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    The SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF EXAMINER Malcolm Maclachlan FW, Master Moriner Formerly lecturer at Glasgow College of Nautical Studies The Nautical Institute THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER Published by The Nautical institute 202 Lambeth Road, London SEI 71Q, England Tel: +44 (0)20 7928 1351 Fax: +44 (0}20 7401 2817 Web: www-nautinst.org First edition (Business & Law Self-Examiner for Deck Officers) published 1998 (ISBN 1 871524 04 0) 2nd edition (Business & Law Self-Examiner for Deck Officers) published 2000 (|SBN 1.871524 06 7) 3rd edition (Shipmaster’s Business Self-Examiner) published 2003 {ISBN 1 871524 06 7) 4th edition published 2004 (ISBN 1.871524 08 3) Sth edition published 2005 (ISBN 1.870077 71 7), 6th edition published 2007 (ISBN 1 870077 80 6) 7th edition published 2009 (ISBN 1.906915 00 1) 8th edition published 2011 (ISBN 1906915 16 2) 8th edition published 2013 (ISBN 1.906915 44 5) © Malcolm Maclachlan and The Nautical Institute, 10th edition, 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher, except for quotation of brief passages in reviews. The outhor and publisher have used their best efforts in collecting and preparing material for inclusion in The Shipmaster’s Business Self-Examiner. They do not assume, and hereby disclaim, any lability to any party for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in The Shipmaster's Business Self-Examiner, whether ‘uch errors or omissions result from negligence, accident or any other cause. Readers of The Shipmaster's Business Self-Examiner are advised to make themselves aware of any applicable local, national or international legislation or administrative requirements or advice which may affect decisions taken by them in their professional capacities nt Cover design by PMD Ltd Printed in the UK by Frontier Digital Innovation ISBN 978 1 906915 35 3 ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER HOT OnHnna sm (i | Foreword by the late Claude Hamilton, formerly Chief Examiner, MCA Ge are ofthe work of today’s deck officers that is becoming increasingly important and time-consuming is {hat of Business and Law. With the amount of new legislation that has its roots in such bodies 9s the IMO. ILO and EU, the speed of port turnrounds and the current trend for numerous surveyors and inspectors to descend upon any newiy arrived ship, Business and Law is neither static nor simple or unimportant. {he testing of your knowledge of Business and Law within your oral examination is not just to see Ifyou have {he capacity to memorse a sufficient quantity of facts, its aso to ensure that you can apply the necessary knowledge to real situations and thus can carry out your job in a professional manner, sitce te first UK deck officer certificates of competency were issued in 1845, the oral exam has been a major feature in the certification of our officers, Within the oral exam there is nowhere to hide. You cannot leave Guestlon unanswered and choose another subject as the examiner will not let you. You have to be well prepared and to show the examiner that you are competent. To this end, | was very pleased to have been asked to write a short foreword to this book as | regard Malcolm Maclachlan’s Business & Law Self éxemier a8 2 verY useful tool, not only for preparation for oral exams but also for reference, both ashore and at cos, piligent use of this book wil generate a familiarity with the subject and the confidence to know where to look for the answer even if it does not immediately spring to mind. {wil not wish you luck, as luck should have nothing to do with your ability to demonstrate competence ~ but wish you well, Claude Hamilton Chief Examiner Maritime & Coastguard Agency 9 September 1998 THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER iv Preface ‘The principal additions and amendments in this new edition are in the following areas: Section A ~ Maritime treaty instruments: Maritime Labour Convention, 2006; Wreck Removal Convention. Section B ~The flag state and its law: Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA); HM Coastguard reorganisation; UK legislation; Offences and penalties, Section C~ The shipowner, manager and operator: ISM Code; Safety Code for Passenger Ships Operating, solely in UK Categorised Waters; Shipowner’s Liability under Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. Section D ~The ship: Lifesaving appliances; Medical stores; EPIRB registration requirements; EPIB testing requirements; MCA Survey and Certification Policy (MSIS 23); Statutory surveys and certification of UK ships; Harmonized System of Survey and Certification (HSC): general, and UK implementation; Certificates required by ship types; Compliance with ISM Code; MLC survey and certification requirements; Minimum safe manning document (SMD); Passenger ship safety certificate for ships operating solely in UK categorised waters; Wreck removal insurance certificate. Section £ - Master and crew: Master's responsibilities regarding cadet training; Seafarers’ documents; STCW 2010 and ISPS Code security officer training and certification requirements; STCW 2010 security-related training and instruction requirements for al seafarers; Human element, leadership and management (HELM) training: general; UK legislation implementing STCW 2010 requirements; UK training and certification guidance; Training and certification of UK masters and deck officers; Training and certification of UK engineer officers; Training and certification of UK radio operators; Training and certification of UK deck and engine room ratings; UK medical fitness certification; UK certificates of equivalent competency; Certification of UK ships’ cooks; UK requirements for safety familiarisation training and basic safety training; Training of UK tanker and passenger ship personnel; Training for emergency, occupational safety, security, medical care and survival functions; MCA guidance on STCW 2010 refresher training requirements; Human element, leadership and management (HELM) training: UK guidance; Maritime Labour Convention, 2006: UK requirements; UK requirements for safe manning; Minimum age; Seafarer employment agreements (EAs); Crew engagement and discharge procedure (UK MLC ships); Crew agreement and list of crew (UK non-MILC ships); UK seafarers’ wages; Food and catering (MLC ships); Provisions and water (UK non-MLC ships); MLC survey and inspection of UK ships; Passenger musters and passenger participation in drils; Complaints by crew members; Conduct and discipline; Repatriation of seafarers. Section G ~ Marine insurance: Wreck Removal Insurance. Section H ~ At sea: Coastal state jurisdiction; Watchkeeping arrangements; Discharges of oll; Discharges of oxious liquid substances; Discharges of sewage; Discharges of garbage; Emissions of air pollutants. Section |~ In port: Ebola; UK immigration procedures; Watchkeeping arrangements in port; Practice passenger rmusters; Light dues. Numerous minor amendments have been made to questions and answers in al sections. ‘Malcolm Maclachlan Biggar, Scotland . August 2015 nr THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER nmin hy 1) my mm my mm Mh Carmenere hm iowa ie ih iy s Advice to Orals candidates Every deck officer’s Orals examination is different and every Orals examination is rigorous ~ at least, it should bbe. Experience and feedback from past candidates shows, however, that there are several things you can do to ‘make your inquisition less of an ordeal than it might otherwise be. Before you leave a ship to go up for Orals, study the ship's documents and take to college a complete list of the certificates, manuals and other documents kept on board; the Master will have such alist. Ask permission to bring copies of expired or cancelled certificates with you — both statutory and class. Make sure you know your ship and how itis employed (whether on a liner service or under atime or voyage charter etc.), and attempt to ain some understanding of the statutory and commercial formalities involving its management-level Personnel, How does the Master tender notice of readiness? What messages, if any, have to be sent to harterers? Is the Master given a ‘captain's copy’ of the bill of lading? Does the mate sign any cargo documents? What happens when damaged cargo is reported to be coming aboard or when damage to the ship 's sustained? Who is the DPA and who Is the company security officer? What is the role of the ship security officer on arrival at a port, and what happens when the ship's security level is not the same as the port's level? Look also at your ship’s customs and port health documents, as well as the official log book, oil record book(s), ‘garbage record book, continuous synopsis record and other statutory records. You are highly likely to be asked about the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 and the STCW 2010 (Manila) Amendments. Do the Merchant Navy Code of Conduct or company rules of conduct apply on your ship? ISM is a favourite Orals topic, so you would be wise to learn what's in your ship's safety management documentation and how it should be used. Be prepared to explain how it benefits you on board. How does the ship's safety management system work, and how does the Master know whether itis being complied with? 'SPS is another standard Orals topic, so check your ship's ship security plan before coming ashore. | port, ask the agent for any unwanted cargo documents in his office such as shipping notes, dangerous goods notes, mate's receipts, bills of lading, sea waybills and protests; they will come in useful in the classroom. And while you are speaking to the agent, ask him about the documentary procedures for your particular cargo: what documents are issued or surrendered, by whom and when? Are mate's receipts used at this port? Whether you bring any documents to college or not, you will need to know a lot about ship's certificates, ISPS ‘and ISM Code audits and documents, risk assessments, crew matters (engagement, discharge, STCW, OLB, health and safety, musters and drills, hours of rest etc.) and ship safety (eg actions in casualty situations, dangerous goods). New regulations (Sis) and recent M notices are essential reading. You are quite likely to be asked about all these and much more. However, your inquisition may be somewhat shortened if you convince your examiner at an early stage that you know your stuff and are competent to sail as Master that very day, were you to be given a command, MCA surveyors are usually as rigorous in Orals examinations as they are in ship surveys, but they aim to be fair. ‘They try to pass candidates, not to fal them, but they rightly expect a very high standard of competency and a certain depth of knowledge ~ not the barest minimum to answer a question correctly. Since you are hoping to gain a shipmaster’s qualification, your examiner will expect you to answer all questions sounding like a shipmaster, and not like a second or third officer who does not actually consider himself or herself ready for ‘command. The examiner will expect you to use precise, professional language without classroom idiom and to speak with confidence and in a clear voice, but only after due thought and consideration of each question. Avoid digging holes for yourself: tHe} are difficult to climb out of once you're in them. Don’t say too much, or 100 little Stops think and correct yourself before it’s too late, but don’t delay your responses too long; ‘candidates from whom answers have to be dragged generally lengthen their time in the Orals room and are ‘more likely to fail than those who need little or no prompting. Arrive in good time for your appointment, even if it means having to make a ‘dummy run’ before your exam to check the journey time. Finally, remember that while your working rig aboard ship may be casual c Clothes, the working rig in MCA marine offices is rather more formal ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER vi Contents Foreword ... Preface to 2016 edition... Advice to Orals candidates... ‘A: Maritime treaty instruments.. IMO and IMO treaty instruments: general 1 SOLAS Convention .. 3 MARPOL Convention 5 Load Line Convention 6 COLREG Convention 6 STEW Convention 7 Mo action dates 8 |LO and international labour standards: general 8 Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. 8 UNCLOS.... 20 40 Other international treaties and rules concerning shipping B: The flag state and its law. Flag state administration Uk government organisations and officials. a3 UK inguiries and investigations... 2 UKiaw. 2B UK courts, offences and penalties 26 English law of contract. 28 English law of tort. 30 Maritime claims, lens and arrest. od C: The shipowner, manager and operator. Ship costs. Statutory obligations of owner of UK ship. IMO unique company and registered owner identification number... International Safety Management (ISM) Code .. Safety Management Code for Domestic Passenger Ships (DSM Code) Safety Code for Passenger Ships Operating Solely in UK Categorised Waters... Company's ship security obligations... shipowners’ liability under Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. Shipowners’ and ship managers’ organisations... ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER E e = mmnhinmh 4 ™m mA Mm Yeh vii D: The ship. Approved standards of ship design, construction and maintenance 50 Ship registration, IMO ship identification number and continuous synopsis record... Ship classification and class documents 87 Ship systems and equipment. 63 UX statutory ship classes 2 Statutory survey and certification of UK ships. 78: Compliance with ISM Code 89 ISM Code auelts and certification. so - ssn 90 DSM Code audits and certification 1SPS Code and ship security dacumentationsses.susmman sn MLC survey and certification requirements 96 Minimum safe manning document (SMO). swsennnnnitiinmninnnss Passenger ship safety certificate (PSSC) and passenger certificate (PC) 100 Passenger ship safety certificate for ships operating solely in UK categorised WaEFSccsesesnnerv102 Cargo ship safety construction certificate (SCC) 104 Cargo ship safety equipment certificate (SEC)... 104 Cargo ship safety radio certificate (SRC). 105 Cargo ship safety certificate (C8SC)cecnsnnsnnnsnsnsnsnnnnane so dOS SOLAS exemption certificate . 107 International and UX oil pollution prevention certificates (IOPPC and UKOPPC)xurucoreooen 107 International noxious liquid substances certificate (INLSC). .108 International sewage pollution prevention certificate (ISPPC).s.sccnnnnnsnen snd O9 International and UK air pollution prevention documentation. International and UK load line certificates International and other tonnage certificates... Pollution liability certificate... Wreck removal insurance certificate... Ship sanitation control certification. ‘Anti-fouling system documentation Certificates of fitness for gas carriers and chemical tankers High-speed craft (HSC) documentation sun Offshore support vessel (OSV) certificdté of fitness. Certification of special purpose ships... 124 Additional safety measures for bulk Carri€FS..nmmneunanninenin « smn DM Official log book (OLB) 125 GMDSS radio log... 127 ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER viii Records of navigational activities 128 Cargo records... sd29 Register of ships’ lifting appliances and cargo handling gear 129 Miscellaneous statutory documents. .130 Ballast water treatment equipment .. Ballast water management documentation Evidence to be retained following an accident. ‘Transfer of ship to or from UK register... E: Master and crew The Master. Seafarers’ documents. Seafarer training and certification: STCW requirements... Seafarer training and certification: UK requirements... Maritime Labour Convention, 2006: UK requirements Manning... Minimum age.. 169 Employment of young persons 169 Seafarer employment agreements (SEAS).. an Crew agreement and list of erew (UK non-MLC ships) .180 UK seafarers’ wages. 187 Ship security office: definition, designation and duties. 190 Health, safety and welfare: UK requirements . 91 Musters,drils, onboard traning and instructions and decision support systems: UK requirements. 206 ness a1 Hours of work 2 Complaints by crew members 2a Safety officals... 216 ‘Accident reporting and investigation. 219 Conduct and discipline Deaths. Repatriation of seafarers... 229 F: The ship’s employment. Parties involved in sea transportation, 229 Contracts of carriage by sea 233 Contract of affreightment (COA) on 234 Voyage charter... 235 Time charter 2a1 ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER os FL Fr fer i ry EL — a ak kkk mmm mmm meme, Bareboat charter. Shipping note, standard shipping note and mate's receipt... stn 26 Bill of iading (B/t), Sea waybill (W/8)... Carriage of goods by sea rules... Carriage of dangerous goods and marine pollutants. Loading and discharging cargo. G: Marine insurance. Shipowners’ insurance.. Insurance law and principles... Hull and machinery insurance .. PRI COVE oan 270 Pollution lability insurance... 2 Wreck removal insurance 2B Compulsory insurance of shipowners for maritime claims 273 273 274 Cargo insurance General average... Marine insurance-related organisations... 274 H: Atsea., 276 Coastal state jurisdiction 276 The voyage... 1280 Discharges of ol... 1289 Discharges of noxious liquid substances. 290 Discharges of sewage. 292 Discharges of garbage. 293 Emissions of air pollutants... 297 Care of cargo at $€8 a. 298 Ship-to-ship transfers... 298 Daily reporting 299 Safety communications 298 Collision 300 Grounding... 1301 Distress incidents.” 302 Stowaways, persons in distress and security incidents . 303 Reporting of accidents, incidents and events at sea, 304 Burial at sea (UK waters). 307 ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER salvage 307 Place of refuge 314 Port of refuge decisions and general average expenditure a5 Use of vessel traffic services (VTS) 1315 Port arrival preparations. 316 :inport Pilotage 327 Harbour towage. 330 Berthing 330 Customs, health and immigration procedures (arrival 331 Ship’s agent. ‘Taking over and handing over command. Reporting wreck. Consular business and protests. Port state control Bunkering... Air pollution prevention... Disposal of waste.. Personnel business in port... Stowaways Drydocking. lay-up General average. Passengers Customs procedures (departure), Light dues. THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER r rr Wt re tm FE ™ Tl OF Section A: Maritime treaty instruments IMO and IMO TREATY INSTRUMENTS: GI ENERAL International Maritime Organization (IMO) ‘AL. What is the International Maritime Organization (IMO)? ‘Aspecialsed agency of the United Nations that is responsible for measures to improve the safety and security of International shipping and to prevent ‘marine pollution from ships, IMO is also involved in legal matters, including liability and compensation issues and the facilitation of international maritime traffic. Website: ww.imo.org AZ How mony member states and associate members has the IMO? {75 member states and three assodate members [rource: IMO Member States webpage, 16 August 2015). adopted under the auspices of IMO? ‘A3.__ Who ls the head of the IMO? ‘The current elected Secretary- Geneva ‘4. Whot are the principol bodies in IMO" | (3) The Assembly (of all member states; (2) the Council (32 elected member structure? states); (3) the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC); (4) the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPCI; (5) Legal Committee; (6) Technical Co-operation Committee; and (7) Faction Committee, The MSC and MEPC are assisted by the following sub-committees: Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW); Sub-Committee on Implementation of IMO instruments (ll; Sub-Committee on Navigation, ‘Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR); Sub-Committee on Pollstion Prevention and Response (PPR); Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC); Sub-Committee on Ship Systems and Equipment (SSE) and Sub-Committee on Carrlage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC). ‘AS. What are the different types of legal | (1) Conventions; (2) protocols; (3) recommendations, codes and guidelines; instrument that IMO develops? and (4) resolutions. IMO conventions "AG. What isa convention? ‘A writen treaty between two or more hation states that Is binding mo International law. ‘A7.__ How many conventions have been More than 30, ‘AB What are the principal IMO Conventions in force? {G) international Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (dealing with Ship safety; (2) International Convention en Load Lines (ships freeboards and load lines); (3) Convention onthe International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG); () international Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STOW); (5) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MMARPOL); (6) International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships {all the major MO conventions? ‘9. Whats @ party state or contracting | An IMO member state that has ratified or accepted an IMO instrument such state? 85 8 convention or protocol, or an annex toa convention ‘AIO. is every IMO member state a party to | No. For various reasons, many states take several years to become a party tO {2 convention, and some never do. ‘AIL. _ When does an IMO convention enter into force? Usually a specified number of manths (most oRen 12 manths) after the date fon which atleast a speciied numberof states with merchant fleets forming ot less than a specified percentage ofthe world fet of vessels of 100gt and ‘over (eg 15 states with 65% of world shinping) have became party to the ‘convention. Some conventions have no tonnage requirement, This method of acceptance is called explicit acceptance, ‘Az, _ Which adopted IMO conventions Fave not yet entered into force? Conventions dealing with: (1) hazardous and nanious substances (NS Protocol, 2030); (2) ballast water management (BWM Convention 2004); and (3) ship recycling (Hong Kong SRC 2009} (source: Summary of Status of Conventions, 8 March 2036), “AIS. How are the requirements of International maritime conventions sucht SOLAS and MARPOL given legal effect n IMO memberstates? Domestic (fe national} legislation is usually made Ina member state to give \egal effect to the convention's provisions in that state and om its ships, wherever they are. For example, Section 224 ofthe UK's Merchant Shipping ‘Act 1995 gives the force of law n the UK to the provisions ofthe International Salvage Convention 1989. The Merchant Shipping (Corriage of Cargoes) Regulations 1999 (Si 1999/336) give effect in the UK to the requirements of SOLAS Chapter VI, and the Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Oil Pollution) Regulations 1996 (Si 1996/2154) give effect in the UK to the requirements of MARPOL Annex | ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER “id, By what procedures can amendments to IMO conventions enter into force? ‘By: (a) explicit acce;tance of the proposed amendments by a specified number of party states, or bya specified number of party states with 2 specified percentage of world grass tonnage; or (2) tact acceptance, epending on which method is specified in the convention's articles ‘Ais. What is the tacit acceptance procedure? “The modern procedure fr Bringing into force emendments to an IMO convention, whereby the amendments wil enter into force on a specified date unless, by that date, IMO has received objections to the amendments from a specified number of parties. ‘Ai6. Under some MO conventions, such os ‘SOLAS, MARPOL and Load Line, certain ships tre excepted while others may be exempted. What is the difference between an exception ‘and an exemption? Certain types oF classes of ships, such as warships, roopships and ishing ‘vessels, may be excepted from the requirements ofa convention; in other ‘words, the convention will not apply to those ships. Under certain conditions, ‘which willbe specified in the convention, ships to which it does apply may be ‘exempted from all or part of its requirements. In such a case, the fag state administration will usualy isue an exemption certificate. Ai7. How does IMO try to avoid the ‘possibility of misunderstondings ofthe text of certain convention regulations? ‘Al8. Does IMO enforce ts own conventions? ‘419. Who is responsible for enforcing IMO conventions? By the use of unified interpretations, for example Unified interpretations to [MARPOL Annex Vi, published in MEPC.1/Cir.614, and Unified interpretation OF SOLAS Regulation i-1/48.3, published in MSC.1/Cire.2424. No. IMO has no enforcement powers and no enforcement personnel. Fiag state administrations (ie governments of IMO member states) are primarily responsible for enforcing IMO conventions on their own ships, wherever they are, Por state control can act as @ back-up to fag state control wien a ship is t a port or terminal in a country other than the fag state Other IMO instruments “A20. In relation to conventions, what is@ protocol? ‘An instrument that makes major amendments to a convention. For example, the MARPOL Convention of 1973 was modified by a 3978 protocol (hence the ‘name MARPOL 73/78). The SOLAS and Load Line conventions were amended for introduction ofthe Harmonized System of Survey and Certification by means of 1988 protocols. ‘AB. What sa resolution? | bracketed number being the session number of the body. Resolutions of the The final document containing an agreement on some matter By the IMO [Assembly ora main IMO committee. Assembly resolutions have reference rnumivers prefixed by the leter ‘A, such as Resolution A.741(18), the ‘Maritime Safety Committee and Marine Environment Protection Committee have reference numbers such as MSC.104(73) and MEPC.201(62) Aza. What ore recommendations? Non-mandatory* IMO instruments providing more specifc guidelines than conventions of protocols. They must be agreed at IMO by adoption of = resolution but are not subject to ratification. They offer guidance in framing national regulations and requirements. Some IMO recommendations are codes, guidelines or recommended practices on important matters not considered suitable for regulation by formal treaty instruments such as ‘conventions or protocols A fiag state may decide to make compliance witha particular recommendation mandatory for shi flying its flag “A23. IMO conventions and protocols ore binding on party stotes that have ratified them. What does “ratified” mean? “The formal expression by a party state ofits consent to be bound by the convention of protocol Ratification generally involves the state having to ‘make national laws giving effect to the international requirements and then depositing with IMO 2 formal document of acceptance. ‘A2A,Inrelation to IMO instroments, what are the dlfferences between ratification and | accession? Ratification is required by @ specified number of IMO member states to bring an IMO instrument (such a5 @ convention) into force. A member state wishing to.pprove, accept and implement the instrument after entry into force can only accede to it. This is dane by depositing a document of accession with the IMO Secretary General. TIS. party sate an MO instrument fe SOLAS) comply exact whi te_| instrument? ue No, Any party state may make a declaration, reservation or statement to the effect that it will nt be bound by some part or other of it. Declarations, reservations and statements are attached to theofficial text ofthe instrument ‘when its published, eg in the MARPOL book. “226. Why re some IMO requirements in the {form of codes, rather than conventions? ‘Codes generally contain technieal requirements that are too lengthy or complex to be incorporated in a convention. A code is also relatively easy to amend. ‘ABT, Are alliO codes mandatory? ‘Some IMO codes, such asthe ISM Code, ISPS Code, IMDG Code, and the IBC Cade and IGC Codes, are made mandatory for states by a regulation of a ‘arent’ convention. Others, such as the Code of Practice for the Safe Loading ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER a feet ojry fe F 2 Ot mp Im i ammo 4 4 a ‘and Unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU Code), Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code) and Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes (TDC Code], are recommended by IMO to national {Bovernments for adoption and for forming the basis of national legislation. One of these recommendatory codes, the Code of Safe Practice for Sold Bulk Cargoes (8C Code) was superseded by the mandstory international Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code on 1 January 2013, Gas carrier and chemical tanker codes ‘See also CERTIFICATES OF FITNESS FOR GAS CARRIERS AND CHEMICAL TANKERS in Section D 228. Which IMO codes apply to gos carriers? (1) The Code for Existing Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases In Bulk (the GC Code for Existing Ships) applies to gas carriers already in service at 31 December 1975. (2) The Code forthe Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liguefied Gases in Bulk (the GC Code) applies to gas carriers built after 31 December 1976 but before 1 July 1986. (3) The International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Buk the IGC Code) applies to gas carriers built on or after 3 July 1986, 229. Which IMO codes apply to chemical tankers? (2) The Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous ‘chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) applies to chemical tankers built before 1 July 4986. (2) The international Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code} applies to chemical tankers, built on or after 1 July 1986, Formal safety assessment ‘430. IMO is considering applying formal sofety assessment when making rules. What is formal safety assessment? ‘ATational and systematic process for assessing the risks associated with any sphere of activity, and for evaluating the costs and benefits of different Options for reducing those risks. I therefore enables an objective assessment tobe made ofthe need for, and the content o, safety regulations. ‘A3i.__ What is involved Ia Formal safety assessment? Five steps: (2) identification of hazards (a lst of all relevant accident scenarios with potential causes and outcomes); (2) assessment of rsks (evaluation of Fisk factors such as traning, management, the human element, design, communication, maintenance); (3) rsk control options (deriving regulatory ‘measures to control and reduce the identified risks}; (4) cost-benefit assessment (determining cost-effectiveness of each risk control option); and (5) recommendations for decision-making (information about the hazards, their associated risks and the cost-effectiveness of alternative risk control options is provided) (source: MSC/Cire1023-MEPC/Cir.392) [SOLAS CONVENTION ‘Application of SOLAS to ships ‘432. To which ships does the SOLAS Convention apply? Broadly ships fying flags of party states, when on international voyages. Each chapter (Ito il) defines the ships to whieh that chapter applies. Application ‘may depend on type of ship (eg Chapter X High Speed Craft); or date of build {ce Chapter i-1 Construction ~ subdivision and stability, machinery and ‘lectrical installations; area of operation (eg Chapter V Safety of navigation), tonnage (ex Chapter IV Radiocommunications) or cargoes (eg Chater VI Carriage of cargoes and ol fuels). Each chapter may also exempt certain ships {rom the chapter's requirements. ‘33. Which ships are generally excepted {from the SOLAS Convention's provisions? Unless specficaly provided otherwise in SOLAS chapters or regulations: I) ships of war and troopshis; (2) cargo ships of less than SOQgt; (3) ships not Propelled by mechanical means; (4) wooden ships of primitive build (5) pleasure yachts not engaged in trade; and (6) fishing vessels. ‘SOLAS chapters ‘434. What subjects do the chapters of SOLAS deol with? ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER ‘Chapter General provisions; Chapter Id: Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations; Chapter II-2: Construction - fire protection, fire detection and fie extinction; Chapter Il: Lifesaving appliances and arrangements; Chapter IV: Ragiocommunications; Chapter V: Safety of navigation; Chapter VI: Carriage of cargoes and ol fuels; Chapter Vil Carriage of dangerous goods; Chapter Vil: Nuclear ships; Chapter IX: Management for the sae operation of ships; Chapter X: Safety measures for high-speed craft; Chapter Xi Special measures to enhance maritime safety; Chapter XF-2: Special measures to enhance maritime security; Chapter Xl ‘Additional safety measures for bulk carriers; Chapter Xil: Verification of| compliance; Chapter XIV: Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters a, to sotas? When were Chapters Xl and XIV added ‘Chapter XII: Verification of compliance was adopted in May 2034 by Resolution MSC.366(33) with an entry-into-orce date of 1 January 2016, Chapter XIV: Safety measures for ships operating in Polar waters was adopted in Novernber 2014 by Resolution MSC.386(94) with an expected! entry-into: {force date of 1 January 2017. SOLAS-related codes 36. been adopted under SOLAS chopters? What are the principal codes thot have | (international Code for Fire Safety Systems [FSS Code) and International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) {under Chapter 2}; {2) Internationa Life Saving Appliance Code (LSA Code) (under Chapter Il}; (3) | Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code) (under Chapter Vi); (4) Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes (TDC Code) {under Chapter Vi); (5) International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSEC Code) (under Chapter Vi); (6) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) (under Chapter Vil); (7) Code of Safety for Nuclear “Merchant Ships (under Chapter Vi); (8) International Safety Management Coxe (IM Code) (under Chapter IX); (9) High-Speed Craft Code HSC Code) (under Chapter X); (10) International Code on the Enhanced Programme of Inspections During Surveys of Bulk Carriers and Oll Tankers (ESP Code) (under ‘SOLAS Chapter XI-1); (12) international Ship and Port Facility Security Code USPS Code) (under Chapter X12}; (22) Instruments implementation Code (i Code) (under Chapter Xl); (13) Pola Code (under Chapter XIV). Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) **See also ‘STCW 2010 radio operator certification requirements in Section € See also ‘Training and certification of UK radio operators’ In Section & 37. What is the GMOSS? The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMOSS) isa worldwide network of automated emergency communications for ships at sea 738. Whats the basle concept of the Search-and-rescue authorities ashore and also shipping inthe immediate cuoss? Vicinity ofa ship in distress are rapidly alerted through satelite and digital selective calling equipment so that they can assist in a co-ordinated SAR. ‘operation with the minimum of delay. 39. What are the maln systems in the (2) COSPAS-SARSAT, an international satellite-based search-and-rescue) moss? system that uses Polar-orbiting satelite to transmit to rescue co-ordination centres a vesse’s identification and accurate location from anywhere inthe | world; (2) Inmarsat (the international Mobile Satellite Organization), which provides distress message facilities on the L band and transmits the SafetyNET | service, a satelite-based worldwide maritime safety information broadcast of high seas weather warnings; (3) Digal Selective Caling (OSC) on VHF, MF and HF radio channels, which speeds distress and general radiotelephone calls to ‘and from shore and other ships; and (@) NAVTEX, an international automated system for distributing to ships maritime navigational warnings, weather information and warnings and search-and-rescue information, domestic (ie nn-international) voyages? ‘A4O.__ What ore the GMDSS sea areos? ‘Sea Areas AL, A2, A3 and Aé, ‘dl. What Is GMOSS Sea Areo AI? 'An area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous OSC alerting is available, as may be defined by a contracting government. 742. Whats GMDSS Sea Area AZ? ‘An ares, excluding Sea Area Al, within the radiotelephone coverage of at east ‘one MF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may be defined by a contracting government ‘AiB._ Whats GIDSS Sea Area AB? ’An area, excluding Sea Areas Ai and A2, within the coverage of an INMARSAT {geostationary satelite in which continuous alerting is available, ‘Ada. Whats GMDSS.Sea Area Ad? ‘An area outside Sea Areas Al, AZ and A3, ‘45. To which ships does the GMOSS opply? | All ships covered by SOLAS Chapter I, le al argo ships of 300gt and above and all passenger ships (of any tonnage) when on international voyages. ‘Aa6. Does GMDSS apply to ships on *°> | No, since SOLAS Chapter IV does not apply to ships on ron-international | voyages. However, an individual party state may pass legislation to extend application of the GMDSS requirements to non-SOLAS ships ‘a7. Has the UK extended application of GMS to ships on domestic voyages? Yes, by the Merchant Shipping (Radio installations) Regulations 1998 (i 1998/2070). Ths ensures that most non-SOLAS ships on UK coastal voyages are covered by the GMOSS, ‘THE SHIPMASTER’S BUSINESS SELF-EXAMINER Pome “ m™ My qm HRonmR hm i ASR m= AR bm kk bm kas ie Ab’ ok a 3 MARPOL CONVENTION ‘Application of MARPOL to ships ‘A48. To which ships does the MARPOL Convention apply? Broadly, ships fying flags of states that are parties to MARPOL, and ships not entitled to fly the flag of a party state but operating under the authority of @ party state. Each annex defines which ships the annex specifically applies to, eg Annex I applies to all ships carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk ‘49. Which ships are generally excepted {from the MARPOL Convention's provisions? 12) Werships; (2) naval auilaries; and (3) other ships owned or operated bya state being used on government non-commercial service. These ships are ‘equired to comply with MARPOL so far as possible, however. MARPOL annexes ‘450. What types of palition are covered by MARPOU's onnexes? {Oi annex; (2) Noxious guid substances in Bulk (Arne) (3) Harmful Substances in packaged frm (Annex); () Sewage from ships (Annex iV}; (8) ‘Garbage from ships (Annex Vand (6) Ar pollution from ships (Annex Vi. ‘ASI. To which ships does MARPOL Annex pply? Unless expressly provided otherwise in the Annex regulations, they apply to allships. However, the survey and certification regulations of MARPOL Annex | apply oniy to tankers of 150gt and above and all ships of 400gt and above. **See also DISCHARGES OF OIL in Section H ‘AS2._To which shins does MARPOL Annex nply? Unless expressly provided otherwise in the Annex regulations, they apply fo all ships certified to carry noxious liquid substances in bulk. These typically Include chemical tankers, some product tankers, offshore supply vessels (ovhich cary drilling fluids) and some other cargo ships, such as those with deep tanks. **5ee also DISCHARGES OF NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES in Section H. ‘ASB. To which ships does MARPOL Annex I apply? Generally, to all shins carrying harmful substances in packaged form, ie substances identified in the IMDG Code as marine pollutants being caried in ‘the forms of containment covered by the IMDG Code. Most container ships, Fo-o ferries and general cargo shins carry such goods. **5ee also CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND MARINE POLLUTANTS in Section F. ‘AS4.__To which ships does MARPOL Annex TV opply? New and existing ships engaged In international voyages of 400gt and above or that are certified to carry mare than 15 persons. 1*52e also DISCHARGES OF SEWAGE in Section H 55. Arevised MARPOI Annex V was ‘adopted in July 2011. When ad it enter into {force and to which ships and platforms does it ‘apply? The revised Annex V entered into force on 1 January 2013, Unless expressly Provided otherwise in the regulations ofthe Annex, It applies to all ships, Regulation 5 contains special requirements for dlscharges of garbage from {xed and floating platforms. **See also DISCHARGES OF GARBAGE in Section H. 756. A revised MARPOI Annex Vi was ‘dopted in 2008 and entered into force in July 2010. To which ships and platforms does it pply? TRapplies to all ships, except where expressly provided otherwise in regulations 3,5, 6,13, 15, 16 and 18. The survey, certification and means of

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