Sgpm ch hahrngngms 0 „  @oàjgsgs ch bràfgn`s.

Jgthr`j h

0. Chthrlgoh j` jmobgtuc ch j` nurv`  < 3

j` rhsphntgv` br`fgn` lhcg`oth BhmBhkr`.
  >/; ho hj gothrv`jm T9 ,;\ y hj`kmrh

 < ∤  0 +   

^mjungþo  
^mjungþo

 < ∤  0+60 +6∑ ;   


< ∤  0+>6
0+>6   

E`nhlms n`lkgm ch v`rg`kjh  < 0+>6 >6 <   

< >>606 ∤∑  

 

< 830 T∑ \

 

[hbrhs`lms hj n`lkgm

< 830 0+>6−

0+>6−;  0 +>6− ;  0 + 9(∑ 0 + 9)
 0+>6−  

2>2>∑ ∑ 2>0
2 >0
 

J` jmobgtuc ch j` nurv` hs  
≅00,8>02< 83
 

Sgpm ch hahrngngms ; „ ^þjgcms ch rhvmjungþo.

;. ^h` [ j` rhbgþo jglgt`c` pmr1 <3     9≣≣3

, hj hah , cmoch  
- E`jj`r hj vmjulho chj smjgcm bhohr`cm nu`ocm j` rhbgþo  sh e`nh bgr`r
`jrhchcmr ch j` rhnt`<9 .
^mjungmo

    
<∤3
     
<∤06
06 35 +   
<  8  > + 2  
06
06 3  3
<   +  +   
8 > 2 8 > 23   3 06
06 9  3 9   9

 < 06>53
098   
 

Sgpm ch hahrngngms > @pjgn`ngmohs ch j`s gothbr`jhs ho j`s nghong`s.

„

^h`
 

  ? 9  < >6
>6 06
. 
- N`jnuj` hj nhotrm ch l`s` chj àrh` k`am j` nurv` ho j` rhbgþo ho quh

^mjungþo

Kusquhlms p`r` quh v`jmrhs   ? 9

 

06 >6?9  

06 ? >6  

 >6
 

 ? 06
 

Ymr jm nu`j j` rhbgþo cmoch   ? 9

 hs

 ? ° >;
 
Hotmonhs jms jìlgths ch j` gothbr`j smo
 < >    < >  

N`jnujhlms  ,,,   
; ;

  < ∤∛(>606;) 
06 
>6 > >∛ 
 

  < 63
>;
 < ∤>; (>606;)  


< ∤∛(>606>)  


< (>6  3 )∛
; 3  

 < ;3>; 

0 >;
 < ; ∤ >(>606;);
;  

0< ; ∤0;76008;; +;863  

∛
 

0< ; 0;76>53 + ;868 ∛  


< 0; 09>658  

Juhbm hj nhotrm ch l`s` vghoh c`cm pmr

< 80538
 <     <  
 
<   <  
 
 
 < ;3>0;50;5,,  < 508
Sgpm ch hahrngngms 3 „ @pjgn`ngmohs ch j`s gothbr`jhs ho bhohr`j.

3. Xo vgvhrm ch pj`ot`s vhrchs suhjh vhochr nghrtm `rkustm chspuçs ch

`ðms ch nrhnglghotm y nugc`cm. J` vhjmngc`c ch nrhnglghotm cur`oth hsms
  5.8
5.8ℏ
 `ðms hs, `prmxgl`c`lhoth,
y hs j` `jtur` ho 
 < ; 8+0 0; 
, cmoch  hs hj tghlpm ho `ðms
. J`s pj`ot`s ch shlgjjhrm lgcho  ch `jtur`
nu`ocm sh pj`ot`o.

- Chthrlgo`r j` `jtur` chspuçs ch  `ðms.


- ½Puç `jtur` tghoho jms `rkustms nu`ocm sh vhocho=