‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫ﳏﻠﻮﻝ ﺳﻜﺮﻱ ﲰﻴﻚ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻹﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﲑﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﲤﺘﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺣﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻮﺭ ﻭﲢﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺴﻞ ﰲ ﺟﻴﻮﺏ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻱء‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﳜﺰﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻋﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ ﳕﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﲑﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲣﺮﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻛﺘﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﳌﺎء ﺑﻨﺴﺐ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺰﳝﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﻧﻜﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻇﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻴﻞ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻳﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺬﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻔﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍء‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻉ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻄﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎء ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻞ ﺇﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻔﺎء ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺭ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻭﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺯﺑﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻴﺴﺤﻖ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺳﺤﻘﺎ ﺟﻴﺪﺍ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻜﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻏﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﻋﺸﻴﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻉ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫"ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻮﺱ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﺸﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻋﺎﻗﺮ ﻗﺮﺣﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﻕ ﻭﻳﻨﺨﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﺴﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻴﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﰿ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ "ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ )ﺍﳌﻔﻠﻮﺝ( ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﻘﻦ ﺑﺄﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﺘﻐﺮﻏﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳋﺮﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻗﺮ ﻗﺮﺣﺎ ﻭﺯﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﻢ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺪﻕ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﻨﺨﻞ ﻭﻳﻌﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﺴﻞ ﻣﻨﺰﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻮﺓ ﻋﺠﻨﺎ ﺑﻠﻴﻐﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﺮﻙ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻗﻴﻞ ﲟﺎء‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ "ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﺠﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﰿ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﱰﺧﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﺸﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻨﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﺝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫"ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﳒﺒﻴﻞ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪...‬‬
‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﺮ ﻭﻋﺎﻗﺮ ﻗﺮﺣﺎ ﻓﻴﺴﺤﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﺠﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ " ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺒﺦ ﻋﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
 ‫ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻦ ﻭﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ "‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺩﻭﺍء " ﻳﺒﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺸﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻳﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﺰء‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺤﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﻌﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﲑ ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺱ ﻭﳛﺮﻕ ﻭﻳﻄﻔﺄ ﲟﻄﺒﻮﺥ ﻭﻳﺴﺤﻖ ﻭﻳﺴﱳ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (٣٣٠٧‬ﺳﻌﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻱ ‪/‬‬
‫ﻛﺠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﺍء ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻃﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻎ ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺰ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳛﺘﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺒﻮﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﻃﺒﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﺯﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻻﺣﺘﻮﺍﺋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﲪﻀﻴﺔ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺼﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻛﺘﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﺍﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺨﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ْ‪66‬‬
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻹﺫﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺼﺐ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﳌﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﺨﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻛﺘﻮﺯ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﰲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ْ‪ 16‬ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫"ﻋﺴﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ" ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‪.‬‬