QUICK ENGLISH LESSON

I. PART I –
1. Component of Sentences

Ans.:

 SUBJECT + VERB + OBJ

 Subject
o What is about?
o Who performing action?
o A noun or pronoun can be used as the subject in a sentence.
o A subject is the person, place, or thing that performs the action
 Verb –
o The words which shows action or state of being(is exist or not)
 Object
o An object is a noun (or pronoun) that is governed by a verb or a preposition.
o Types of Object
 Direct Object (e.g., I know him.)
 Indirect Object (e.g., Give her the prize.)
 Object of a Preposition (e.g., Sit with them.)
 Difference between Object and Subject
o The subject is the person or thing doing something.
o The object is having something done to it.
o Subject performs action(Verb) on Object
 E.g. –
o The student sat down in front of a computer.
o The student is reading some information.
o The student is going to take a test.
o Will the student pass the test?

o In above example or upcoming example

 Black and bold text – noun
 Red –Verb
 Light Blue Bold Text - Object
 Student can be an Object
o In these sentences, the word "student" is being used as the object of the sentence.
Student is a receiving end.
o Example –
 The tutor helped the student.
 The teacher asked the student a question.
 The secretary called the student.

2. Types of Verbs?

Ans.:

 There are two of verb –

o One of the type Shows action - Verb
QUICK ENGLISH LESSON

o Second one shows existence – Auxiliary Verb

 Type of Verb – Basic Categorization of verb

Auxiliary Verb or
Helping Verb
Auxiliary Verb  Do (can be used as helping and
action verb)
 Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Have,
Has, Had, Been
Modal Verb  Can, Could, May, Should, Would

Verb or Action
Verb

Transitive Verb with object is transitive E.g.

verb.
Dependency on Object
Intransitive Verb without object is
intransitive verb.
No Dependency on Object.
 Radha loves Ramesh
E.g. - (There is no object)
 Thief ran away.
 She sang
 A Light was shining

 A very interesting fact about the use of above Verb

o Intransitive sentence cannot be converted to Passive voice. Because, sentence has
no object then we cannot transform it in to Passive Voice.
o A sentence could have more than one verb, one of them can be an helping verb and
another verb could be main verb.
H.V + M.V

 Type of Verb – Advance Categorization of Verb

Finite Verb A verb that apply rules of tense, Example

so there are aka called as Tense  He spoke to me.
Verb or Main Verb.  They robbed the bank.
All verb are finite verb. Bcaz,  We are laughing
every verb uses a rule of tense.
So Non infinite verb is derived
from finite verb.
A sentence with single verb are
mainly considered as Finite verb.

Non Infinite Verb

First Form or  Verb Or Noun Example –

Infinitive verb  Inifinitive are required  To learn
where there more than  To go
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one verb in a sentence  To walk

 I want to study –  I want to study
In above sentence has 2  She want to go
verb want and study.  To err is human
Between two verbs ‘TO’
is added. Such verb form
are called infinitive.
 TO + Verb is infinitive
verb
 There is no time
bounding. This sentence
do not speak about when
to study, how much
study…etc.
 In above sentence want is
MV and Study is also a
Main verb. Connect two
main verb with TO.
Second Form
Third Form –  Verb or Adjective Example –
(Past Participle)  Broken, painted and  Broken Window
Destroyed in the example  Painted Door
speak about past  Destroyed Bridge
 Verb that describe the
Past is third form
First Form + ‘ING’  Verb or Adjective Example
(Present  Rising, Laughing,  The Rising Sun
Participle) Deserving speak about  The laughing child
present  Deserving student
 Verb that describe the
Past is First Form + ING
GERUND  Same as Present Example –
Participle  Running is fun.
 But ING is used over
Noun
 A gerund is the –ing form
of a verb that functions
the same as a noun.
 In this sentence,
“running” is the gerund.
It acts just like a noun.
 In gerund verb acts as
noun

 Difference between GERUND AND Present Participle

o If a word has ING and the word is adjective then it is a Present participle
o If a word has ING and the word is not an adjective then it is a Gerund
o Example 1 –
Kamal was really bad at Gardening.
Was – helping verb
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Gardening – is a verb, but not an adjective so it is a Gerund.

o Example 2 –
Studying is one of the Ton’s favourite things to do.
Studying – Gerund (Main verb)
Is – Auxiliary verb
To do – First Form Verb or inifinitive
o Example 3 –
Binod just wanted to go abroad
wanted to go – First form or inifinitive
o Example 4 –
I have just seen a drunk man
Have - verb
Seen – Verb – Past Particle or Third Form
Drunk - Verb – Past Particle or Third Form
o Example 5 –
It looks like you want to win.
Looks – main verb
Want to win- infinitive
 Non Finite Verb
o Infinitive – TO + MV
o GERUND – MV (noun or verb) + MVing
o PARTICLE– MV1 (noun or adjective) + MV2ing
 TIPS
o Tip number one: you almost always find a gerund after a preposition. For example,
“She is afraid of flying.” In this sentence “of” is the preposition and “flying” is the
gerund. An infinitive cannot be the object of a preposition, only a gerund can. You
could say, “She is afraid to fly,” but in this sentence, the preposition “of” is gone.
o Tip number two: When you are talking about an activity, you usually use a gerund.
For example, “I stopped smoking.” You can describe many activities by using “go”
before a gerund. “Let’s go shopping,” or “We went skiing.”
 Dictionary Meaning
o gerund - n. an English noun formed from a verb by adding -ing
o infinitive - n. the basic form of a verb; usually used with to except with modal verbs
like should and could and certain other verbs like see and hear
o preposition - n. a word or group of words that is used with a noun, pronoun, or
noun phrase to show direction, location, or time, or to introduce an object
 Only a gerund can follow these verbs:
o admit, advise, avoid, be used to, can’t help, can’t stand, consider, deny, discuss,
dislike, end up, enjoy, feel like, finish, forget, get used to, give up, go on, have
difficulty, have problems, have trouble, imagine, it’s no use, it’s worthwhile, keep,
look forward to, mention, mind, miss, recommend, remember, quit, spend time,
stop, suggest, understand, waste time, work at
 Either a gerund or an infinitive can follow these verbs, and there is no change in meaning
o begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, start
 Either a gerund or an infinitive can follow these verbs, but the meaning may change:
o forget, remember, stop
 An infinitive follows these verbs:
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oafford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, care, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, hope,
learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember,
seem, stop, volunteer, wait, want, wish
 A noun or pronoun and an infinitive follow these verbs
o advise, allow, ask, cause, challenge, command, convince, expect, forbid, force, hire,
instruct, invite, order, pay, permit, program, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn

3. How to user Verb To BE with is, am, are

Ans.:

 Subject as First, Second or Third

o First Person – I, WE
o Second Person - You
o Third Person – He, She, It, They
 Tense

TENSE Verb
Present Is, Am, Are
Past Was, Were
Future Will be, Shall be

 Subject and Verb with respect to its Tense

Subject Past – (was, were) Present – (am, are is) Future – (Shall be, Will be)
I Was Am Shall be/ Will be
We Were Are Shall be/ Will be
You Were Are Will be
He Was Is Will be
She Was Is Will be
It Was Is Will be
They Were Are Will be