COVID-19 lockdown in India

On the evening of 24 March 2020, the Government of

COVID-19 lockdown in India
India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi ordered a
nationwide lockdown for 21  days, limiting movement of Part of COVID-19 pandemic in India and
the entire 1.38 billion (138 crore) population of India as a COVID-19 lockdowns
preventive measure against the COVID-19 pandemic in
India.[1] It was ordered after a 14-hour voluntary public
curfew on 22 March, followed by enforcement of a series
of regulations in the country's COVID-19 affected
regions.[2][3] The lockdown was placed when the number
of confirmed positive coronavirus cases in India was
approximately 500.[1] Upon its announcement, a mass
movement people across the country was described as the
largest since the partition of India in 1947.[4] Observers
stated that the lockdown had slowed the growth rate of the
pandemic by 6 April to a rate of doubling every six days,[5]
and by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every eight days.[6]
As the end of the first lockdown period approached, state Lockdown in Lutyens' Delhi
governments and other advisory committees
Date Nationwide lockdown:
recommended extending the lockdown.[7] The
governments of Odisha and Punjab extended the state Phase 1: 25 March 2020 –
lockdowns to 1 May.[8] Maharashtra, Karnataka, West 14 April 2020 (21 days)
Bengal and Telangana followed suit.[9][10] On 14  April, Phase 2: 15 April 2020 –
Prime minister Narendra Modi extended the nationwide 3 May 2020 (19 days)
lockdown until 3  May, on written recommendation of Phase 3: 4 May 2020 –
governors and lieutenant governors of all the states, with a 17 May 2020 (14 days)
conditional relaxations after 20  April for the regions Phase 4: 18 May 2020 –
where the spread had been contained or was minimal.[11] 31 May 2020 (14 days)

On 1 May, the Government of India extended the Unlock:

nationwide lockdown further by two weeks until 17  May.
The Government divided all the districts into three zones Unlock 1.0: 1 June 2020 –
based on the spread of the virus—green, red, and orange— 30 June 2020 (30 days)
with relaxations applied accordingly.[12] On 17 May, the Unlock 2.0: 1 July 2020 –
lockdown was further extended till 31 May by the National 31 July 2020 (31 days)
Disaster Management Authority.[13] Unlock 3.0: 1 August 2020 –
31 August 2020 (31 days)
On 30 May, it was announced that lockdown restrictions Unlock 4.0: 1 September 2020
were to be lifted from then onwards, while the ongoing - 30 September 2020
lockdown would be further extended till 30 June for only (30 days)
the containment zones. Services would be resumed in a
Unlock 5.0: 1 October 2020 -
phased manner starting from 8 June. It was termed as 31 October 2020 (31 days)
"Unlock 1.0".[14] Modi later clarified that the lockdown
Unlock 6.0: 1 November 2020
phase in the country was over and that 'unlock' had
- 30 November 2020 (30 days)
already begun.[15]
The second phase of unlock, Unlock 2.0, was announced Unlock 7.0: 1 December 2020
for the period of 1 to 31 July, with more ease in - 31 December 2020 (31 days)
restrictions.[16] Unlock 3.0 was announced for August.[17] Unlock 8.0: 1 January 2021 -
Similarly, Unlock 4.0 was announced for September[18] 31 January 2021 (31 days)
and Unlock 5.0 for the month of October.[19] In the same Unlock 9.0: 1 February 2021 -
way, Unlock 6.0 was announced for the month of 28 February 2021 (28 days)
November,[20] Unlock 7.0 was announced for the month Unlock 10.0: 1 March 2021 -
of December.[21] Due to the second wave of infection in 31 March 2021 (31 days)
the country, several state governments like Uttar Unlock 11.0: 1 April 2021 -
Pradesh[22] and Delhi[23] have announced partial 30 April 2021 (30 days)
lockdowns in April 2021. Unlock 12.0: 1 May 2021 -
31 May 2021 (31 days)
Unlock 13.0: 1 June 2021 -
Contents 30 June 2021 (30 days)
Unlock 14.0: 1 July 2021 -
Background 31 July 2021 (12 days)
Janata Curfew Location India
Relaxations
Caused by Human pandemic in India
Timeline
Goals To prevent the spread of the
Lockdown in 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Phase 1 (24 March – 14 April)
Methods
Phase 2 (15 April – 3 May) All services and shops closed
Phase 3 (4–17 May) except pharmacies, hospitals,
banks, grocery shops and
Phase 4 (18–31 May)
other essential services
Unlock Closure of commercial and
Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June) private establishments (only
Unlock 2.0 (1–31 July) work-from-home allowed)
Unlock 3.0 (1–31 August) Suspension of all fighting,
Unlock 4.0 (1–30 September) gaming, training, research
Unlock 5.0 (1–31 October) institutions

Unlock 6.0 (1–30 November) Closure of all places of

worship
Lockdown in 2021
Suspension of all non-
Impact essential public and private
Economic Impact transport
Migrant workers Prohibition of all social,
Food supply chain political, sports, entertainment,
academic, cultural, religious
Relief activities
Impact on environment
Status Partially lifted
Effectiveness
Reception
See also
Notes
References
Background
The Government of India confirmed India's first case of
COVID-19 on 30 January 2020 in the state of Kerala, when
a university student from Wuhan travelled back to the
state.[24] As the number of confirmed COVID-19 positive
cases closed 500, Modi on 19 March, asked all citizens to
observe 'Janata Curfew' (people's curfew) on Sunday, 22
March.[25] At the end of the curfew, Modi stated: "Janata
Curfew is just the beginning of a long battle against
COVID-19". Following this, while addressing the nation
Modi's address to the nation before the
second time on 24 March, he announced the nationwide
lockdown.
lockdown from midnight of that day, for a period of 21
days.[26] He said that the only solution to control the
spread of coronavirus was to break the cycle of transmission through social distancing.[27] He also added
that the lockdown would be enforced more strictly than the Janata Curfew.[28]

Janata Curfew

The Janata Curfew (transl. People's curfew) was a 14-hour curfew on 22 March 2020 initiated by Prime
Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi(from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.).[29] Every person was required to obey the
curfew, with exceptions for people of "essential services" such as police, medical services, media, home
delivery professionals, and firefighters. At 5  p.m. that day, all citizens were asked to stand in their
doorways, balconies or windows, and clap their hands or ring their bells in appreciation for the
professionals delivering these essential services.[30] People belonging to National Cadet Corps and
National Service Scheme were to enforce the curfew in the country.[31] The Prime Minister also urged the
youth to inform 10 others about Janata Curfew and encourage everyone to observe the curfew.[31]

The lockdown restricted people from stepping out of their homes.[28] All transport services–road, air
and rail–were suspended, with exceptions for transportation of essential goods, fire, police and
emergency services.[32] Educational institutions, industrial establishments and hospitality services were
also suspended.[32] Services such as food shops, banks and ATMs, petrol pumps, other essentials and
their manufacturing are exempted.[33] The Home Ministry stated that anyone who fails to follow the
restrictions can face up to a year in jail.[32]

Relaxations

From 4 May 2020, the lockdown was eased with several relaxations in all zones per Ministry of Home
Affair's guidelines.[34]
 Activities permitted and restricted in each zone (4 – 17 May 2020)
Allowed in zone ( / )
Activity
Red Orange Green
Railway and Metro services
Educational institutions
Cinema halls, malls, etc.
Public gatherings and such events
Places of worship
Non-essential movement between 7 p.m. to 7 a.m.
Inter/intra-district buses with 50% capacity
Taxis with 1 driver and 2 passengers
Shops/e-commerce dealing essential goods
Private offices with 33% capacity
Two-wheelers without pillion rider
Four-wheelers with 1 driver and 2 passengers
Inter-state movement of goods

As part of Unlock 2.0 in July, most activities are permitted outside of containment zones, except
educational institutions, international air travel, places of recreation (swimming pools, gymnasiums,
theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and assembly halls), and large gatherings of any
kind.[35]

One of the major development was around the re-opening of wine shops. As per the guidelines of issued
by the Ministry of Home Affairs, wine shops were allowed to re-open, however, people were asked to
follow the protocols of social distancing and as well as wearing a mask.[36] But in effect, things panned
out to be utterly chaotic as long queues gathered outside wine shops from as early as 7 am.[37][38]

This led to State Governments and Municipal Corporations deciding to shut down wine shops again in
some places. (e.g. - Mumbai).[39] While some states decided to 'discourage alcohol consumption' by
levying special taxes on alcohol. Delhi imposed a 70% 'Special Corona Fees'.[40] Andhra Pradesh
increased the prices by 75%.[41] Tamil Nadu hiked the excise duty on India Made Foreign Alcohol by
15%.[42]

Delhi also came up with a system of e-token to avoid long queues outside wine shops.[43] This also lead
to the online sale of alcohol in some states that was previously prohibited.[44]

Timeline

Lockdown in 2020

Phase 1 (24 March – 14 April)

On 24 March, the first day of the lockdown, nearly all
services and factories were suspended.[45] People were
hurrying to stock essentials in some parts.[46] Arrests
across the states were made for violating norms of
lockdown such as venturing out for no emergency, opening
businesses and also home quarantine violations.[47] The
government held meetings with e-commerce websites and
vendors to ensure a seamless supply of essential goods
across the nation during the lockdown period.[47] Several Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a video
conference during the lockdown.
states announced relief funds for the poor and affected
people[47] while the central government was finalising a
stimulus package.[48]

On 26 March, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹170,000 crore (US$24  billion)
stimulus package to help those affected by the lockdown.[49] The package was aimed to provide food
security measures for poor households through direct cash transfers, free cereal and cooking gas for
three months.[50] It also provided insurance coverage for medical personnel.[49]

On 27 March, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures to help mitigate the economic
impacts of the lockdown.[51]

Prior to the announcement of the nationwide lockdown, on 22 March, the government had announced
that the Indian Railways would suspend passenger operations through 31 March.[52] The national rail
network has maintained its freight operations during the lockdown, to transport essential goods.[53] On
29 March, the Indian Railways announced that it would start services for special parcel trains to
transport essential goods, in addition to the regular freight service.[54] The national rail operator also
announced plans to convert coaches into isolation wards for patients of COVID-19.[55] This has been
described as the first time in 167 years that India's rail network had been suspended,[56] although there
was also a strike in 1974.[57]

On 5 April, citizens all over India cheered and showed solidarity with
the health workers, police, and all those fighting the disease by
switching off the electric lights at home for 9 minutes from
9:00  p.m. to 9:09  p.m. and observed lighting diya, candle; and
flashing torchlight and mobile flashlight.[58][59]

As the end of the initial lockdown period came near, many state
governments expressed their decision to extend it till the end of
April. Among them were Odisha,[60] Punjab,[61] Maharashtra,[62]
Karnataka with some relaxations,[9] West Bengal and Telangana.[10]
Lamp lighting observed on 5 April
2020 during lockdown
Towards the end of the initial period, the rate of growth of COVID
infections in India had significantly slowed, from a rate of doubling
every three days before the lockdown to one of doubling every eight
days on 18 April.[6]

Phase 2 (15 April – 3 May)

On 14 April, Modi extended the nationwide lockdown till 3 May, with a conditional relaxation promised
after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been contained by then.[11] He said that every town,
every police station area and every state would be carefully evaluated to see if it had contained the
spread. The areas that were able to do so would be released from the lockdown on 20 April. If any new
cases emerged in those areas, lockdown could be reimposed.[63]

On 16 April, lockdown areas were classified as "red zone", indicating the presence of infection hotspots,
"orange zone" indicating some infection, and "green zone" with no infections.[64]

The government also announced certain relaxations from 20 April, allowing agricultural businesses,
including dairy, aquaculture, and plantations, as well as shops selling farming supplies, to open. Public
works programmes were also allowed to reopen with instructions to maintain social distancing. Cargo
vehicles, including trucks, trains, and planes, would run. Banks and government centres distributing
benefits would open as well.[65]

On 25 April, small retail shops were allowed to open with half the staff. Again social distancing norms
were to be followed.[66]

On 29 April, The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for the states to allow inter-state movement
of the stranded persons. States have been asked to designate nodal authorities and form protocols to
receive and send such persons. States have also been asked to screen the people, quarantine them, and
do periodic health checkups.[67]

Phase 3 (4–17 May)

On 1 May, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Government of India (GoI) further extended the
lockdown period to two weeks beyond 4 May, with some relaxations.[68][69]
The country has been split
into 3 zones: red zones (130 districts), orange zones (284 districts), and green zones (320
districts).[70]
Red zones are those with high coronavirus cases and a high doubling rate, orange zones are those with
comparatively fewer cases than red zone and green zones are those without any cases in the past 21 days.
Normal movement is permitted in green zones with buses limited to 50 percent capacity. Orange zones
would allow only private and hired vehicles but no public transportation. The red zones would remain
under lockdown. The zone classification would be revised once a week.[71]

Phase 4 (18–31 May)

On 17 May, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Ministry of Home Affairs
(MHA) extended the lockdown for a period for two weeks beyond 18 May, with additional relaxations.
Unlike the previous extensions, states were given a larger say in the demarcation of Green, Orange and
Red zones and the implementation roadmap. Red zones were further divided into to containment and
buffer zones. The local bodies were given the authority to demarcate containment and buffer
zones.[72][73][74]

Unlock

Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June)

The MHA issued fresh guidelines for June, stating that the phases of reopening would "have an
economic focus". Lockdown restrictions were only to be imposed in containment zones, while activities
were permitted in other zones in a phased manner. This first phase of reopening was termed "Unlock
1.0"[14] and permitted shopping malls, religious places, hotels, and restaurants to reopen from 8 June.
Large gatherings were still banned,[75] but there were no restrictions on interstate travel. Night curfews
were in effect from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas and state governments were allowed to impose suitable
restrictions on all activities.[76]

In future phases of reopening, further activities are to be permitted. In Phase II, all educational
institutions are scheduled to reopen in July, pending consultations with state governments. In Phase III,
easing of restrictions on international air travel, operation of metros, and recreational activities
(swimming pools, gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and assembly halls)
would be decided upon in August.[75]

Unlock 2.0 (1–31 July)

Phase II of Unlock began on 1 July under the guidelines and instructions of the MHA and the NDMA.
Lockdown measures were only imposed in containment zones. In all other areas, most activities were
permitted. Night curfews were in effect from 10  p.m. to 5  a.m. in all areas. State governments were
allowed to put suitable restrictions on all activities, but state borders remained open to all. Inter- and
intrastate travel was permitted. Limited international travel was permitted as part of the Vande Bharat
Mission. Shops were permitted to allow more than five persons at a time. Educational institutions,
metros, recreational activities remained closed till 31 July. Only essential activities were permitted in
containment zones while maintaining strict parameter control and "intensive contact tracing, house-to-
house surveillance, and other clinical interventions". Further guidelines regarding usage of Aarogya Setu
and masks were reiterated.[16]

Unlock 3.0 (1–31 August)

Unlock 3.0 for August 2020 removed night curfews and permitted gymnasiums and yoga centres to
reopen from 5 August. Educational institutions would remain closed till 31 August. All inter-and
intrastate travel and transportation are permitted. Independence Day celebrations are permitted with
social distancing.[17] Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu imposed a lockdown for the whole month, while West
Bengal imposed lockdowns twice a week.[77] On 30 August the Delhi Metro started its operations with
two metro lines

Unlock 4.0 (1–30 September)

On 29 August 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in Unlock
4.0. It said that "Lockdown shall remain in force in the Containment Zones till 30th September
2020".[78] Outside the containment zone, however, some activities were given permission. Metro Rail
was allowed to be reopened in a graded manner from 7 September.[78] Marriage functions with
gatherings of up to 50 people and funereal/last rites ceremonies with up to 20 people were permitted.[78]
Religious, entertainment, political, sports, academic functions and gatherings of up to 100 people were
allowed.[78] Face coverings/masks were made compulsory in public places, workplaces and during
transport.[78]

Unlock 5.0 (1–31 October)

On 30 September 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in Unlock
5.0.[79] For schools it has a preference for online learning if possible, but States and Union Territories
will be able to make those decisions from 15 October, in a graded manner. Lockdown shall remain in
force strictly in the Containment Zones till 30 November 2020.[80] Also, swimming pools being used for
training of sportsperson would be allowed to open.[79] Cinema halls, that had remained close all this
while, could finally be opened from 15 October 2020, with a 50% of their seating capacity.[79] On 3
November the Government of Kerala opened its tourism sector by reopening hill stations, beaches,
national park, and inter-state public transport movement

The Government Of India has decided to open all educational institutions by January 2021 including
schools and colleges and universities across India. The Government of Kerala has decided to open its
school from December 2020.

Unlock 6.0 (1–30 November)

On 27 October 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in Unlock
6.0.[81][82][83] The Ministry of Home Affairs did not make any new changes to the existing Unlock 5.0
guidelines in its latest instructions for another set of unlocking and said that they would continue to be
implemented in the month of November too.[84] Also, a handful of states have allowed opening up of
more activities outside containment zones and announced partial reopening of schools.[85] Lockdown
has been enforced time and again in spite of attempts to permanently move towards an unlock phase.[86]
The government of India has extended the ban on scheduled international flights till January 31.[87]

Lockdown in 2021

As the second wave of COVID-19 hit India, several states went in partial or complete lockdown again.[88]

Impact
Food delivery services were banned by several state governments despite the central government's
approval.[89] Thousands of people emigrated out of major Indian cities, as they became jobless after the
lockdown.[90] Following the lockdown, India's electricity demand fell down to a five-month low on 28
March 2020.[91] Many states were keen on opening up liquor shops during the lockdown which was
finally allowed in the 3rd phase beginning on 4 May. Reports of a surge in illicit liquor sales and most
importantly, drying up of revenue from liquor sales was the main stimulation.[92][93]

Due to the lockdown, more than 350 deaths were reported as of 10 May, with reasons ranging from
starvation, suicides,[94] exhaustion,[95] road and rail accidents,[96] police brutality[97][98][99] and denial
of timely medical care.[100] Among the reported deaths, most were among the marginalised migrants
and labourers.[101][102]

Economic Impact

India had already been experiencing a prolonged economic slowdown.[103] The GDP growth rate had
fallen from 8.2% in January–March 2018 to 3.1% in January–March 2020.[104]
In the first quarter of the financial year 2020-2021, this number went into negative. The GDP growth
rate for April–June 2020 was -23.9%, which happened to be the worst ever in history.[105] Crucial
parameters like manufacturing, construction, trade, hotel industry saw a decline and slid into negative.
Manufacturing growth at -39.3%, Mining growth at -23.3%, Construction growth at -50%, Trade & hotel
industry growth at -47%.[105]

Migrant workers

With factories and workplaces shut down, millions of migrant

workers had to deal with the loss of income, food shortages and
uncertainty about their future.[106][107] Following this, many of them
and their families went hungry.[108] While government schemes
ensured that the poor would get additional rations due to the
lockdown, the distribution system failed to be effective.[109][110]

With no work and no money, thousands of migrant workers were

seen walking or bicycling hundreds of kilometres to go back to their
native villages.[111] Many were arrested for violating the
lockdown[112] and some died of exhaustion[113] or in accidents on the
roads.[114] Migrant workers stand in a queue
for food at Delhi Government school
On 29 March 2020, the government ordered landlords to not during COVID-19 lockdown at Delhi
demand rent and employers to pay wages without deduction. It also
announced that those who violated the lockdown were to be sent to
government-run quarantine facilities for 14 days.[115][116]

In its report to the Supreme Court of India on 31 March, the central government stated that the migrant
workers, apprehensive about their survival, moved in the panic created by fake news that the lockdown
would last for more than three months.[117][118]

In late March, the Uttar Pradesh government decided to arrange buses at Delhi's Anand Vihar bus
station to take the migrants back to their villages for free.[119] Migrants across the country remained
stranded till the last week of April, when the state governments were finally permitted by the central
government to operate buses, but not trains.[120]

On 1 May 2020, the central government allowed the Indian Railways to launch "Shramik Special" trains
for the migrant workers and others stranded.[121] Due to lack of coordination between originating states
and railways, reports were claiming that migrants were being charged for the train tickets. The
government faced criticism from the opposition.[122] The Railways later clarified that it was bearing 85%
of the total cost of running and the rest 15% which makes up the ticket fare was being borne by the
originating states.[123][124]

Despite the launching of special trains and buses by the government, the migrant workers chose to either
travel together in large groups. They did not wait their turn to board the government-arranged transport,
mainly due to starvation and eagerness to reach their homes soon.[125] Additionally, they felt that going
back to their hometowns, they could return to farming and take up small jobs under the MNREGA.[126]

On 26 May 2020, the Supreme Court admitted that the problems of the migrants had still not been
solved and that there had been "inadequacies and certain lapses" on the part of the governments. It thus
ordered the Centre and States to provide free food, shelter, and transport to stranded migrant
workers.[127]

Food supply chain

The order issued by the Home Ministry on 24 March allowed the functioning of shops dealing with food
items as well as the manufacturing units and transportation of "essential goods". However, the lack of
clarity on "essential goods" meant that the policemen on the streets stopped workers going to factories
and the trucks carrying food items. Food industries also faced shortages of labour because the workers
were unable to reach workplaces and the factory managers faced the fear of legal action. All these factors
combined to result in shortages and a rise in the prices of food items.[128] By the first week of April,
essential industries such as growing, harvesting, and food deliveries were allowed to operate.[129]

Relief

On 26 March 2020, the Indian government announced a relief package of $22.6 billion to assist the poor
population hit economically by the COVID-19 pandemic. The plan was to benefit the migrant workers
through cash transfers and initiatives for food security.[130] However, on 9 April 2020, economists and
activists argued that a significant proportion of the affected population was unable to avail the facilities.
Only those registered with the federal food welfare scheme were able to secure benefits.[131]

According to a Government of India report filed with the Supreme Court of India, as of 7 April, state
governments operated 22,567 relief camps for stranded migrant workers, of which 15,541 camps
(amounting to 68% of all) were operated by Kerala, 1,135 camps by Maharashtra, 178 camps by Tamil
Nadu and smaller numbers by other states. Non-governmental organisations were operating 3,909
camps.[132]

On 12 May 2020, Narendra Modi announced that the government would provide 20  trillion rupees
($266 billion) in support package in fiscal and monetary measures to support the economy.[133]

Impact on environment

Rivers had become cleaner as industries were closed due to the lockdown.[134][135][136][137][138] The
quality of air had significantly improved during the lockdown especially in metropolitan cities .[139]

Effectiveness

People were seen breaching the lockdown and not following social distancing by crowding in vegetable
markets in some places.[140][141][142] On 29 March, Prime Minister Modi advised against this, urging
people to stay home in his Mann Ki Baat radio address.[143]

On 27 March 2020, the police arrested 8 people and registered a complaint against 150 people in Hardoi
for gathering at a mosque.[144] On 2 April 2020, thousands of people assembled at temples in various
parts of West Bengal defying the lockdown for celebrating Rama Navami.[145][146] 12 members of
Tablighi Jamaat were arrested on 5 April 2020 in Muzaffarnagar for defying the lockdown and
organising an event.[147] A priest in Andhra Pradesh was arrested for defying the lockdown and
organizing a gathering of 150 people in a church.[148]
According to a study at Shiv Nadar University, India could have
witnessed a surge of 31,000 cases of disease between 24 March and
14 April without lockdown.[149] A group of researchers at the
University of Oxford who tracked the governmental policy measures
to counter the pandemic rated India's lockdown as one of the most
stringent in the world, scoring "100 out of 100" on their tracker.
They noted that India implemented school closures, border closure,
travel bans, etc. but they said it was too early to measure their
success in containing the pandemic.[150][151]

Shamika Ravi from Brookings Institution in India has noted that the
growth rate of the pandemic has slowed from doubling every three
days before the lockdown to doubling every six days by 6 April. It A poster for spreading awareness in
was derailed in the intervening period by the Tablighi Jamaat super India about the purpose of lockdown
spreader event in Nizamuddin.[5] By 25 April, it had further slowed
to a rate of doubling every twelve days.[152]

In a routine press briefing on 22 May, Dr. VK Paul, chairman of the national task force on COVID-19,
along with officials from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, announced that the
growth rate of new cases came down to 5.5% on 15 May from 22.6% on 3 April. The doubling rate of
cases stood at 13.5 days. The death rate decreased to 5.5% from 48.1% on 5 April.

Based on estimation models from various independent sources and MoSPI it was predicted that
lockdown (1.0 + 2.0) helped avert 14-29 lakh cases and 37,000-78,000 deaths till 15 May.[153][154][155]

Among various estimation models presented at the briefing the one by Boston Consulting Group showed
that 1.2M-210,000 lives were saved and 36-70  lakh cases were averted due to the lockdown till 15
May.[153] Another model by Public Health Foundation of India predicted that 78,000 deaths were
averted during the period.[153]

Reception
Henk Bekedam, WHO Representative to India, praised the response describing it as "timely,
comprehensive and robust".[2] WHO executive director, Mike Ryan said that lockdowns alone will not
eliminate coronavirus. He said that India must take necessary measures to prevent a second and third
wave of infections.[156] On 3 April 2020, Dr David Nabarro, WHO's special envoy on the disease, said
that the "Lockdown in India was early, far-sighted and courageous" and was better than waiting for
another 3 or 4 weeks.[157]

In late March, two researchers from the University of Cambridge came up with a new mathematical
model that predicts a flat 49-day countrywide lockdown or sustained lockdown with periodic relaxation
extending over two months may be necessary to prevent COVID-19 resurgence in India.[158]

According to The Economist, the lockdown was "all but certain to have exacerbated" the devastation of
the pandemic.[159]

The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) issued a report in late March, in
collaboration with researchers from Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University, where it said
that a national lockdown is not "productive" and could cause "serious economic damage". It advocated
state-level lockdowns in the most affected states. Its models predicted that in the best-case scenario, a
peak of one million hospitalisations would be encountered in early June.[160][161][162][a] In an op-ed in
The New York Times, the CDDEP director Laxminarayan explained that if the national lockdown finds
good compliance, it would reduce the peak infections in early May by 70 to 80 percent, but still 1 million
would require hospitalisation and critical care. He further hypothesised If the lockdown was not imposed
the number of critical patients would have reached 5-6 million.[164]

The CDDEP released another report on 20 April, again in collaboration with researchers from Johns
Hopkins University and Princeton University. This report discussed the "potential impact of the
lockdown". The study concluded that the lockdown would help in significantly slowing the spread of
COVID-19 in the country. It said that the lockdown would buy the government critical precursory time to
expand COVID-19 healthcare infrastructure, by keeping the hospitalisation rates in check and preventing
the overwhelming of existing healthcare facilities. The study also said that the lockdown measures like
physical distancing, ban on social gatherings, and movement restrictions would further delay and reduce
the peak of infections and hospitalisation.[165]

Economist Jean Drèze stated that the lockdown had been "almost a death sentence" for the
underprivileged of the country, in an interview with News18. He went on to say, "The policies are made
or influenced by a class of people who pay little attention to the consequences for the
underprivileged".[166]

See also
COVID-19 lockdown in China
COVID-19 lockdown in Italy
Malaysian movement control order
COVID-19 lockdowns

Notes
a. There was some confusion regarding the involvement of the Johns Hopkins University as the
University said that the use of its logo was unauthorised. However, the University's International
Health Twitter handle reaffirmed its association with the CDDEP and the report. The Princeton
University also acknowledged the affiliation of its researchers and pointed out that the work will be
submitted to peer review.[163]

References
1. Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schultz, Kai (24 March 2020). "Modi Orders 3-Week Total Lockdown for All 1.3
Billion Indians" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/world/asia/india-coronavirus-lockdown.html).
The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331).
2. "COVID-19: Lockdown across India, in line with WHO guidance" (https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/0
3/1060132). UN News. 22 March 2020.
3. Helen Regan; Esha Mitra; Swati Gupta. "India places millions under lockdown to fight coronavirus" (h
ttps://www.cnn.com/2020/03/23/asia/coronavirus-covid-19-update-india-intl-hnk/index.html). CNN.
4. "India racked by greatest exodus since partition due to coronavirus" (https://www.theguardian.com/w
orld/2020/mar/30/india-wracked-by-greatest-exodus-since-partition-due-to-coronavirus). the
Guardian. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
5. Sandhya Ramesh (14 April 2020). "R0 data shows India's coronavirus infection rate has slowed,
gives lockdown a thumbs up" (https://theprint.in/science/r0-data-shows-indias-coronavirus-infection-r
ate-has-slowed-gives-lockdown-a-thumbs-up/399734/). ThePrint. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
 6. Gupta, Shekhar (18 April 2020). "Covid hasn't gone viral in India yet, but some in the world & at
home can't accept the truth" (https://theprint.in/national-interest/covid-hasnt-gone-viral-in-india-yet-bu
t-some-in-the-world-at-home-cant-accept-the-truth/404178/). ThePrint. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
7. "Close schools, all religious activities, extend lockdown: States tell Centre" (https://www.indiatoday.i
n/india/story/close-schools-all-religious-activities-extend-lockdown-states-tell-centre-1664354-2020-0
4-07). India Today. 7 April 2020.
8. Anuja (10 April 2020). "Taking cues from Odisha, Punjab extends lockdown till 1 May" (https://www.li
vemint.com/news/india/taking-cues-from-odisha-punjab-extends-lockdown-till-1-may-115865206975
17.html). Livemint. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
9. "Covid-19: Karnataka extends lockdown by 2 weeks, throws in some relaxations" (https://www.hindu
stantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-karnataka-extends-lockdown-by-2-weeks-throws-in-some-relaxat
ions/story-03KKPWk1Hu6Xe2ThcFhBWI.html). HT Digital Streams Ltd. 11 April 2020. Retrieved
12 April 2020.
10. "Coronavirus India Live Updates: Telangana follows Maha and West Bengal, extends lockdown till
April 30" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-l
ive-news-latest-updates-april11/liveblog/75089891.cms). Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. 12 April 2020.
Retrieved 13 April 2020.
11. "PM Modi announces extension of lockdown till 3 May" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-mo
di-announces-extension-of-lockdown-till-3-may-11586839412073.html). Livemint. 14 April 2020.
12. "2 More Weeks Of Lockdown Starting May 4" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nationwide-lockdown
-over-coronavirus-extended-for-two-weeks-beyond-may-4-2221782). NDTV.com. Retrieved 1 May
2020.
13. "Centre extends nationwide lockdown till May 31, new guidelines issued" (https://www.tribuneindia.co
m/news/nation/centre-extends-nationwide-lockdown-till-may-31-new-guidelines-issued-86042).
Tribuneindia News Service. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
14. Sharma, Neeta (30 May 2020). Ghosh, Deepshikha (ed.). " "Unlock1": Malls, Restaurants, Places Of
Worship To Reopen June 8" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lockdown-extended-till-june-30-malls-r
estaurants-can-reopen-from-june-8-except-in-containment-zones-2237910). NDTV. Retrieved
30 May 2020.
15. "Lockdown phase over, says Narendra Modi" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/lock
down-phase-over-says-modi/article31855472.ece). The Hindu. 17 June 2020. ISSN 0971-751X (http
s://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 8 July 2020.
16. Tiwary, Deeptiman (30 June 2020). "Unlock 2: More flights, trains, but no schools and colleges till
July 31" (https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/unlock-2-guidelines-july-coronavirus-648217
9/). The Indian Express. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
17. "Unlock 3.0 guidelines: Here is what's allowed, what's not" (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/unl
ock-3-0-guidelines-rules-whats-allowed-whats-not-6529596/). The Indian Express. 30 July 2020.
Retrieved 1 August 2020.
18. "Unlock 4.0: Schools to reopen for Classes 9 to 12 from 21 Sep on voluntary basis; Centre issues
guidelines - India News , Firstpost" (https://www.firstpost.com/india/unlock-4-0-schools-to-reopen-for-
classes-9-to-12-from-21-sep-on-voluntary-basis-centre-issues-guidelines-8797971.html). Firstpost. 9
September 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
19. "Unlock 5.0 Guideline: जानें- ट्रेन, सिनेमा हॉल, स्कू ल के साथ क्या-क्या खुलने के हैं आसार" (https://www.jagra
n.com/news/national-unlock-5-full-guidelines-know-what-to-open-from-1-october2020-20808875.htm
l). Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 30 September 2020.
20. Desk, India com Hindi News. "Unlock 6.0 Guidelines: आज से देश में शुरू हुआ 'अनलॉक 6.0', जानें क्या
खुलेगा और क्या अब भी रहेगा बंद…" (https://www.india.com/hindi-news/india-hindi/unlock-6-0-guidelines-
unlock-6-0-starts-from-today-in-india-know-whats-allowed-and-whats-not-unlock-6-full-guidelines-41
93462/). India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com (in Hindi). Retrieved
11 November 2020.
21. Desk, Careerindia Hindi (25 November 2020). "Unlock 7.0 Guidelines In Hindi: 1 दिसंबर से क्या खुलेगा
क्या बंद रहेगा, अनलॉक 7 के दिशानिर्देश पढ़ें" (https://hindi.careerindia.com/news/unlock-7-0-guidelines-in-
hindi-for-december-2020-002841.html). Career India (in Hindi). Retrieved 11 December 2020.
22. Staff Writer (16 April 2021). "UP govt imposes Sunday lockdown in the state. Details here" (https://w
ww.livemint.com/news/india/up-govt-imposes-sunday-lockdown-in-the-state-details-here-116185599
71928.html). mint. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
23. Shreya (15 April 2021). "Covid-19 spike: Kejriwal announces weekend curfew in Delhi" (https://www.
oneindia.com/india/lockdown-in-delhi-kejriwal-holds-review-meet-with-l-g-announcement-likely-at-1-p
m-3245004.html). oneindia. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
24. Ward, Alex (24 March 2020). "India's coronavirus lockdown and its looming crisis, explained" (https://
www.vox.com/2020/3/24/21190868/coronavirus-india-modi-lockdown-kashmir). Vox.
25. "PM Modi calls for 'Janata curfew' on March 22 from 7 am -9 pm" (https://www.thehindubusinessline.
com/news/pm-modi-calls-for-janta-curfew-on-march-22-from-7-am-9-pm/article31110155.ece).
BusinessLine.
26. "India's 1.3bn population told to stay at home" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-5202423
9). BBC News. 25 March 2020.
27. "21-day lockdown in entire India to fight coronavirus, announces PM Narendra Modi" (https://www.in
diatoday.in/india/story/india-lockdown-pm-narendra-modi-speech-coronavirus-1659266-2020-03-24).
India Today.
28. "PM calls for complete lockdown of entire nation for 21 days" (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.as
px?PRID=1608009). Press Information Bureau.
29. "UP Officials Seen With Crowd Amid 'Janata Curfew'. Then, A Clarification" (https://www.ndtv.com/in
dia-news/up-officials-seen-with-crowd-amid-janata-curfew-then-a-clarification-2198993). NDTV.com.
30. DelhiMarch 19, India Today Web Desk New; March 19, India Today Web Desk New; Ist, India Today
Web Desk New. "What is Janata Curfew: A curfew of the people, by the people, for the people to
fight coronavirus" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/janata-curfew-to-fight-coronavirus-pm-modi-u
rges-citizens-to-stay-off-roads-from-7-am-to-9-pm-on-sunday-1657581-2020-03-19). India Today.
Retrieved 19 March 2020.
31. "PM Modi Speech on Coronavirus Highlights: Janata Curfew on Sunday, Avoid Panic Buying" (http
s://www.news18.com/news/india/pm-modi-speech-on-coronavirus-highlights-janata-curfew-on-sunda
y-avoid-panic-buying-2543315.html). News18. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
32. "Guidelines.pdf" (https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/Guidelines.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs.
33. Tripathi, Rahul (25 March 2020). "India 21-day Lockdown: What is exempted, what is not" (https://ec
onomictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-21-day-lockdown-what-is-exempted-what
-is-not/articleshow/74798725.cms). The Economic Times.
34. "MHA extend lockdown period" (https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHA%20Order%20Dt.%20
1.5.2020%20to%20extend%20Lockdown%20period%20for%202%20weeks%20w.e.f.%204.5.202
0%20with%20new%20guidelines.pdf) (PDF). mha.gov.in. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
35. "Unlock 2.0 guidelines: Full list of what is allowed, and what is not" (https://indianexpress.com/article/
india/india-unlock-2-guidelines-rules-what-is-allowed-coronavirus-6482192/). The Indian Express. 30
June 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
36. S, Kamaljit Kaur; DelhiMay 1, hu New; May 1, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 21:38. "Lockdown
extended: Liquor shops to open in all zones with these riders" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lo
ckdown-extended-liquor-shops-open-zones-restrictions-hotspots-1673431-2020-05-01). India Today.
Retrieved 23 July 2020.
37. Shekhar, Himanshu (4 May 2020). "Social distancing what? Long queues, chaos as liquor shops
reopen across country" (https://www.indiatvnews.com/business/news-liquor-shops-reopen-india-lock
down-3-ground-report-photos-614111). indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
38. DelhiMay 4, India Today Web Desk New; May 4, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 14:13. "Long queues
outside liquor shops, social distancing goes for a toss as govt relaxes lockdown" (https://www.indiato
day.in/india/story/long-queues-outside-delhi-liquor-shops-no-social-distancing-1674136-2020-05-04).
India Today. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
39. parab, bhagwan (6 May 2020). "Mumbai shuts non-essential, liquor shops after lockdown norms
flouted" (https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060520/mumbai-shuts-non-essential
-liquor-shops-after-lockdown-norms-flouted.html). Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
40. " 'Special Corona Fee' on liquor in Delhi" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/speci
al-corona-fee-on-liquor-in-delhi/article31505758.ece). The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 5 May
2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 23 July 2020.
41. "Liquor prices hiked in Andhra Pradesh by 75%" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/andhra-prades
h-govt-hikes-liquor-prices-by-another-50-per-cent-11588657908671.html). Livemint. 5 May 2020.
Retrieved 23 July 2020.
42. "TASMAC increases prices of liquor" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tasmac-inc
reases-prices-of-liquor/article31516124.ece). The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 6 May 2020.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 23 July 2020.
43. "e-token system launched to buy liquor" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/e-token-system
-launched-to-buy-liquor/article31530415.ece). The Hindu. 8 May 2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://ww
w.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 23 July 2020.
44. "Home delivery of liquor: State-wise official website links to order online" (https://www.timesnownew
s.com/india/article/home-delivery-of-liquor-state-wise-official-website-links-to-order-online/590395).
timesnownews.com. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
45. Singh, Karan Deep; Goel, Vindu; Kumar, Hari; Gettleman, Jeffrey (25 March 2020). "India, Day 1:
World's Largest Coronavirus Lockdown Begins" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/world/asia/indi
a-lockdown-coronavirus.html). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/
0362-4331).
46. Covid-19: People flock to wholesale markets in UP, West Bengal amidst lockdown (https://economicti
mes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-people-flock-to-wholesale-markets-in-up-west
-bengal-amid-lockdown/videoshow/74787095.cms), ANI, 24 March 2020
47. "Day 1 of coronavirus lockdown: India registers 101 new cases, 3 deaths; Govt says working to
deliver essential services" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/day-1-of-coronavirus-lockdown-india-
registers-88-new-cases-3-deaths-govt-says-working-to-deliver-essential-services-1659742-2020-03-
25). India Today.
48. "Rs 2.3 trillion for 1.3 billion: Govt to announce stimulus package to fight coronavirus, says report" (ht
tps://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-stimulus-package-for-businesses-poor-modi-govt-165
9698-2020-03-25). India Today.
49. "FM Nirmala Sitharaman announces Rs 1.7 lakh crore relief package for poor" (https://economictime
s.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/fm-nirmala-sitharaman-announces-rs-1-7-lakh-crore-relief-pa
ckage-for-poor/articleshow/74825054.cms?from=mdr). The Economic Times. 27 March 2020.
50. Choudhury, Saheli Roy (26 March 2020). "India announces $22.5 billion stimulus package to help
those affected by the lockdown" (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-india-needs-a-suppo
rt-package-larger-than-20-billion-dollars.html). CNBC.
51. "RBI cuts rates, allows moratorium on auto, home loan EMIs" (https://www.thehindu.com/business/h
ome-auto-loans-deferred-for-3-months/article31179786.ece). The Hindu. 27 March 2020.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X).
52. "MASSIVE: Railways suspends all passenger train operations till March 31" (https://www.republicwor
ld.com/india-news/general-news/indian-railways-likely-to-halt-all-trains). Republic World. Retrieved
30 March 2020.
53. Nandi, Tamal (27 March 2020). "How Indian Railways continuing its freight operations post
lockdown" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indian-railways-continuing-its-freight-operations-post
-22-march-lockdown-11585314775866.html). Livemint. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
54. Nandi, Shreya (29 March 2020). "Covid-19: Railways resumes parcel trains to transport essential
goods" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-railways-resumes-parcel-trains-to-transport-es
sential-goods-11585504148683.html). Livemint. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
55. "Coronavirus Outbreak: Indian Railways converts non-AC train coach into isolation ward on trial
basis" (https://www.firstpost.com/india/coronavirus-outbreak-indian-railways-converts-non-ac-train-co
ach-into-isolation-ward-on-trial-basis-8201221.html). Firstpost. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
56. Ramaprasad, Hema. "India has closed its railways for the first time in 167 years. Now trains are
being turned into hospitals" (https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/05/asia/indian-railways-coronavirus-hospit
als-intl-hnk/index.html). CNN. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
57. "Looking back at anger" (https://web.archive.org/web/20050306025910/http://www.hindu.com/thehin
du/lr/2002/01/06/stories/2002010600140200.htm). The Hindu. 6 January 2002. Archived from the
original (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/01/06/stories/2002010600140200.htm) on 6 March
2005. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
58. "PM Modi urges countrymen to dispel the darkness spread by coronavirus by lighting a candle on
April 5" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modi-urges-countrymen-t
o-dispel-the-darkness-spread-by-coronavirus-by-lighting-a-candle-on-april-5/articleshow/74959545.c
ms?from=mdr). The Economic Times. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
59. Desk, The Hindu Net (3 April 2020). "Coronavirus | Switch off all lights and light lamps at 9 pm on 5
April, says PM Modi" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prime-minister-narendra-modi-live-up
dates-april-3-2020/article31243832.ece). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/iss
n/0971-751X). Retrieved 8 November 2020.
60. "Odisha becomes first state to extend Covid-19 lockdown; sets April 30 as new date" (https://www.hi
ndustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-becomes-first-state-to-extend-covid-19-lockdown-sets-april-30-
as-new-date/story-MLEr0Zie3fXZWufT1lC2QM.html). Hindustan Times. 9 April 2020. Retrieved
9 April 2020.
61. "Coronavirus: Punjab govt extends lockdown till May 1" (https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/co
ronavirus-punjab-govt-extends-lockdown-1665578-2020-04-10). India Today. 10 April 2020.
62. "Maharashtra Lockdown at Least Till April 30, Says Uddhav Thackeray" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-
news/coronavirus-lockdown-to-remain-till-april-30-says-maharashtra-chief-minister-uddhav-thackera
y-2210114). NDTV. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
63. Dutta, Prabhash K. (14 April 2020). "In coronavirus lockdown extension, Modi wields stick, offers
carrot on exit route" (https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/in-coronavirus-lockdown-e
xtension-modi-wields-stick-offers-carrot-on-exit-route-1666741-2020-04-14). India Today.
64. "India coronavirus: All major cities named Covid-19 'red zone' hotspots" (https://www.bbc.com/news/
world-asia-india-52306225). BBC. 16 April 2020.
65. "India to allow farmers back to work amid lockdown" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52
290761). BBC News. 15 April 2020.
66. Aleem, Zeeshan (25 April 2020). "India takes a small step toward relaxing its strict lockdown" (https://
www.vox.com/2020/4/25/21236183/india-coronavirus-lockdown-small-business). Vox.
67. "MHA allows movement of migrants, tourists, students stranded at various places" (https://www.livem
int.com/news/india/mha-allows-movement-of-migrants-tourists-students-stranded-at-various-places-1
1588164377351.html). Livemint. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
68. "Lockdown extended by 2 weeks, India split into red, green and orange zones" (https://economictime
s.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/govt-extends-lockdown-by-two-weeks-permits-considerabl
e-relaxations-in-green-and-orange-zones/articleshow/75491935.cms). The Economic Times. 1 May
2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
69. "Lockdown extended till May 17: Read MHA guideline" (https://web.archive.org/web/2020052608041
2/https://www.newsworld24.in/2020/05/lockdown-extension-till-may-17-read-mha-guidelines.html).
News World24. 1 May 2020. Archived from the original (https://www.newsworld24.in/2020/05/lockdo
wn-extension-till-may-17-read-mha-guidelines.html) on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
70. Thacker, Teena (1 May 2020). "Centre issues state-wise division of Covid-19 red, orange & green
zones" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-issues-state-wise-divis
ion-of-covid-19-red-orange-green-zones/articleshow/75486277.cms). The Economic Times.
71. "Red, Orange, Green Zone district-wise list for coronavirus lockdown: Complete classification of
areas in India" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/red-orange-green-zones-full-current-update-list-
districts-states-india-coronavirus-1673358-2020-05-01). India Today. 1 May 2020.
72. "Coronavirus lockdown extended till 31 May, says NDMA" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covi
d-19-lockdown-4-0-coronavirus-lockdown-extended-till-31-may-says-ndma-11589715203633.html).
LiveMint. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
73. "Lockdown 4.0 guidelines | What's allowed and what's not?" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/nationa
l/lockdown-40-guidelines-whats-allowed-and-whats-not/article31609394.ece). The Hindu. 17 May
2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 17 May 2020.
74. "Lockdown 4.0 guidelines: Centre extends nationwide lockdown till May 31 with considerable
relaxations" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-extends-nationwi
de-lockdown-till-may-31-with-considerable-relaxations/articleshow/75790821.cms). The Economic
Times. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
75. "Lockdown 5.0 guidelines: What's allowed, what's not" (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/lockdo
wn-5-0-guidelines-6434777/). The Indian Express. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
76. "Govt releases lockdown 5.0 guidelines: Here's what's allowed and what's not" (https://economictime
s.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-extends-lockdown-in-containment-zones-till-june-3
0/articleshow/76109621.cms). The Economic Times. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
77. "India unlock 3.0 guidelines: Interstate travel rules in the country" (https://www.timesnownews.com/a
uto/features/article/india-unlock-3-guidelines-interstate-travel-rules-in-the-country/630430). Times
Now. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
78. "Ministry of Home Affairs Unlock 4.0 official guidelines on their official website" (https://www.mha.gov.
in/sites/default/files/MHAOrder_Unlock4_29082020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs.
79. "Ministry of Home Affairs Unlock 5.0 official guidelines on their official website" (https://www.mha.gov.
in/sites/default/files/MHAOrderDt_30092020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs.
80. GoI, MHA (30 September 2020). "MHA issues new Guidelines for Re-opening" (https://mha.gov.in/sit
es/default/files/MHANewguidelines_30092020.pdf) (PDF). PIB Delhi. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
81. "MHA Order Dt, 27.10.2020 reg extension of guidelines of reopening upto 30.11.2020" (https://mha.g
ov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrderDt_27102020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI. 27 October
2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
82. "MHA DO Dt. 27.10.2020 to all Chief Secretaries reg extension of reopening upto 30.11.2020" (http
s://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHADODt_27102020toallChiefSecretaries_27102020.pdf) (PDF).
Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
83. "MHA DO Dt. 27.10.2020 to all Administrators reg extension of reopening upto 30.11.2020" (https://m
ha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHADODt_27102020toallAdministrators_27102020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry
of Home Affairs, GoI. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
84. "Unlock 6.0 latest guidelines: What do they mean for schools, colleges, other educational
institutions" (https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-unlock-6-read-here-what-the-government-s-latest
-guidelines-for-schools-colleges-educational-institutions-mean-indiacom-report-2853033). DNA India.
29 October 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
85. "Unlock 6.0 guidelines: Which states have allowed more relaxations in Nov?" (https://indianexpress.c
om/article/explained/unlock-guidelines-november-state-wise-relaxations-delhi-maharashtra-tamil-nad
u-odisha-6911609/). The Indian Express. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
86. Mahamulkar, Sujit. "Lockdown Extension in Maharashtra: Maharashtra extends lockdown till January
31 | Mumbai News - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/lockdown-restri
ctions-in-maharashtra-extended-till-january-31/articleshow/80023646.cms). The Times of India.
Retrieved 31 December 2020.
87. "India extends ban on scheduled international flights till January 31" (https://www.timesnownews.co
m/business-economy/companies/article/india-extends-ban-on-scheduled-international-flights-till-janu
ary/701000). www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
88. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/covid-19-second-wave-heres-a-list-of-states-that-have-
imposed-lockdowns-7306634/
89. "Zomato, Swiggy ordered to shut down in several states" (https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.co
m/news/internet/zomato-swiggy-ordered-to-shut-down-in-several-states/74828652). ETtech.com.
90. Priyali Sur; Ben Westcott. "Indian migrant workers face tough choice amid world's largest lockdown"
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/27/india/coronavirus-covid-19-india-2703-intl-hnk/index.html). CNN.
Retrieved 28 March 2020.
91. "Coronavirus effect: India's electricity demand falls to 5-month low after lockdown" (https://www.indiat
oday.in/business/story/coronavirus-effect-india-s-electricity-demand-falls-to-5-month-low-after-lockdo
wn-1660339-2020-03-27). India Today.
92. Dutta, Prabhash (16 April 2020). "Not love for liquor but money, why states want alcohol to flow
during coronavirus lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/not-love-for-liquor-but-m
oney-why-states-want-alcohol-to-flow-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1667221-2020-04-15). Living
Media India Ltd. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
93. Kumar, Ravi Prakash (2 May 2020). "Liquor shops in India to open from Monday but conditions
apply" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/liquor-shops-in-india-to-open-from-monday-but-condition
s-apply-11588406220461.html). livemint.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
94. Elsa, Evangeline (15 April 2020). "The human cost of India's coronavirus lockdown: Deaths by
hunger, starvation, suicide and more" (https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/the-human-cost-of-india
s-coronavirus-lockdown-deaths-by-hunger-starvation-suicide-and-more-1.1586956637547). Gulf
News. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
95. "Suicide leading cause for over 300 lockdown deaths in India, says study" (https://economictimes.ind
iatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/suicide-leading-cause-for-over-300-lockdown-deaths-in-india-s
ays-study/articleshow/75519279.cms). The Economic Times. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
96. Gettleman, Jeffrey; Raj, Suhasini; Kumar, Hari (8 May 2020). "As India Reopens, Deadly Accidents
Break Out" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/world/asia/india-leak-train-reopen.html). The New
York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 13 May 2020.
97. Inamdar, Nadeem (27 March 2020). "Covid-19: Probe ordered into ambulance driver's death after
assault by policeman" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/covid-19-probe-ordered-into-ambulanc
e-driver-s-death-after-assault-by-policeman/story-45pj0d8MHMh4uudCnribWP.html). Hindustan
Times. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
98. Srivastava, Piyush (19 April 2020). " 'Beaten' for stepping out for biscuits, UP teen dies" (https://www.
telegraphindia.com/india/coronavirus-lockdown-beaten-for-stepping-out-for-biscuits-uttar-pradesh-te
en-dies/cid/1766154). The Telegraph. Kolkota. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
99. Singh, Anuraag (20 April 2020). "Farmer beaten by cops amid lockdown dies in Madhya Pradesh, six
officers suspended, SP transferred" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/apr/20/farmer-b
eaten-by-cops-amid-lockdown-dies-in-madhya-pradesh-six-officers-suspended-sp-transferred-21328
89.html). The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
00. "Two more gas tragedy victims die of COVID-19 in Bhopal; toll reaches seven" (https://www.newindia
nexpress.com/nation/2020/apr/21/two-more-gas-tragedy-victims-die-of-covid-19-in-bhopal-toll-reach
es-seven-2133237.html). The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
01. Vij, Shivam (13 April 2020). "More than 300 Indians have died of the coronavirus, and nearly 200 of
the lockdown" (https://theprint.in/opinion/more-than-300-indians-have-died-of-the-coronavirus-and-ne
arly-200-of-the-lockdown/400714/). ThePrint. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
02. Agarwal, Kabir (10 May 2020). "Not Just the Aurangabad Accident, 383 People Have Died Due to
the Punitive Lockdown" (https://thewire.in/rights/migrant-workers-non-coronavirus-lockdown-deaths).
The Wire. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
03. "Addressing pre-Covid issues to be crucial for India's recovery" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/indi
a-news/addressing-pre-covid-issues-to-be-crucial-for-india-s-recovery/story-KA18SAGU9Uvt0X4pCq
Ai6H.html). Hindustan Times. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
04. "Infographic: India's GDP Collapses In Face of Pandemic" (https://www.statista.com/chart/18245/indi
a-quarterly-gdp-growth/). Statista Infographics. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
05. DelhiSeptember 1, Aishwarya Paliwal New; September 1, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 13:48. "At
-23.9%, India's first-quarter GDP data worst in history: A look at past numbers" (https://www.indiatod
ay.in/diu/story/india-first-quarter-gdp-data-worst-1717384-2020-09-01). India Today. Retrieved
4 September 2020.
06. Slater, Joanna; Masih, Niha (28 March 2020). "In India, the world's biggest lockdown has forced
migrants to walk hundreds of miles home" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/india-
coronavirus-lockdown-migrant-workers/2020/03/27/a62df166-6f7d-11ea-a156-0048b62cdb51_story.
html). The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
07. Singh, Kanika (6 April 2020). "Coronavirus outbreak: Ensuring water, hygiene facilities for migrant
labourers can safeguard millions stranded during shutdown" (https://www.firstpost.com/india/coronav
irus-outbreak-ensuring-water-hygiene-facilities-for-migrant-labourers-can-safeguard-millions-strande
d-during-shutdown-8228331.html). Firstpost. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
08. Abi-Habib, Maria; Yasir, Sameer (29 March 2020). "India's Coronavirus Lockdown Leaves Vast
Numbers Stranded and Hungry" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/29/world/asia/coronavirus-india-
migrants.html). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331).
Retrieved 13 May 2020.
09. Jebaraj, Priscilla (8 May 2020). "Inter-State ration card portability usage very low: Food Minister" (htt
ps://www.thehindu.com/news/national/inter-state-ration-card-portability-usage-very-low-food-minister/
article31537575.ece). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X).
Retrieved 9 May 2020.
10. Kumar Gunjan, Rounak (15 April 2020). "Impatient, Starving, Angry: As India Extends Lockdown,
Stranded Migrant Workers Emerge as Crisis in Making" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/impatie
nt-starving-angry-as-india-battles-pandemic-stranded-migrant-workers-emerge-as-crisis-in-the-makin
g-2578109.html). News18. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
11. Jaiswal, Pankaj (26 March 2020). "Coronavirus update: A long walk home on empty stomachs for
masked migrants" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/caught-in-the-middle-of-an-epidemic/
story-kJhANZhDiU7SkU5OYUKJbO.html). Hindustan Times. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
12. Babu, Venkatesha; Saini, Sachin; Swaroop, Vijay (8 May 2020). "Across the country, migrants still
forced to walk thousands of miles" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/similar-scenes-in-se
veral-states-despite-new-trains/story-YL9qNcF315SA5o645aj1DP.html). Hindustan Times. Retrieved
9 May 2020.
13. Elsa, Evangeline (21 April 2020). "Coronavirus lockdown: 12-year-old Indian migrant worker walks
100 km, dies just 11km away from home" (https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/coronavirus-lockdow
n-12-year-old-indian-migrant-worker-walks-100-km-dies-just-11km-away-from-home-1.15874621680
19). Gulf News. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
14. Warsi, Zeba (7 May 2020). "42 Migrant Workers Died in Road Accidents While Trying to Return
Home during Lockdown: Report" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/42-migrant-workers-died-in-ro
ad-accidents-while-trying-to-return-to-their-home-states-during-lockdown-report-2609841.html).
News18. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
15. Pandey, Devesh K. (29 March 2020). "Coronavirus | Migrant workers to be stopped, quarantined at
borders, says Centre" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-centre-warns-lockdown-
violators-of-14-day-quarantine/article31198038.ece). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.world
cat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 2 May 2020.
16. Dubey, Vivek (29 March 2020). "Coronavirus crisis: Landlords can't ask rent from students, workers
for 1 month" (https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/coronavirus-crisis-landlords-can-
not-ask-rent-from-students-workers-for-1-month/story/399551.html). Business Today.
17. Chaturvedi, Arpan (1 April 2020). "Government Effort To Restrain Media Coverage Of Pandemic Met
With Supreme Court Caution" (https://www.bloombergquint.com/law-and-policy/government-effort-to-
restrain-media-coverage-of-pandemic-met-with-supreme-court-caution). BloombergQuint. Retrieved
10 May 2020.
18. Rajalakshmi, T. K. (1 April 2020). "Centre blames media 'fake news' for mass migration during
lockdown" (https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article31228357.ece). The Hindu Frontline.
Retrieved 10 May 2020.
19. Jha, Somesh (29 March 2020). "Fighting Covid-19: After the long walk, jobless migrants head home
by bus" (https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/fighting-covid-19-after-the-long-wa
lk-jobless-migrants-head-home-by-bus-120032900041_1.html). Business Standard India. Retrieved
2 May 2020.
20. Gunasekar, Arvind (30 April 2020). "Buses Not Feasible For Moving Migrants, States Appeal To
Centre: Sources" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/buses-not-feasible-for-moving-migrants-states-a
ppeal-to-centre-sources-2221212). NDTV. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
21. Bhargava, Yuthika (1 May 2020). "Coronavirus lockdown | Railways to run 'Shramik Special' trains to
move migrant workers, other stranded persons" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/railways-to
-run-shramik-special-trains-to-move-migrant-workers-other-stranded-persons/article31481996.ece).
The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 9 May 2020.
22. Anuja; Varma, Gyan (4 May 2020). "Congress' move to sponsor rail fare for migrants sparks political
tussle" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/congress-will-pay-for-rail-travel-of-needy-and-migrants-
sonia-gandhi-11588564839050.html). Livemint. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
23. "Migrants To Not Pay For Tickets Of Shramik Trains: Railway Board Chairman" (https://www.ndtv.co
m/india-news/covid-19-migrants-to-not-pay-for-tickets-of-shramik-trains-railway-board-chairman-223
7452). NDTV.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
24. " 'Migrants Don't Have to Pay for Shramik Trains,' Clarify Railways" (https://www.thequint.com/news/i
ndia/migrants-dont-have-to-pay-for-shramik-trains-railways-clarify-coronavirus-lockdown-news). The
Quint. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
25. Venkatraman, Tanushree; Chauhan, Saurabh; Dey, Sanjoy; Mishra, Ritesh (16 May 2020). "In long
walk back home, migrants battle hunger, scourge of Covid-19" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/indi
a-news/in-long-walk-back-home-migrants-battle-hunger-scourge-of-disease/story-TizRfUz69osJQ0U
qmm6jZN.html). Hindustan Times. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
26. "AP PHOTOS: An Army of Indian Migrant Workers Heads Home" (https://www.nytimes.com/aponlin
e/2020/05/16/world/asia/ap-as-virus-outbreak-india-migrants-photo-gallery.html). The New York
Times. The Associated Press. 16 May 2020. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4
331). Retrieved 16 May 2020.
27. Rajagopal, Krishnadas (26 May 2020). "Supreme Court orders Centre and States to immediately
provide transport, food and shelter free of cost to stranded migrant workers" (https://www.thehindu.c
om/news/national/supreme-court-takes-suo-motu-cognisance-of-migrant-workers-issue/article31679
389.ece). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 27 May
2020.
28. Hussain, Siraj (29 March 2020). "COVID-19 Border Lockdown: How Precariously Placed are Our
Food Supply Chains?" (https://thewire.in/economy/covid-19-border-lockdown-how-precariously-place
d-are-our-food-supply-chains). The Wire.
29. "India's Food Supply Chain Frays as People Stay Home" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-food-s
upply-chain-frays-as-people-stay-home-11586343607). 8 April 2020.
30. "India Unveils $22.6 Billion Stimulus Plan to Ease Virus Pain" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti
cles/2020-03-26/india-unveils-22-6-billion-stimulus-to-counter-virus-fallout). Bloomberg. Retrieved
26 March 2020.
31. "India's coronavirus relief plan could leave millions without food aid, activists say" (https://www.reuter
s.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-poverty-idUSKCN21S122). Reuters. Retrieved 10 April
2020.
32. "Coronavirus | Centre files report on migrant workers" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coro
navirus-centre-files-report-on-migrant-workers/article31283896.ece). The Hindu. 7 April 2020.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Retrieved 2 May 2020.
33. "India's Modi announces $266 bln economic package after coronavirus hit" (https://www.reuters.com/
article/health-coronavirus-india-economy-idUSD8N28100W). Reuters. 12 May 2020. Retrieved
13 May 2020.
34. "Lockdown makes Ganga water significantly cleaner" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/lockdown
-makes-ganga-water-significantly-cleaner-11586022134242.html). LiveMint. 4 April 2020. Retrieved
22 April 2020.
35. Naqvi, Haider; Kumar, Sudhir (4 April 2020). "Lockdown does what decades of schemes couldn't:
Clean Ganga" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/anxiety-more-time-to-study-for-40k-stude
nts-stranded-in-kota/story-LgCluBkrFEITG9qyX16IEI.html). HT Digital Streams Ltd. Retrieved
22 April 2020.
36. Mandyam, Nithya (15 April 2020). "Karnataka: Frothing reduces, Vrishabhavathi water crystal clear
after decades" (https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-frothing-reduces-vrishabhavathi-
water-crystal-clear-after-decades/articleshow/75150777.cms). Bennett, Coleman and Company Ltd.
Retrieved 22 April 2020.
37. "India's coronavirus lockdown reveals fresh air, cleaner rivers" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/c
oronavirus-lockdown-india-fresh-air-clean-rivers-1669726-2020-04-22). Living Media India Ltd. 22
April 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
38. Babu, Nikhil (14 April 2020). "Yamuna cleaner due to lockdown" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/citi
es/Delhi/yamuna-cleaner-due-to-lockdown/article31342401.ece). The Hindu. Retrieved 22 April
2020.
39. "The silver lining: air pollution dips amid the lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/
story/the-silver-lining-air-pollution-dips-amid-the-lockdown-1671422-2020-04-26). Retrieved 2 May
2020.
40. "People throng vegetable market despite lockdown" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbato
re/people-throng-vegetable-market-despite-lockdown/article31167795.ece). The Hindu. 25 March
2020.
41. "Karimnagar: Minister unhappy over people not following social distancing norms" (https://telanganat
oday.com/karimnagar-minister-unhappy-over-people-not-following-social-distancing-norms).
Telangana Today.
42. Rizvi, Sumaira (28 March 2020). "Clapping to slapping – India did everything other than social
distancing this week" (https://theprint.in/opinion/newsmaker-of-the-week/india-did-everything-other-th
an-social-distancing/389778/). ThePrint.
43. " 'I was extremely hurt...': Key highlights of PM Modi's Mann ki Baat address" (https://www.hindustant
imes.com/india-news/pm-modi-dedicates-mann-ki-baat-address-to-talk-about-coronavirus-crisis-key-
highlights/story-kHK3uV1NaIIP9ZasCb2jQO.html). Hindustan Times. 29 March 2020.
44. "Lockdown violation: 8 arrested in Ayodhya, over 150 booked in Hardoi for assembling in mosques"
(https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/lockdown-violation-8-arrested-in-ayodhya-over-150-booke
d-in-hardoi-for-assembling-in-mosques/story-Kqxj5u6AP6BmGSlRjWpHUK.html). Hindustan Times.
27 March 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
45. "Defying lockdown, devotees in Bengal assemble at temples on Ram Navami" (https://www.thehindu.
com/news/cities/kolkata/defying-lockdown-devotees-in-bengal-assemble-at-temples-on-ram-navami/
article31237211.ece). The Hindu. 2 April 2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971
-751X).
46. Press Trust of India (2 April 2020). "Devotees assemble in temples on Ram Navami in Bengal
defying lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/devotees-assemble-in-temples-on-ram-nava
mi-in-bengal-defying-lockdown-1662621-2020-04-02). India Today.
47. "12 Tabligi Jamaat Members from Nepal Booked for Defying Lockdown Orders in UP's
Muzaffarnagar" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/12-tabligi-jamaat-members-from-nepal-booked-
for-defying-lockdown-orders-in-ups-muzaffarnagar-2564823.html). News18. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
48. "Andhra pastor arrested for defying lockdown, conducting Mass with 150 people" (https://www.busine
ss-standard.com/article/news-ani/andhra-pastor-arrested-for-defying-lockdown-conducting-mass-wit
h-150-people-120040501023_1.html). Business Standard India. ANI. 5 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May
2020.
49. Sagar Kulkarni (3 April 2020). "India would have seen 31,000 coronavirus cases without lockdown:
Researches" (https://www.deccanherald.com/national/india-would-have-seen-31000-coronavirus-cas
es-without-lockdown-researches-821010.html). Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
50. "India implements strictest lockdown in the world, lags in testing: Expert" (https://www.indiatoday.in/in
dia/story/india-implements-strictest-lockdown-in-the-world-lags-in-testing-expert-1665604-2020-04-1
0). 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
51. "Study reveals India's response to coronavirus most stringent" (https://www.cnbctv18.com/healthcar
e/study-reveals-indias-response-to-coronavirus-most-stringent-5666531.htm). 11 April 2020.
Retrieved 11 April 2020.
52. Ravi, Shamika (25 April 2020). "Active cases in India as of April 25 (Brookings Institution India)" (http
s://twitter.com/ShamikaRavi/status/1254258975656165377/photo/2).
53. "Press Information Bureau" (https://pib.gov.in/WebcastMore.aspx?webcast_tempID=434). pib.gov.in.
Retrieved 30 May 2020.
54. "At least 14-29 lakh Covid cases averted due to early lockdown: Govt" (https://indianexpress.com/arti
cle/india/at-least-14-29-lakh-covid-cases-averted-due-to-early-lockdown-govt-6422545/). The Indian
Express. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
55. "No. of COVID-19 cases averted due to lockdown is in 14-29 lakh range, 37000-78000 lives saved:
Govt" (https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/no-of-covid-19-cases-averted-due-to-lockdown-is-in
-14-29-lakh-range-37000-78000-lives-saved-govt/articleshow/75894356.cms). Business Insider.
Retrieved 30 May 2020.
56. "Lockdowns alone won't eliminate coronavirus: WHO to India" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/c
oronavirus-pandemic-who-india-lockdown-1659803-2020-03-26). India Today.
57. " 'Lockdown in India was early, far-sighted and courageous': WHO envoy - india news" (https://www.h
industantimes.com/india-news/lockdown-in-india-was-early-this-was-far-sighted-courageous-move-w
ho-special-envoy-on-covid-19/story-wNdCkNVOqV5gCN8Du9jJ3N.html). Hindustan Times. 2 April
2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
58. "49-day lockdown necessary to stop coronavirus resurgence in India: Study" (https://www.livemint.co
m/news/india/49-day-lockdown-necessary-to-stop-coronavirus-resurgence-in-india-study-115854739
79844.html). Livemint. 29 March 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
59. "The hard choices covid policymakers face" (https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/04/04/the-har
d-choices-covid-policymakers-face). The Economist. 4 April 2020. ISSN 0013-0613 (https://www.worl
dcat.org/issn/0013-0613). Retrieved 17 June 2020.
60. "India may see 25 crore COVID-19 cases in next 3 months: Report" (https://www.outlookindia.com/n
ewsscroll/india-may-see-25-crore-covid19-cases-in-next-3-months-report/1781248). Outlook India.
61. Dharur, Suresh; Srinivasan, Venkataraghavan (29 March 2020). "The bad, the worse and the worst:
Where India is headed on COVID graph" (https://thefederal.com/analysis/the-bad-the-worse-and-the-
worst-where-india-is-headed-on-coronavirus-graph/). The Federal.
62. "COVID-19 Modeling with IndiaSIM" (https://cddep.org/covid-19/). Center for Disease Dynamics,
Economics & Policy (CDDEP). Retrieved 24 March 2020.
63. "Johns Hopkins University ties itself in knots over alarmist economist" (https://www.outlookindia.com/
newsscroll/johns-hopkins-university-ties-itself-in-knots-over-alarmist-economist/1783952). Outlook.
29 March 2020.
64. Laxminarayan, Ramanan (27 March 2020). "Opinion | What India Needs to Fight the Virus" (https://w
ww.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/opinion/india-coronavirus-lockdown.html). The New York Times.
ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331).
65. "COVID-19 in India: Potential Impact of the Lockdown and Other Longer-Term Policies" (https://cdde
p.org/publications/covid-19-india-potential-impact-of-the-lockdown-and-other-longer-term-policies/).
Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP). Retrieved 30 May 2020.
66. Nanda, Rupashree (1 May 2020). "Lockdown & Labour Pain: The Demand for MNREGA Work Has
Never Been so Strong, Says Economist Jean Dreze" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/lockdown
-labour-pain-the-demand-for-mnrega-work-has-never-been-so-strong-says-economist-jean-dreze-26
00383.html). News18. Retrieved 23 May 2020.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_lockdown_in_India&oldid=1031535232"

This page was last edited on 2 July 2021, at 05:00 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;

additional terms may apply. By using this site,
you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a
non-profit organization.