Design of Water Tanks Ese: Intz Tank

6/16/2021
DESIGN OF WATER INTRODUCTION

WATER TANK
TANKS 1. Liquid Storage tanks are built for
ese • storing water or

• any other liquid like petroleum products.
2. Water tanks are designed as un-cracked sections
• To avoid any cracking in tanks
• To avoid any seepage of water or liquid stored
• To get crack free structure.
3. IS code 3370 (Part I to IV) to be used for design.
M K SINGH
M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 2
WATER TANK WATER TANK

TYPE OF WATER TANKS TYPE OF WATER TANKS
• As per position of tank :- • As per materials used
• Pupose • As per Shape
1. Underground Tanks 1. Steel tanks
2. RCC tanks 1. Water storage 1. Circular tanks
2. On the Ground Tanks
3. PVC tanks 2. Oil tanks 2. Rectangular tanks
3. Overhead Tanks
4. SMC Panel tanks 3. Any other liquid 3. Spherical tanks
5. FRP Panel tanks storage 4. Conical tanks
5. Intz Tanks
M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 3 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 4
SMC
Intz PANEL
tank water
tank
(SHEET MOULDING
COMPOUND)
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CONCRETE AND STEEL REQUIRED
1. Minimum Grade of Concrete required = M30

2. High strength deformed bars of grade Fe415.
3. Concrete shall be designed as uncracked section.
FRP PANEL WATER 4. The maximum calculated surface width of cracks for
STORAGE TANKS direct and bending tension or due to the effect of
( frp = Fibre reinforced temperature and moisture is 0.2mm. – Pr 4.4.1.2 (b)
Part 2 IS 3370.
molding panel )
WATER TANK
Limit state of serviceability WATER TANK Design of water tanks
1. Water Tanks are designed for – at least Severe
exposure condition.
2. For Water tank exposed to Very Severe or extreme –
IS 456 provisions are followed.
WATER TANK Other important points as per is 3370 part 1 WATER TANK
1. Table 1 of IS 3370 part 1

Min Cement Max Water Minimum grade of
content cement ratio concrete
PCC 250 0.50 M 20
RCC 320 0.45 M 30
PSC 360 0.40 M 40
2. However M25 may also be allowed for less

capacity tanks of Q< 50 m3 if M30 is not available.
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WATER TANK Exception WATER TANK
Nominal cover – as per IS 456
WATER TANK
Other important points WATER TANK Is 3370 – imp points
1. Minimum Period of Curing = 14 days.
2. Pr 8.2.9/ Part I 3370. :- Cracking of concrete can be
controlled by slow filling of water on the first filling of tank.
The rate of filling of tank shall not be more than 1m in 24
hours.
3. Pr 8.2.10/ Part I 3370:- Correct placing of reinforcement,
use of deformed bars closely spaced and use of small size
bars lead to diffused distribution of cracks and hence are
preferred practice. –.
4. Shrinkage strain = 3x 10-4
WATER TANK Is 3370 – imp points WATER TANK Loads in water tank
1. Water tank shall be designed for most critical
combination for both
1. Full with water condition
2. Empty condition of water tanks.
2. Water load shall be treated as Dead Load.
M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 17 IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC M K SINGH 18
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WATER TANK Joints in water tanks WATER TANK
1. Movement Joints Joints to avoid cracking

1. Expansion Joints – Spacing = 40 m ----- Provided
to allow expansion of walls
2. Contraction Joints – Spacing = 7.5 m -----
Provided to allow contraction to avoid tension
cracks
2. Sliding Joints
3. Temporary open joints
4. Construction Joints - To allow construction in
phases
WATER TANK WATER TANK Contraction joints

Joints in water tank – expansion joints
Joints in water tank at base –
Sliding joint
1. Flexible base
2. hinged base
3. fixed base
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Water bar on a vertical joint

in water tank
Expansion joint WATER BAR
Pvc water bar on Vertical

joint in water tank

Protection from lightning
The Liquid retaining structures shall be be protected against
the lightening as per IS code IS2309.
Water bar on horizontal

joint
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12.1.1 Test for seepage of water
Water tightness test 1. Fill the tank with water.
2. Record the level of water after 7 days after the filling.
3. Record the level of water at subsequent interval of 24 hours
over a period of 7 days.
4. The total drop of water in last 7 days indicate the water
tightness of tank.
5. Evaporation losses or rainfall effect may be deducted or
added in water level.
6. For Underground tank if drop of water level < 20mm – Water
tank is considered water tight.
WATER TANK WATER TANK ASSUMPTIONS- is 3370/ pr 4.5.1

Design of water tanks
1. At any cross-section, plane section before bending remains
plane after bending. ------- Strain diagram is linear.
2. Both steel and concrete are perfectly elastic and the value
280
1. Design of Circular Tanks with base not fixed with wall of modular ratio has been given in IS 456. m=
3. 𝝈cbc
2. Design of Circular Tanks with base fixed with wall
3. Rectangular RCC water tank of different types
M 25 M 30 M 35 M 40 M 45 M 50
𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 8.5 10 11.5 13 14.5 16
m 11 9.33 8.12 7.18 6.42 5.83

WATER TANK ASSUMPTIONS- is 3370/ pr 4.5.1 WATER TANK ASSUMPTIONS- is 3370/ pr 4.5.1
3. For calculation of stresses - for flexural and direct Meaning :- For
checking the stresses developed in
tension or combination of both, relating to resistance concrete in tension /compression
against cracking - Total area of concrete including cover is to be considered.
- the whole section of concrete including cover with -Concrete in tension zone is not neglected.
all steel reinforcement can be taken into account
provided, - consider the section as Un-cracked section.
---the tensile stress developed in concrete is less than For ex. :- Stress in concrete due to Direct tension (Hoop tension)
Th
permissible tensile Stress value as per Table 1 of IS fct = (1000T+ (m−1). Ast.) ≤ fct(per) as per Table - 1 / IS 3370
code 3370 / Part - II.
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WATER TANK Table 1 of is 3370 part ii WATER TANK ASSUMPTIONS- is 3370/ pr 4.5.1
Permissible stress in Concrete relating to resistant against 4. In strength calculation the concrete has no tensile strength.
cracking – Total tension force is taken by steel only.
Sr No Grade of Direct tension Bending tension For design of steel reinforcement
concrete
- area of concrete in tension zone completely neglected.
1 M 25 1.3 1.8
- consider the section as Cracked Section.
2 M 30 1.5 2.0
3 M 35 1.6 2.2
4 M 40 1.8 2.4
5 M 45 2.0 2.6
6 M 50 2.1 2.8
WATER TANK
Concept of water tank design WATER TANK TABLE 4 IS 3370 PART II
• Allowable stresses in reinforcing steel (fst) as per IS
1. For Design of steel reinforcement 3370 :-
1. – Consider the section as Cracked section Mild steel HYSD bars
2. - Concrete in tension zone is neglected. In Tension 115 130
2. For checking tensile stress developed in In Compression 125 140
concrete due to Bending Moment or due to
direct Pull • For tension on outer face:
1. -Consider the section as Uncracked Section. st=140 MPa for Mild steel and
2. - Concrete in tension zone need not to be st=230 MPa for HYSD bars
neglected.
WATER TANK values same as is 456 in is 3370 for water tank WATER TANK
• Following values are same as per IS 456 – 2000. Sliding allowed on base
1. Perm. stress in concrete in direct compression (𝝈𝒄𝒄 )
2. Perm. stress in conc. in bending compression (𝝈𝒄𝒃𝒄 )
3. Design shear strength of concrete 𝛕𝐜
4. Maximum shear strength of concrete 𝛕𝐜𝐦𝐚𝐱
5. Bond Strength of concrete 𝛕𝒃𝒅
6. Exposure condition – Min Severe to be considered.
7. Nominal cover = Minimum 45 mm
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WATER TANK MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT WATER TANK

Minimum reinforcement as per 3370 part ii
1. To minimize cracking due to shrinkage and

temperature, minimum reinforcement is:- Minimum area of steel MILD STEEL HYSD BARS OR
based on Surface Zone of Fe 250 OTHER TYPE Fe
1. For thickness  100 mm = 0.3 % RCC wall or slab 500
2. For thickness  450 mm = 0.2%
3. For thickness between 100 mm to 450 mm In case of any size of 0.64 % of surface 0.35 % of
= varies linearly from 0.3% to 0.2% tank zone surface zone
5. For concrete thickness  225 mm, two layers of
reinforcement be placed, one near water face If the size of tank is not 0.40 % of surface 0.24 % of
and other away from water face. more than 15 meter zone surface zone
WATER TANK
Minimum steel in water tanks WATER TANK
Minimum steelof steel = 300mm or thickness of wall

Maximum spacing
whichever is less
WATER TANK Surface zone WATER TANK

Surface zone for walls and suspended
• Surface zone of the RCC wall or Slab is Minimum of the slabs
following on both side of slab or wall
1. D/2 or 2. 250 mm ( Whichever is Minimum )
250 mm 250 mm 200 mm 200 mm

SZ-1 SZ-2 SZ-1 SZ-2
600 mm 400 mm
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WATER TANK
For ground slabs WATER TANK
Question 1
Q1 Design a Circular Water Tank of diameter 12m and height
of water in the tank 4.5m with a free board of 0.5m. Water
tank wall is free to move over its base.
Use M30 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Use Working Stress method.
1. Calculate Minimum thickness of wall of tank required.
2. Calculate reinforcement for walls only.

Question 2
• Water tank
Water Pressure with fixed base Q2 Design a Circular Water Tank for 12 Lakh litre capacity and
Diameter of tank 16m. Keep free board of 0.5m. Water tank wall
is fixed over its base.
For hoop For Vertical
Use M35 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
tension in Cantilever Use Working Stress method.
H-h
wall this Moment in wall 1. Calculate Minimum thickness of wall of tank required.
H this portion of
portion of 2. Calculate reinforcement for walls only.
water pressure
water is considered
pressure is h
considered

Combined direct and bending stresses Check for combined tension – Direct and
bending tension
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6/16/2021
WATER TANK Question 3 WATER TANK
Design of rectangular tank

Q 3 The short wall of a water tank is subjected to a
Bending Moment of 60 kN-m and a Direct Pull of 200 • If L/B < 2
KN. Pull and moment are acting together in same • Both Long wall and short wall are designed in same
direction. Design thickness of wall required and steel manner :-
reinforcement for the wall for above Pull and moment. 1. For Horizontal Moment + Pull in Horizontal direction
Use approximate method. 2. For Vertical cantilever Moment – considering only
bottom potion of “h” height subjected to vertical
Use M35 concrete and Fe 415 steel. pressure.
Check as per IS code provisions.

Design of rectangular tank
• Water tank
Water Pressure with fixed base
• If L/B > 2
(A) Short walls are designed in same manner :-
For Horizontal
1. For Horizontal Moment + Pull in Horizontal direction
Moment in For Vertical
wall this Cantilever 2. For Vertical cantilever Moment – considering only
portion of Moment in wall bottom potion of “h” height subjected to vertical
H this portion of pressure.
water
water pressure
pressure is is considered
considered h ( B ) Long walls are designed as Vertical cantilever for full
height of wall.
WATER TANK
Design of rectangular tanks WATER TANK Rectangular tank
• Underground Tanks shall be checked for different

condition :-
• 1. Tank Empty :- Subjected to soil pressure from
outside of water tank
• 2. Tank full with water :- Considering Water pressure
only from inside only.
• Reinforcement at different location are provided for
critical stress condition
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For long wall ( L/b >2 )
WATER TANK
11

Design of Water Tanks Ese: Intz Tank

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6/16/2021

DESIGN OF WATER INTRODUCTION

TANKS 1. Liquid Storage tanks are built for

ese • storing water or

M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 2

WATER TANK WATER TANK

WATER TANK WATER TANK

WATER TANK WATER TANK

1. Minimum Grade of Concrete required = M30

1. Table 1 of IS 3370 part 1

2. However M25 may also be allowed for less

WATER TANK Exception WATER TANK

Nominal cover – as per IS 456

WATER TANK Joints in water tanks WATER TANK

1. Movement Joints Joints to avoid cracking

WATER TANK WATER TANK Contraction joints

WATER TANK WATER TANK

Joints in water tank at base –

WATER TANK WATER TANK

Water bar on a vertical joint

WATER TANK WATER TANK

Expansion joint WATER BAR

Pvc water bar on Vertical

WATER TANK WATER TANK

Water bar on horizontal

WATER TANK WATER TANK

WATER TANK WATER TANK ASSUMPTIONS- is 3370/ pr 4.5.1

𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 8.5 10 11.5 13 14.5 16

m 11 9.33 8.12 7.18 6.42 5.83

WATER TANK MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT WATER TANK

1. To minimize cracking due to shrinkage and

Minimum steelof steel = 300mm or thickness of wall

WATER TANK Surface zone WATER TANK

250 mm 250 mm 200 mm 200 mm

WATER TANK WATER TANK

WATER TANK WATER TANK

M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 54

WATER TANK Question 3 WATER TANK

Design of rectangular tank

WATER TANK WATER TANK

• Underground Tanks shall be checked for different

WATER TANK WATER TANK

For long wall ( L/b >2 )

M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 63

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