COMPLEX ENGINEERING

PROBLEM
GROUP MEMBERS:
MUHAMMAD BILAL AJMAL
MUHAMMAD FAAZ BIN AQUIL
SHUJA ALI
OBJECT

• Design a detailed feed backward and feed forward control strategy of a water tube boiler 3
element control system. State which control strategy is efficient.
INTRODUCTION

• A three-element boiler water level control system is one which typically uses the measured
water level.
• The water flowrate into the boiler to regulate the flow of water into the boiler.
• The drop in pressure causes the steam bubbles in the boiler water to expand.
• Once boiler pressure is restored the steam bubbles contract, and the measured water level
drops suddenly.
WATER TUBE BOILER
• A water tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by
the fire.
• Fuel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot gas which boils water in the steam-generating
tubes. In smaller boilers, additional generating tubes are separate in the furnace.
WATER TUBE BOILER

• The heated water/steam mixture then rises into the steam drum. Here, saturated steam is
drawn off the top of the drum.

• Superheated steam is defined as steam that is heated above the boiling point at a given
pressure.
FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM

• A feedback system measures a value in a process and reacts to the change in the value
measured.
FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM

• The output of the process is measured with the help of a sensor and the sensor value is given
to the controller to take a proper controlling action.

• A controller compares this sensor signal with a set point and generates a control signal.

• Actuators effect the plant directly by varying the manipulating variable.

• Controller action will be zero until the process variable meets set point.
FEEDFORWARD CONTROL SYSTEM

• A feedforward controller avoids the slowness of the feedback control.

FEEDFORWARD CONTROL SYSTEM

• Using feedforward control the performance of control systems can be enhanced greatly.
• Process variables such as pressure, level, flow, temperature are interrelated and so one variable
may affect another as a disturbance in the process.
• The feedforward controller determines the needed change in the manipulated variable.
• So that when the effect of the disturbance is combined with the effect of the change in the
manipulated variable,
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES OF
BOILER DRUM LEVEL CONTROL:
• The steam drum itself may not be at perfectly level.

• Even at steady state conditions, considerable turbulence in the drum can cause the level to
fluctuate.

• Changing rate of water inflow and steam outflow adds to the potential for measurement error.
USING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
TRANSMITTER
• The steam drum contains a two-phase mixture of water and steam at saturation condition.

• The densities of water and steam vary with saturation temperature and pressure.

• The density of saturated steam above water must be considered, as well as the density of

saturated water in the drum.

P&ID DIAGRAM:
PROCESS VARIABLES

• In this control philosophy, there are three process variables.

• 1. Boiler Level,
2. Feed water flow and
3. Steam Flow to control boiler Drum Level.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
RECOMMENDATION

• The idea is that all the dynamics affecting a system won't be known in advance - friction values

change, disturbances are encountered, payloads are not constant, etc.

• They then further "nudge" the inputs to account for the predicted additional errors in order

to prevent those modeled errors from occurring.

THANK YOU