dk vliQy iz;kl djus okyk jktiwr 'kkld fot;flag Fkk] (jkBkSMoa'k) tcfd lokbZ izrkiflag us 3 ckj
vliQy iz;kl fd;kA
- 1803ds ^lqtuZ &vtquZ xk¡o dh lfU/* (vaxsztksa o ejkBksa) us bZ-vkbZ-lh- (bZLV bf.M;k daiuh) jktiwr fj;klr dh lfU/ dk ekxZ
iz'kLr fd;kA
;s lfU/;k¡ nks pj.kksa esa iw.kZ gqbZA
eS=khiw.kZ o vkØe.k lfU/ vkfJr ikfFkZD; lfU/

(1803) (1817&1818)
Hkjriqj vyoj dksVk djkSyh

1803 1803 flr-1818 uo- 1818
- eS=khiw.kZ o vkØed lfU/ ykMZ osystyh dh lu~ 1798 dh lgk;d lfU/ dk ifj.kke Fkh ftls jktiwrkuk esa ykMZysd us
lcls igys Hkjriqj ij iz;ksx fd;kA
- vkfJr ikfFkZD; lfU/ (1818) ykMZ gsfLVax dh uhfr;ksa dk ifj.kke Fkh ftls jktiwrkuk esa ykMZ esVdkWiQ us lHkh fj;klrksa esa
fØ;kfUor fd;kA
- Hkjriqj fj;klr us lfU/ rks Lohdkj dh ysfdu fØ;kfUor ugha dh tcfd vyoj fj;klr us bls Lohdkj Hkh fd;k vkSj
fØ;kfUor Hkh fd;kA
- dksVk fj;klr vkfJr ikfFkZD; lfU/ dks 26 flrEcj 1817 dks Lohdkj fd;k ysfdu bldk fØ;kUo;u 26 fnlEcj 1817 dks
fd;kA
- djkSyh fj;klr us vkfJr ikfFkZD; lfU/ dks 9 uoEcj 1817 dks Lohdkj fd;k vkSj bldh fØ;kfUor 15 uoEcj 1817 dks dj
nhA
- bl le; dksVk fd 'kklu dh ckxMksj tkfyeflag >kyk ds gkFk esa tcfd djkSyh dk 'kkld gjo{kiky FkkA
- 1817&1818 dh lfU/;ksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i 1817 esa vehj [kka fi.Mkjh us Vksad esa] 1838 esa enuflag >kyk us >kykokM+ esa ubZ
fj;klr dks tUe fn;kA
- 11 flrEcj 1823 dks fljksgh fj;klr ds 'kkld f'koflag us lfU/ ij gLrk{kj fd;s vkSj ,slk djus okyh ;g vfUre fj;klr
FkhA
- lfU/;ksa dh 'krkZuqlkj fj;klrksa ls olwyk tkus okys f[kjkt uked dj ls chdkusj o fd'kux<+ dks eqDr j[kk x;k FkkA
- lfU/ dk fojks/ djus okyh fj;klrsa&Hkjriqj] tks/iqjA
- mYys[kuh; gS fd 1856 dh ykMZ MygkSth dh xksn fu"ks/ uhfr ds iQyLo:i gM+ih xbZ fj;klr djkSyh FkhA
fj;klr laf/ gLrk{kj frfFk fØ;kUo;u frfFk 'kkld izfrfuf/
Hkjriqj 12 flr- 1803 29 flr- 1803 j.kthrflag ykMZ ysd
vyoj 14 uo- 1803 14 uo- 1803 o[rkoj flag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
izrkix<+ 1804 1804 lkearflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
/kSyiqj 1806 1806 dhjrflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
djkSyh 9 uo- 1817 15 uo- 1817 gjo['kiky pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
dksVk 26 flr- 1817 26 fnl- 1817 tkfyeflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
Vksd
a 9 uo- 1817 15 uo- 1817 vehj [kk¡ pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
tks/iqj 6 tu- 1818 6 tu- 1818 ekuflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
mn;iqj 13 tu- 1818 22 tu- 1818 Hkheflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
cwanh 10 iQjojh 1818 10 iQjojh 1818 fo".kqflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
chdkusj 9 ekpZ 1818 21 ekpZ 1818 lwjrflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
tSlyesj 2 fnlEcj 1819 2 fnlEcj 1819 ewyjkt pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
fd'kux<+ 7 vizy S 1818 7 vizy S 1818 dY;k.kflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
t;iqj 2 vizy S 1818 2 vizy S 1818 txrflaag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
fljksgh 11 flr- 1823 11 flr- 1823 f'koflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
ckalokM+k 1818 1818 mEesnflag pkYlZ esVdkWiQ
>kykokM+ 18 vizy S 1838 18 vizy S 1838 enuflag >kyk pkYlZ esVdkWiQ


Rajasthan History Part 2

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jktLFkku fo'ks"k jktLFkku&Lora=krk vkanksyu] tutkxj.k ,oa jktuSfrd ,dhdj.

jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 1 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 4 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 8 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 13 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 15 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 19 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 23 By lat; xqIrk

eS=khiw.kZ o vkØe.k lfU/ vkfJr ikfFkZD; lfU/

Hkjriqj vyoj dksVk djkSyh

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 24 By lat; xqIrk

fuekZ.k IAS t;iqj 25 By lat; xqIrk

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