SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES

Institute of Mechanical Engineering
CEA06 - Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

UNIT – 1-FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

S.No Questions Marks
1 Define fluid mechanics
2 Define fluid
3 Give the classification of fluids.
4 Define specific weight or weight density.
5 What is meant by Newton’s Law of Viscosity?
6 State hydrostatic law.
7 Define centre of buoyancy.
8 Define compressible and incompressible flows.
9 Explain laminar and turbulent flow.
10 Differentiate between rotational and irrotational flow.
2
11 State continuity equation of motion.
12 Name the device for velocity measurement.
13 Classify the manometers.
14 List out fluid pressure measuring devices.
15 State Pascal’s law.
16 Define surface tension.
17 Give the classification of fluids.
18 State the assumption used in the derivation of the Bernoulli’s equation.
19 Differentiate absolute and gauge pressure?
20 Explain the variation of viscosity with temperature
21 Determine the capillary rise of mercury in a 2 mm ID glass tube. Assume,  = 0.5 N/m and
β = 130.
22 Calculate the specific weight, mass density and specific gravity of 1 litre of a liquid which
weights 7 N.
23 Define steady flow and unsteady flow.
24 A hydraulic pressure has a ram of 20 cm diameter and a plunger of 3 cm diameter. It is used
for lifting a weight of 30 kN. Find the force required at the plunger. 6
25 A 30 cm diameter pipe conveying water branches into two pipes of diameter 20 cm and 15
cm respectively. If the average velocity in the 30 cm diameter pipe is 2.5 m/s. find the
discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in 15 cm diameter pipe if the average
velocity in 20 cm diameter pipe is 2 m/s.
26 Compare Laminar and Turbulent flow.
27 Define One, Two and Three dimensional flow.
28 Write the Bernoulli’s equation applied between two sections.
29 A flat plate of area 1.5 x 106 mm2 is pulled with a speed of 0.4 m/s relative to another plate
located at a distance of 0.15 mm from it. Find the force and power required to maintain this
speed, if the fluid separating them is having viscosity as 1 Poise.
30 The dynamic viscosity of oil used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve is 6 Poise. The
shaft is of diameter 0.4 m and rotates at 190 rpm; calculate the power lost in the bearing
force for a sleeve length of 90 mm, the thickness of the oil till in 1.5 mm. 10
31 State and derive hydrostatic law.
32 State and derive the continuity equation in three-dimensions.
33 The space between two square flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of the plate is
60 cm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The upper plate, which moves at 2.5 m/s
and requires a force of 98.1 N to maintain the speed. Determine the dynamic viscosity of the
oil.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Institute of Mechanical Engineering
CEA06 - Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
UNIT – II- FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR DUITS

Sl. No Questions Marks

1 Mention the range of Reynold’s number for laminar and turbulent flow in a pipe.
2 What is meant by pipes in series?
3 Explain the major losses in a pipe.
4 Explain minor losses in a pipe.
5 Give the expression for the coefficient of friction in viscous flow
6 What are the factors to be determined when viscous fluid flows through the circular pipe?
7 State Darcy-Weisbach equation (Or) What is the expression for head loss due to friction?
8 Define momentum correction factor
2
9 List the various types of boundary layer thickness.
10 Define energy thickness.
11 What are the factors influencing the frictional loss in pipe flow
12 Write the expression for loss of head due to sudden enlargement of the pipe.
13 Write the expression for loss of head due to sudden contraction.
14 Define Boundary layer
15 Classification of boundary layer.
16 Define Moody diagram
17 What do you understand by the terms a) major energy losses, b) minor energy losses
In a pipe of diameter 350m and 500m length, water is flowing at a velocity of 2.8m/s.
18
Calculate the head lost due to friction. Take kinematic viscosity of water as 0.012 stoke.
19 Explain Turbulent layer thickness
20 Difference between hydraulic Gradient line and Energy Gradient line.
21 Briefly explain the Moody chart
22 Draw the chart to represent various pressures.
6
23 Draw the differential U-tube manometer.
23 Differentiate boundary layer and boundary layer theory
24 Explain Boundary layer thickness and Displacement layer thickness
25 State and derive Euler's equation of motion and deduce to get Bernoulli’s equation.
10
For a town water supply, a main pipe line of diameter 0.4m is required. As pipes more than
0.35m diameter are not readily available, two parallel pipes of same diameter are used for
26 water supply. If the total discharge in the parallel pipes is same as in the single main pipe, 10
find the diameter of parallel pipe. Assume coefficient of discharge to be the same for all the
pipes.
The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.25 m 3/sec. The diameter of the pipe
which is 20 cm is suddenly enlarged to 40 cm. The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is
27 11.772 N/cm2. Determine: Loss of head due to sudden enlargement, Pressure intensity in
larger pipe 10
Oil with a density of 900kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity of 6.2 X 10 -4 m2/s is being
discharged by a 6mm diameter, 40 m long horizontal pipe from a storage tank open to the
28 atmosphere. The height of the liquid level above the center of the pipe is 3m. Neglecting the
minor losses, determine the flow rate of oil through the pipe.
Determine the rate of flow of water, through a pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 50 m,
when one end of the pipe is connected to a tank and other end of the pipe is open to the
29
atmosphere. The pipe is horizontal and the height of water in the tank is 4m above the center
of the pipe. Consider the minor losses and take f = 0.009.
An oil of specific gravity 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at the rate of
30 500 lps. Find the head lost to friction and power required to maintain the flow in the pipe
length of 1000 m. Take kinematic viscosity = 0.29 stoke.
10
Water at 25°C is flowing through a 1.0 km long G.I. pipe of 200 mm diameter at the rate of
31 0.07 m3/s. If value of Darcy friction factor for this pipe is 0.02 and density of water is 1000
kg/m3, Calculate the pumping power (in kW) required to maintain the flow
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Institute of Mechanical Engineering
CEA06 - Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
A horizontally venturi meter with inlet diameter is 20 cm and throat diameter is 10 cm is
used to measure the flow of specific gravity is 0.8. The discharges of oil through venture
32
meter are 60 lps. Find the reading of the oil/ mercury difference in manometer, take co-
efficient of discharge is 0.98.
Two pipes of diameter 40 cm and 20 cm are each 300 m long. When the pipes are connected
in series and discharge through the pipe line is 0.10 m3/sec, find the loss of head incurred.
33
What would be the loss of head in the system to pass the same total discharge when the pipes
are connected in parallel? Take f = 0.0075 for each pipe.

UNIT – III- DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

S.No Questions Marks

1 Define dimensional analysis
2 Write the uses of dimension analysis.
3 List the primary and derived quantities
4 Define dimensional homogeneity.
5 Mention the methods available for dimensional analysis.
6 State Buckingham’s π theorem.
7 List the repeating variables used in Buckingham π theorem.
8 Write the advantages of model analysis.
9 List the types of similarities or similitude used in model analysis.
2
10 Define geometric similarities.
11 Mention the various forces considered in fluid flow
12 State Reynolds’s model law
13 State Froude’s model law
14 State Euler’s model law.
15 State Weber’s model law.
16 State Mach’s model law.
17 Classify the hydraulic models
18 Define Distorted and undistorted model.
19 Define Scale effect.
20 How FMS classified does based on level of flexibility?
21 Define (i) Reynolds Number (ii) Mach Number (iii) Froude number
22 What are the advantages of model and dimensional analysis?
23 Determine the dimensions of the following quantities (i) Discharge, (ii)Force (iii) Velocity
(iv) mass flow rate (v) Volume (vi) Density
24 State merits and demerits of Distorted models. 06
26 Give Advantages of Model and Dimensional Analysis
27 Explain The Different types of Similarities
28 Explain the Dimensional Analysis with Suitable Examples
29 What are the criteria for selecting repeating variable in this dimensional analysis?
30 The resisting force F of a plane during flight can be considered as dependent upon the length 10
of aircraft (l), Velocity (v) air viscosity, air density (ρ) and bulk modulus of air (k). Express
the functional relationship between these variables using dimensional analysis. Explain the
physical significance of the dimensionless groups arrived.
32 The efficiency (η of a fan depends on ρ (density), µ (viscosity) of the fluid, Ѡ (angular 10
velocity), d (diameter of rotor) and Q (discharge). Express η in terms of non-dimensional
parameters. Use Buckingham's π theorem.
31 A geometrically similar model of an air duct is built to 1/25 scale and tested with water which 10
is 50 times more viscous and 800 times denser than air. When tested under dynamically similar
conditions, the pressure netdrop is 200 kN/m2 in the model. Find the corresponding pressure
drop in the full scale prototype and express in cm of water.
32 The power developed by hydraulic machines is found to depend on the head h, flow rate Q, 10
density ρ , speed N, runner diameter D, and acceleration due to gravity g. Obtain suitable
dimensionless parameters to correlate experimental results.
33 The capillary rise h is found to be influenced by the tube diameter D, density ρ, gravitational 10
acceleration g and surface tension σ. Determine the dimensionless parameters for the
correlation of experimental results.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Institute of Mechanical Engineering
CEA06 - Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
34 Classify Models with scale ratios. 10
35 Using Buckingham`s -theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice is given by 10
D 
V= √2𝑔ℎ  [ , ]
H 𝑉𝐻
Where, H = Head causing flow, D = Diameter of the orifice,  = Co-efficient of viscosity,
 = Mass density, and g = Acceleration due to gravity
36 Explain Reynold's law of similitude and Froude's law of similitude. 10

UNIT – IV- HYDRAULIC PUMPS

S.No Questions Marks
1 What is meant by Pump?
2 Mention main components of Centrifugal pump.
3 What is meant by Priming?
4 Define Manometric head
5 State the purpose of centrifugal pump?
6 Define speed ratio, flow ratio.
7 When the negative slip does occur?
8 2
What is slip in reciprocating pump
9 List the losses in centrifugal pump.
10 Mention main components of Centrifugal pump.
11 Explain PDM.
12 List different types of production monitoring system.
13 Write down three phases of shop floor control.
14 What are positive displacement pumps?
15 Distinguish between fixed displacement vane pumps and variable displacement vane pumps.
16 Distinguish between balanced and unbalanced vane pumps. 6
17 Define Specific speed of a centrifugal pump. 6
18 Differentiate static head & manometric head. 6
19 Compare Centrifugal Pump & Reciprocating Pump. 6
Classify the centrifugal pump according (i) casing design (ii) Impellers (iii) specific speed (iv) 6
20
Head (v) Liquid handled (vi) Position of shaft
21 What is single acting pump and double acting pump? 6
22 How will you obtain the maximum speed during suction stroke? 6
23 State the main classification of reciprocating pump. 6
24 Derive an expression for the work saved in a reciprocating pump by using air vessel. 6
25 With a neat sketch, explicate the working principle of centrifugal pump 6
Explain the working principle of single and double acting reciprocating pumps, centrifugal
26 pump with neat diagram in detail. Also explain the effects of inertia pressure and friction on the 10
performance of the pump using indicator diagrams with and without air vessel.

27 Explain the working principle of screw pump, gear pump, lobe pump, and vane pump. 10
A single acting reciprocatory pump has a plunger of diameter 30cm and stroke of 20cm. If the
28 speed of the pumps is 30rpm and it delivers 6.5lit/s of water, find the coefficient of discharge 10
and the percentage slip of the pump.
29 Explain about indicator diagram & characteristic curves of pumps with neat sketch. 10
A centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of 0.4m runs at 1450rpm. The angle at outlet of
the backward curved vane is 25° with tangent. The flow velocity remains constant at 3m/s. If
30 10
the Manometric efficiency is 84%. Determine the fraction of the kinetic energy at outlet
recovered as static head
31 Explain the working principle of double acting reciprocating pump. 10
The centrifugal pump has the following characteristics. Outer diameter of impeller = 800 mm;
width of the impeller vane at outlet = 100 mm. angle of the impeller vanes at outlet = 40º.The
32 impeller runs at 550 rpm and delivers 0.98 m3/s under an effective head of 35 m. A 500 kW 10
motor is used to drive the pump. Find the manometric, mechanical and overall efficiencies of
the pump. Assume water enters the impeller vanes radially at inlet.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Institute of Mechanical Engineering
CEA06 - Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 120 mm and 300 mm
respectively. The water is lifted by a pump through a total head of 25 m. Find out: (i) Theoretical
33 10
discharge and theoretical; power required to run the pump if its speed is 60rpm (ii) Percentage
slip, if the actual discharge is 2.35 lit/s
A double acting reciprocating pump running at 60 rpm is discharging 1.5 m 3 of water per
minute. The pump has a stroke length of 400 mm. The diameter of the piston is 250 mm. The
34 10
delivery and suction heads are 20m and 5m respectively. Find the power required to drive the
pump and the slip of the pump.
A double acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 150 mm and stroke of 250 mm and runs at
35 rpm. The piston rod diameter is 20 mm. The suction head is 6.5 m and the delivery head is
35 10
14.5 m. The discharge of water was 4.7 liters/second. Determine the slip and the power required
to run the pump
In a reciprocating pump delivering water the bore is 14 cm and the stroke is 21 cm. The
suction lift is 4 m and delivery head is 12 m. The suction and delivery pipe are both 10 cm
36 10
diameter, length of pipes are 9 m suction and 24 m delivery. Friction factor is 0.015.
Determine the theoretical power required. Slip is 8 percent. The pump speed is 36 rpm

UNIT – V - HYDRAULIC TURBINES

S.No Questions Marks

1 Define hydraulic machines.
2 Define mechanical efficiency of a turbine.
3 Define specific speed of the turbine.
4 Give an example for a low head turbine, a medium head turbine and a high head turbine.
5 What are reaction turbines? Give examples.
6 Sort out the difference between turbine and pump
7 Explicate the purpose of draft tube
8 Define unit speed of turbine.
9 Classify turbines according to flow.
10 What are high head turbines? Give examples.
2
11 Define hydraulic efficiency of a turbine.
12 What is known as Euler’s equation for turbo-machines?
13 What is impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
14 Classify the dissimilarity among turbine and pump
15 Classify the turbines
16 List the characteristic curves of Hydraulic turbine
17 Define Runaway speed of Turbine.
18 Define Jet Ratio
19 Define volumetric efficiency
20 What are the efficiencies of a turbine?
21 Differentiate the impulse and reaction turbine.
22 Draw velocity triangle diagram for pelton wheel turbine.
Write an engineering brief on
(i) Manometric efficiency
23
(ii)Mechanical efficiency
(iii) Overall efficiency of a turbine
24 Classify the Hydraulic Turbines
25 Write a short note on Governing of Turbines. 06
26 State six difference between Pelton and Kaplan turbine.
27 A shaft transmit 150kW at 600rpm. What is the torque in Nm?
The mean velocity of the buckets of the Pelton wheel is 10 m/s. The jet supplies water at 0.7
28 m3/s at a head of 30 m. The jet is deflected through an angle of 160° by the bucket. Find the
hydraulic efficiency. Take Cv = 0.98.
29 Explain Briefly about different types of draft tubes?
30 What are the functions of a draft tube?
Derive an expression for maximum hydraulic efficiency in an impulse turbine and Compare
31
radial flow and axial flow turbo machines.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Institute of Mechanical Engineering
CEA06 - Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
A Pelton wheel, working under a head of 500 m develops 13 MW when running at a speed
of 430 rpm. If the efficiency of the wheel is 85%, determine the rate of flow through the
32
turbine, the diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the nozzle. Take speed ratio as 0.46
and coefficient of Velocity for the nozzle as 0.98.
A Pelton wheel works under a gross head of 510 m. One third of gross head is lost in friction
in the penstock. The rate of flow through the nozzle is 2.2 m3/sec. The angel of deflection of
33
jet is 165°. Find the (i) power given by water to the runner (ii) hydraulic efficiency of Pelton
wheel. Take CV = 1.0 and speed ratio = 0.45
A Pelton turbine is required to develop 9000 KW when working under a head of 300 m the
impeller may rotate at 500 rpm. Assuming a jet ratio of 10 and an overall efficiency of 85%
34
calculate (i) Quantity of water required, (ii) Diameter of the wheel, (iii) No of jets, (iv) No
and size of the bucket vanes on the runner.
35 With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of Francis turbine.
A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate of
700 lps under a head of 30m. The buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 160deg.
36 10
Calculate the power given by the water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine. Assume coefficient of velocity as 0.98.
A reaction turbine works at 450 r.p.m. under a head of 120 m. Its diameter at inlet is 1.2 m
and the flow area is 0.4 m2. The angles made by absolute and relative velocities at inlet are
37
20qand 60q respectively with the tangential velocity. Determine:(i)the volume rate of flow,
(ii) the power developed, and (iii) the hydraulic efficiency
38 With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of Pelton wheel turbine.
A hub diameter of a Kaplan turbine, working under a head of 12m, is 0.35 times the diameter
of the runner. The turbine is running at 100rpm. If the vane angle of the runner at outlet is
39
15°. And flow ratio 0.6, find (i) diameter of the runner, (ii) diameter of the boss, and (iii)
Discharge through the runner. Take the velocity of whirl at outlet as zero.
A Kaplan turbine develops 24647.6kW power at an average head of 39m. Assuming the
speed ratio of 2, flow ratio of 0.6, diameter of the boss equal to 0.35 times the diameter of
40
the runner and an overall efficiency of 90%, calculate the diameter, speed and specific
speed of the turbine.