 Goals and objectives as indicated in MCI documents:

The broad goal of the teaching of student in Ophthalmology is to provide such

knowledge and skills to the student that shall enable him/her to practice as a clinician
and as a primary eye care physician and also to function effectively as a community
health leader to assist in the implementation of National Programme for the
prevention of blindness and rehabilitation of the visually impaired.

 Objectives and outcomes of learning process:

(a) Knowledge: At the end of the course, the student shall have knowledge of:
1. Common problems affecting the eye;
2. Principles and management of major ophthalmic emergencies;
3. Important systemic diseases affecting the eye;
4. Effects of local and systemic diseases on patient’s vision and the necessary action
required to minimize the sequelae of such diseases;
5. Adverse drug reactions with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations;
6. Magnitude of blindness in India and its main causes;
7. National programme for control of blindness and its implementation at various
levels;
8. Eye care education for prevention of eye problems;
9. Role of primary health centre in organization of eye camps;
10. Organisation of primary health care and the functioning of the ophthalmic
assistant.
11. Integration of the national programme for control of blindness with the other
national health programme;
12. Eye Bank organisation.

(b) Skills: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:
1. Elicit a history pertinent to general health and ocular status;
2. Assist in diagnostic procedures such as visual acuity testing, examination of eye,
tonometry, staining for Corneal pathology, confrontation perimetry,
subjective refraction including correction of presbyopia and aphakia, direct
ophthalmoscopy, conjunctival smear examination and cover test;
3. Diagnose and treat common problems affecting the eye;
4. Interpret ophthalmic signs in relation to common systemic disorders;
5. Assist/Observe therapeutic procedures such as subconjunctival injection, corneal
conjunctival foreign body removal, nasolacrimal duct syringing and tarsorrhaphy;
6. Provide first aid in major ophthalmic emergencies;
7. Assist to organise community surveys for visual checkup;
8. Assist to organise primary eye care service through primary health centres;
9. Use effective means of communication with the public and individual to motivate
for surgery in cataract and for eye donation;
10. Establish rapport with his seniors, colleagues and paramedical workers, so as to
effectively function as a member of the eye care team;

(c) Integration:
The undergraduate training in Ophthalmology will provide an integrated approach
towards other disciplines especially Neuro sciences, otorhino-laryngology,
General surgery and medicine.
 Details of theory lectures- system wise –numbered

THEORY CLASSES – 89 HOURS (VI Sem 58 Hours + VII Sem 31 Hours)

INTRODUCTION – 1 hour

OPTICS – 6 Hours
1. Elementary Physiological Optics
Optical system of normal eye
Reduced eye
General optics
Clinical importance of refraction
2. Retinoscopy
Hypermetropia
Myopia
3. Astigmatism, Aphakia
4. Presbyopia Accommodation
5. Binocular optical defects
Anisometropia
Aniseikonia
6. Spectacles & Contact Lenses

MUSCLE BALANCE - 3 Hours

1. Anatomy & Physiology of the motor mechanism, Clinical evaluation, examination
2. Heterophoria, Esotropia, Exotropia
3. Paralytic Strabismus, Synkinesis, Nystagmus

LIDS & ADNEXA - 5 Hours

1. Applied anatomy of Eyelids
Inflammation of the lids
Inflammation of the glands of the lid
Trichiasis
2. Entropion
Ectropion
Ptosis
3. Dry Eye
4. Epiphora - Causes, Evaluation
5. Dacryocystitis- Acute, Chronic, Congenital

ORBIT - 5 Hours
1. Applied Anatomy, clinical evaluation, investigations, proptosis DD
2. Orbital inflammations: Orbital cellulitis, Mucormycosis, Periostitis
3. Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Applied Anatomy, Clinical features, Treatment
4. Orbital pseudotumors, Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
5. Vascular abnormalities, Tumors, Trauma

CONJUNCTIVA - 6 Hours
1. Introduction
Applied Anatomy
Evaluation of conjunctival inflammation
Infective conjunctivitis –
 Acute catarrhal conjunctivitis
Purulent conjunctivitis
2. Ophthalmia neonatorum
Membranous conjunctivitis
3. Angular conjunctivitis & viral conjunctivitis
4. Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Parinaud’s oculo glandular syndrome
5. Allergic disorders
Acute allergic conjunctivitis
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
Vernal Kerato conjunctivitis
Stevens - Johnson syndrome
6. Degenerations, cysts & tumours
Pinguecula
Pterygium
Concretions
Dermoid
Dermolipoma
Epithelioma

CORNEA - 8 Hours
1. Applied anatomy, Keratitis, Introduction, Classification
2. Hypopyon corneal ulcer
3. Fungal keratitis and Acanthamoeba Keratitis
4. Viral Keratitis
Herpes Simplex
Herpes Zoster
5. Interstitial keratitis
Syphilis
Tuberculosis, Leprosy
6. Exposure Keratopathy & neurotrophic keratopathy
7. Peripheral ulceration and thinning
Dellen
Marginal Keratitis
Rosacea keratitis
Phlyctenular keratitis
Mooren’s ulcer
Systemic collagen vascular disorders
8. Degenerations & Dystrophies
Arcus senilis
Arcus Juvenilis
Band Keratopathy
Dystrophies
Keratoconus

SCLERA - 1 Hour
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Staphylomas
UVEA - 8 Hours
1. Introduction : 2 Hours
Definitions
Classifications
Clinical features
Differential diagnosis
2. Non-infectious systemic diseases
Sarcoidosis
Behcet’s disease
Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome
Chronic Systemic infections –
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
3. Parasitic infestations
Toxoplasmosis
Toxocariasis
Viral infections & fungal infections
Herpes Zoster
Herpes Simplex
Acquired cytomegalovirus
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
Candidiasis
4. Arthritis & Uveitis syndromes
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter’s syndrome
Juvenile chronic arthritis
Idiopathic specific uveitis syndrome –
Fuchs uveitis syndrome
Intermediate uveitis
Glaucomatocyclitic crisis
5. Sympathetic uveitis
Acute retinal necrosis
6. Degenerative changes in the uveal tract
Essential iris atrophy
Iridoschisis
Myopic chorioretinal degenerations
Senile macular degeneration
Choroidal detachment
Albinism
7. Endophthalmitis
Etiology, Clinical Features
Complications & Management

LENS - 10 Hours
1. Applied anatomy, physiology of lens
Classification of cataract
2. Senile cataract - Stages, Types, clinical features
3. Investigations for senile cataract
4. Management of senile cataract
5. Aphakia and its corrections
6. After cataract - causes, Types, management
7. Subluxated & dislocated lens
8. Complicated cataract, Cataract & Systemic diseases
9. Trauma & Lens
10. Development Cataract - Etiology, Clinical features & Management

VITREOUS - 2 Hours
1. Applied anatomy, physiology, age related changes in vitreous, vitreous detachment
2. Opacities in the vitreous a) Developmental b) Degenerative
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Vitreoretinal degenerations
Vitreous haemorrhage
Vitrectomy

GLAUCOMA - 8 Hours
1. Introduction - 2 Hrs.
Aqueous humour dynamics
Classification
Pathogenesis of damage
Methods of examination
Slit lamp biomicroscopy
Tonometry
Gonioscopy
Perimetry
2. Primary open angle glaucoma - 2 Hrs.
Clinical features
Corticosteroid responsiveness
Ocular associations
Systemic associations
Differential diagnosis
Antiglaucoma drugs
Management
3. Primary angle closure glaucoma
4. Secondary glaucomas
Inflammatory glaucoma
Neovascular glaucoma
Pigment dispersion syndrome
Lens induced glaucoma
Post traumatic glaucoma
Ghost cell glaucoma
Intraocular tumours and glaucoma
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
Glaucoma due to raised episcleral venous pressure
5. Congenital glaucomas
Primary
Mesodermal dysgenesis
Aniridia
Phacomatoses
6. Medical & surgical management of glaucomas
RETINA - 9 Hours
1. Introduction - Applied anatomy & Physiology, Methods of Clinical evaluation
2. Vascular disorders of the retina - 4 Hrs.
Diabetic retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy
Retinal vein occlusion
Retinal artery occlusion
Retinopathy of prematurity
Eales disease
Coat’s disease
Retinal changes in disease of the blood (anaemia, Leukaemia, Sickle Cell Disease)
3. Degenerations of Retina
Retinitis pigmentosa
4. Hereditary disorders of the retina & Choroid
Leber’s congenital amaurosis
Vitelliform dystrophies
Bulls eye maculopathy
Cherry red spot at macula syndrome
5. New formations in the retina
Angiomatosis retina
Tumours of retina - Retinoblastoma - Clinical features, Management
6. Retinal Detachment
Classification
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Management

OPTIC NERVE & NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY- 5 Hours

1. Applied anatomy & Physiology, Congenital Anomalies
2. Papilloedema
Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
3. Inflammations of the optic nerve
Papillitis
Acute retrobulbar neuritis
Leber’s optic neuropathy
Toxic amblyopia
4. Abnormalities of the pupil
5. Symptomatic disturbances of vision
Visual field defects
Amblyopia
Amaurosis
Night blindness
Colour blindness
Malingering

TRAUMA - 4 Hours
1. Burns & Chemical injuries
2. Blunt trauma
3. Perforating injuries
Endophthalmitis & Panophthalmitis
Sympathetic ophthalmia
 4. Intraocular foreign bodies
Siderosis bulbi
Chalcosis Bulbi

OPERATIONS - 6 Hours
1. Operations for Cataract
2. Operations for Glaucoma
3. Surgeries of lacrimal sac
Surgeries of extraocular muscles
4. Enucleation and Evisceration of the eye ball
Exenteration of the orbit
5. Keratoplasty & eye banking
Operations to correct refractive errors
6. Lid surgeries
Tarsorrhaphy
Entropion correction
Ectropion correction
Ptosis surgery

COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY - 2 Hours

1. Types of loss of vision, causes & prevention of blindness
2. National programme for control of blindness

 List of clinical cases:

Cataract, aphakia, pseudophakia, Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (ACIOL)
Pterygium
Acute/chronic dacryocystitis
Lid abnormalities – Entropion, Ectropion, Ptosis, Chalazion, Lagophthalmos,
Hordeolum Internum, Hordeolum externum
Anophthalmos
Iridocyclitis
Absolute Glaucoma
Corneal ulcer/corneal opacity/ corneal graft/ band keratopathy
Squint
Nodule at the limbus
Phthisis bulbi/ atrophic bulbi
Peripheral iridectomy/ iridotomy
Post-trabeculectomy
Anterior staphyloma
Relative afferent pupillary defect

 List of Instruments:

Universal eye Speculum

Wire Speculum
Muller’s Retractor
Castroviejo’s Needle Holder
Kalt Needle Holder
Muscle Hook
Optic nerve guide
 Lacrimal Probe
Caliper
Artery forceps
Chalazion clamp
Chalazion scoop
Bard-Parker Handle
Enucleation Scissors
Evisceration spatula
Westcott Conjunctival Scissors
Vannas Scissors
De Wecker Iris Scissors
Corneoscleral Extension Scissors
Superior Rectus Forceps
Suture tying Forcep - straight
Suture tying Forcep - curved
Pierse Colibri (Hoskin)
Iris Forceps
Iris Repositor
Cystitome
Desmarres Lid Retractor
Periosteal Elevator
Toothed forceps
Ziegler knife

 General guidelines for Sessional Examination:

Theory: (Marks obtained are considered for internal assessment for theory)

End of VI semester - Theory sessional examination -Topics covered in VI semester 50 marks

(40 marks + 10 MCQs of 10 marks).

End of VII semester - Theory sessional examination – Full portion - 50marks

(40 marks + 10 MCQs of 10 marks)

Clinicals: (Marks obtained are considered for internal assessment for Clinical)

End of VI semester clinical posting – OSCE 20 questions (50 marks)

End of VII semester clinical posting – One clinical case 40 marks + Log Book 10marks
(5marks each for VI & VII semester)

Details of University examination including the scheme:

Theory:
MCQs
10 MCQs 10marks.
ESSAY
1. Main Question (one) : 1 x 8 (8 marks)
2. Short Essays (eight) : 8 x 4 (32 marks)
 Practicals

Clinical examination – 2 cases (15 + 15 marks) - Morning session

Viva Voce + Instruments (5 + 5 marks) - Afternoon session

Final Marks distribution (University):

Theory Practical
Written Viva Int. Total University Internal Total
voce Assess. Examination Assessment
Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max.
Marks :50 Marks:10 Marks:10 Marks:70 Marks:30 Marks:10 Marks: 40
Min. Min. Min. Min.
Marks :16 Marks :30 Marks: 12 Marks: 20

 Main Book

Parsons’ Diseases of the Eye – Ramanjit Sihota, Radhika Tandon

22nd Edition, 2015
Publisher – Elsevier India

 Reference Books:

1. Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach – Kanski Jack J.

7th Edition, 2011
Publisher – Butterworth Heinemann

2. Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy – Pavan Langston Deborah

6th Edition, 2008
Publisher – Wolters Kluwer Health (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

3. Comprehensive Ophthalmology – Khurana A. K.

5th Edition, 2012
Publisher – New Age International (P) Limited Publishers

4. Text Book of Ophthalmology – Neema H. V., Nema Nitin

6th Edition, 2012
Publisher – Jaypee Brothers

5. Essentials of Ophthalmology – Basak Samar K.

4th Edition, 2007
Publisher – Current Books International, Kolkata