Annex1B to DepEd Order No. 42, s.

2016

GRADES 1 TO 12 School Grade Level ELEVEN/TWELVE

DAILY LESSON Teacher Learning Area PHYSICAL SCIENCE
LOG Teaching Dates and Quarter SECOND
Time
I.OBJECTIVES Unpacked Objective/s:

 Determine Aristotelian  Explain how Galileo  Explain Newton’s first  LONG TEST/
and Galilean views on inferred that objects in law of motion. PERFORMANCE
motion. vacuum fall with  Explain the subtle TASK
 Compare and contrast uniform acceleration distinction between
the Aristotelian and and force is not Newton’s first law of
Galilean conceptions of necessary to sustain motion and Galileo’s
vertical motion, horizontal motion. assertion that force is
horizontal motion, and not necessary to
projectile motion. sustain horizontal
motion.
WEEK 2 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Name of Writer GLORIA D. ROSALES MAXIMO P. HIBAYA ABETO S. LUSAY
(TALUSAN NHS) (TALUSAN NHS) (LAPARAY NHS)
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
Standards
1. Aristotelian vs. Galilean views of motion
2. how Galileo used his discoveries in mechanics (and astronomy) to address
scientific objections to the Copernican model
3. Newton’s Laws of Motion
4. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
5. mass, momentum, and energy conservation
B. Performance The learners should be able to:
Standards
 Observe daily activities that may strengthen or loosen the claims provided by
Aristotle and Galileo.

1
 C. Learning MELC/CODE:
Competencies /
Code:  Compare and contrast  explain how Galileo  Explain the subtle
the Aristotelian and inferred that objects in distinction between
Galilean conceptions vacuum fall with Newton’s 1st Law of
of vertical motion, uniform acceleration, Motion (or Law of
horizontal motion, and and that force is not Inertia) and Galileo’s
projectile motion. necessary to sustain assertion that force is
(S11/12PS -IVc -46) horizontal motion not necessary to
(S11/12PS -IVc -47) sustain horizontal
Menu of strategies: motion (S11/12PS-
1. Inquiry-based approach Menu of strategies: IVd-51)
2. Scientific method 1. Inquiry-based approach
approach 2. Scientific method Menu of strategies:
3. Differentiated approach
instruction technique 3. Differentiated 1. Inquiry-based
instruction technique approach
2. Scientific method
approach
3. Differentiated
instruction technique
II.CONTENT  Why we believe that the laws of physics are universal
III.LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide  Unit 16: Aristotelian  Quipper Study guide  Quipper Study guide
pages Versus Galilean Views Lesson 16.2: Galilean Unit 18: Laws of
of Motion • Grade Conceptions of Motion Motion and Universal
11/12 Gravitation Grade
11/12
2. Learner’s
Materials pages
3. Textbooks pages  Physics Modular
Approach 71-75
4. Additional  https//www.brainly.in ›
Materials pages Physics › Secondary
2
 from learning School
Resources (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning  Hewitt, P. G.
Resource Conceptual Physics,
pp. 43-44

 https://web.facebook.c
om/notes/physical-
science/72-galilean-
conceptions-vertical-
motion-horizontal-
motion-and-projectile-
motion/309840236684
2634/?_rdc=1&_rdr
IV.PROCEDURES Inquiry-Based Learning Using 7E Model
A. Reviewing the Elicit: Review: (Note: For face  What does the first PERFORMANCE
previous lesson or to face activity) law of Newton’s law TASK:
presenting the “JUMBLED LETTERS” state?
new lesson. Instructions: Arrange the Title: Aristotle or The first Newton’s Title: Motion Detective
ELICIT jumbled letters. Write your Galileo? (offline) law, the law of inertia
answers to the space states that; “A body at Task:
provided. In this activity, the rest remains at rest, 1. Observe daily
students will review the and body already in activities that may
1. zlohatnrio – horizontal ideas of Aristotle and motion remains in strengthen or loosen the
2. rtesltaio - Aristotle Galileo about motion motion with a claims provided by
3. tonmio - motion Materials: constant speed and Aristotle and Galileo.
4. oelalig - Galileo ● paper direction, in the
5. lacevtri- vertical ● marker absence of an Activities/phenomena
Procedure: unbalanced applied that can be considered
1. Ask the students to force”. are the following:
bring out bond paper and ○ walking
marker  What is horizontal ○ running
2. Let them on the first motion? ○ jumping
side of the paper letter A Is a motion that an ○ playing (basketball,
and the other side letter G. object is unaffected volleyball, baseball,

3
3. Tell the students that
they have to determine
whether the statements
are based on Aristotle or
Galileo. They have to
raise letter A if Aristotle
and G if Galileo.
4. You can ask the
following questions to
recall the concepts:
a. An object initially
traveling along a
frictionless floor will stop
because there is no
continuous force pushing
it. A
b. All objects will
eventually stop and stay in
their natural position. A
c. Stone will stay at the
bottom of the water. A
d. The projectile follows a
parabolic path. G
e. Violent motion occurs
when an object moves
after an external force is
applied to it. A
f. Friction exerted by the
ground or rough surfaces
will eventually slow down
an object. G
g. The motion of a falling
object is independent of its
mass. G
h. Projectiles stop
because of a lack of
impetus. A
by the force of gravity soccer)
for relatively short ○ riding a vehicle or a
displacement. This vehicle’s motion
means that horizontal ○ water dripping from
velocity is constant. the faucet
 What is vertical ○ fire from the stove ○
motion? balloon or kite flying in
Referred to as the the sky
movement of the ○ a coin dropped and
object against the rolls on the floor
gravitational pull. It is ○ any
a motion that is activities/phenomena
perpendicular to the demonstrating motion
straight or flat surface that can be observed in
and it can be a the place
straight upward and 2. In a 1 whole sheet of
downward motion. paper, write down all
proofs gathered and give
Vertical and Horizontal a verdict on what views
forces cause an object given by Aristotle and
to: Galileo will be accepted
or rejected.
 Forces causing an
Your performance will be
object to start moving.
graded by the following
rubric.
 Forces causing an
object to stop moving.
 Forces causing an
object to change
direction.
4
 i. If the angle of an
inclined plane is equal to
90 degrees, it is already
free falling. G
j. Along an inclined plane,
an object’s acceleration
will increase with angle. G
5. After each question,
you can ask one student
to explain his/her answer
based on what he/she
knows.
B. Establishing a  Determine the types of  Explain how Galileo  Explain Newton’s first
purpose for the motion according to inferred that objects in law of motion.
lesson. Aristotle and Galileo vacuum fall with  Explain the subtle
ENGAGE  Compare and contrast uniform acceleration distinction between
the Aristotelian and and force is not Newton’s first law of
Galilean conceptions of necessary to sustain motion and Galileo’s
vertical motion, horizontal motion. assertion that force is
horizontal motion, and not necessary to
projectile motion. sustain horizontal
motion.
C. Presenting Activity #1: TITLE: ACTIVITY #1: Title: Drop MINI ACTIVITY
examples/instance ARISTOTLE ON MOTION That! (Offline)
s of the new (OFFLINE) Introduce the fact that
lesson. ENGAGE In this activity, the Newton’s law of inertia
Problem: According to students will observe and says that an object at rest
Aristotle, what are the two confirm the object remains at rest, and an
types of motion? encountered a resistive object in motion remains
Hypothesis: Aristotle force from a fluid as in motion unless acted by
divided motion into two described by Galileo. an external net force.
types: natural motion and
violent motion. Problem: Why does an You must perform this
Materials: object encounter fluid activity to visualize
 Pen and activity sheets friction? Newton’s Law of Inertia
Procedures: and as your guide for the

5
1. Read and analyze each Hypothesis: Water exerts next activity which is the
statement given. a force of friction on an two types of motions and
2. Identify each statement object which moves its causes to an object.
as natural or violent through them and
motion-based on opposite their motion. ACTIVITY 1: Title:
Aristotle’s views on When an object moves Inertia (Offline)
motion. Write your through the water, it
answers on the spaces pushes the water out of Problem: What is
opposite the statement. the way and the water Newton's first law? And
pushes back on what does Newton’s first
Type the object. This push of law states?
of the water on the Hypothesis: Newton’s
Statement Motio moving object creates first law is the law of
n fiction which tends to slow inertia, the law of inertia
1. A book lying Natur states that; “A body at
at rest on a al rest remains at rest, and
table body already in motion
2. A puff of Natur remains in motion with a
smoke rising in al constant speed and
the air. direction, in the absence
3. A boulder Natur down the moving object. of an unbalanced applied
falling towards al force”.
the ground. Materials: Materials:
4. A tug-of-war violent  Transparent glass,  Table cloth
between Team water, and a coin.  Glass
A and Team B  Table
5. Lifting a pail violent Procedure: Procedure:
of water 1. Drop a coin inside the 1. Prepare a piece of
6. Pushing a violent glass with water. Observe table cloth, a table, and a
man infront of as coin dropped inside the glass.
you in the MRT glass with water. 2. Put the table cloth on
7. Releasing a Natur 3. Drop a coin on the top of the table, lay it flat.
balloon al ground. Observe as coin 3. Put the glass on top of
8. Throwing a Natur touch to the ground. the table cloth.
ball upward al Guide Questions: 4. Pull the table cloth
and watching it 1. What have you quickly and see to it that
observed when you drop
6
 falls a piece of coin inside glass on top will remain
9. A blue Natur the glass of water? standing.
velvet bag al  It sinks at the bottom 5. Repeat the procedure
inside the of the glass. by using another kind of
cabinet  The coin will sooner or table cloth and glass,
10. Combing violent later travel at a observe the differences.
the long black constant speed until it Guide Questions:
hair of your reaches the bottom of 1. What kind of table
little sister. the glass and stops. cloth and glass did you
2. Why would a coin not use to make the
Guide Questions: float? In what way will procedure a successful
1. How is motion defined the coin sink into the one?
by Aristotle? bottom of the glass? Smooth and hem-less
Any motion that an object The coin will not float table cloth. Stable and
does naturally-without because the force that the cheap glass.
being forced water acts on the coin is 2. What is Newton's
2. According to greater than the coin’s first law? And what
Aristotle what are the mass. Due to the fluid does Newton’s first law
two types of motion? resistance, the coin will states?
Aristotle divided motion slowly sink into the bottom Newton’s first law is the
into two types: natural of the glass. law of inertia, the law of
motion and violent motion. 3. What will happen inertia states that; “A
3. What is the difference when an object body at rest remains at
between encountered a resistive rest, and body already in
natural and violent force from a fluid greater motion remains in motion
motion? than or equal to its with a constant speed
Natural motion is weight? and direction, in the
classified as any motion The object will slow down absence of an
that an object does and move uniformly until it unbalanced applied
naturally-without being stops. force”.
forced while violent motion 4. Why is it when you 3. Is Newton’s first law
is an imposed motion or drop a piece of coin on of motion applied to the
the result of forces that the ground it will stop activity? Why?
pushed or pulled. moving as it reaches on Yes, since the glass on
the ground top of the table cloth is at
Conclusion: Because of the external rest, upon pulling the
table cloth the glass was
7
Is your hypothesis correct?
Why or why not? What is
your conclusion then?
Yes. Therefore, I conclude
that,
Aristotle divided motion
into two types; natural and
violent.
force, it states that if an
object is in motion it will
continue moving not
unless acted upon by the
outside force. The ground
is the external force that
prohibits the coin to
continue in motion.
5. Why does an object
encounter fluid friction?
Water exerts a force
of friction on an
object which moves
through them and
opposite their motion.
When an object moves
through the water, it
pushes the water out of
the way and the water
pushes back on
the object. This push of
the water on the
moving object creates
fiction which tends to slow
down the moving object.
not disturbed and remain
at rest. Constant speed
and direction are also
exhibited using the cloth
that is in motion.
Conclusion:
Is your hypothesis
correct? Why or why not?
What is your conclusion
then?
Therefore, I conclude
that in pulling the cloth
with a glass on top, it
applies Newton’s law of
inertia Because in pulling
the cloth it creates
motion while the glass
was not disturbed and
remains at rest.

Conclusion:
Is your hypothesis
correct? Why or why not?
What is your conclusion
then? Yes. Therefore, I
conclude that an object
encounters fluid friction
when an object moves
through the water, it
pushes the water out of
the way and the water
8

D. Discussing new Activity #2: Title:
concepts and Aristotle vs. Galileo
practicing new (offline)
skills #1.
EXPLORE Problem: What is the
difference between
Aristotle’s and Galileo’s
views on the horizontal
motion?
Hypothesis: Force is
necessary for objects to
move according to
Aristotle while an external
force is not necessary for
objects to move because it
will continue to move if not
impeded according to
Galileo.
Material:
 Pen and activity sheets
Procedures:
1. Analyze the information
about Aristotle’s and
Galileo’s views on motion.
2. Compare and contrast
Aristotle’s and Galileo’s
conceptions of horizontal
motion, vertical motion,
and projectile motion?
3. Complete the table
pushes back on
the object. This push of
the water on the
moving object creates
fiction which tends to slow
down the moving object.
Activity #2: Title: Watch GUIDED PRACTICE
Out: It is Falling! (offline) ACTIVITY
In this activity, the
students will confirm the
motion of a falling object
as described by Galileo
Problem: What did
Galileo argue about falling
objects?
Hypothesis:
Galileo Galilei recognized
that in a vacuum,
all falling objects would
accelerate at the same
rate regardless of their
size, shape, or mass.
Materials:
● two balls with different
masses (1 kg and 2 kg)
● camera or smartphone
 A ladder or step stool  Galileo’s. Newton also
Procedure:
1. Carefully climb the
ladder or step stool with
the two balls of different
masses.
2. Drop both balls at the
Activity #2: Title: Fill Me
Out! (offline)
In this activity, the
students will determine
the views of Galileo and
Newton about the laws of
motion.
Problem: What makes
the findings of Galileo
different
from the findings of
Newton?
Hypothesis: Isaac
Newton also investigated
motion and came up with
an almost similar
interpretation as
pointed out that an object
in
horizontal motion has a
constant velocity, as
stated by Galileo.
However, for
an object in a vertical
motion, Newton claimed
9
 below by writing the same time, from the same that it has a constant
correct answers on the height. If you are using a velocity
spaces provided. video camera, be sure to as well.
have your helper (family Materials:
member) record the balls  Pen and activity
falling and hitting the sheets
ground. Procedure:
Type Horizo Force An 3. Repeat the experiment 1. Fill in the table below
of Aristo ntal was object at least two more times.  with the appropriate
Galileo impart in 4. Watch the video and statements under the
Motio tle
n ed to motion observe the motions of the person who concluded
Any In the object , if two balls to verify your that statement across the
motio absenc s unimp results. type of motion.
n that e of becau eded, Guide Questions:
an resistan se will 1. Which of the two balls Statements:
object ce, object contin reached the ground a. It is a constant motion!
does objects s in ue to first? b. It is a constant
natur would their be in The two balls reached the acceleration!
Vertic ally- natura motion the ground at the same c. It is a constant motion
fall not
al witho l , and time. but it is accelerating due
dependi
ut ng on resting an 2. Are your results to gravity.
being their places extern consistent? Did one ball d. It is a constant motion!
force weight, could al consistently hit the
d but in not force ground before the other
the time move is not or did both balls always
of fall. by neces hit the ground at the
thems sary to same time?
elves; mainta The two balls consistently Answer Key:
they in the hit the ground at the same
had to motion time.
be . 3. What factor/s affected
pushe the motion of the
d or object?
pulled. The only factor that
affects Guide Questions:
the motion of the object is 1. What makes the
Projec An A
air resistance. findings of Galileo
10
tile object combi 3. Does your finding the different
throw nation same as the conception from the findings of
n at a of of Aristotle? Newton?
certai unifor No, because Isaac Newton also
n m according to Aristotle the investigated motion and
angle motio lighter object should reach came up with an almost
is n in the ground first. similar interpretation as
given the 4. What did Galileo Galileo’s. Newton also
an horizo argue about falling pointed out that an object
impet ntal objects? in
us. It directi Galileo Galilei recognized horizontal motion has a
will on that in a vacuum, constant velocity, as
contin and all falling objects would stated by Galileo.
ue to unifor accelerate at the same However, for
move mly rate regardless of their an object in a vertical
in accele size, shape, or mass. motion, Newton claimed
such a rated that it has a constant
state motio Conclusion: velocity
until n in Is your hypothesis as well.
the the correct? Why or why not?
object’ vertica What is your conclusion Conclusion:
s l then? Yes. Therefore, I Is your hypothesis
impet directi conclude that correct? Why or why not?
us is on. If all falling objects would What is your conclusion
lost, it is accelerate at the same then? Yes. Therefore, I
and not rate regardless of their conclude that Isaac
the imped size, shape, or mass. Newton also investigated
object ed, it motion and came up with
return will an almost similar
s to its contin interpretation as
natura ue to Galileo’s. Newton also
l state, move pointed out that an object
causin even in
g it to withou horizontal motion has a
stop t an constant velocity, as
and applie stated by Galileo.
fall to d However, for
11
 the force. an object in a vertical
groun motion, Newton claimed
d. that it has a constant
velocity
Guide Questions: as well.
1. What is the difference
between Aristotle’s and
Galileo’s views on the
horizontal motion?
Force is necessary for
objects to move according
to Aristotle while an
external force is not
necessary for objects to
move because it will
continue to move if not
impeded according to
Galileo.
2. What are Aristotle’s
and Galileo’s
conceptions of motion?
Refer to the answer to the
table above.
3. What makes Galileo’s
conception of projectile
motion better than
Aristotle’s?
Galileo believed that a
projectile is a combination
of uniform motion in the
horizontal direction and
uniformly accelerated
motion in the vertical
direction.

Conclusion:
Is your hypothesis correct?
12
 Why or why not? What is
your conclusion then?
Yes. Therefore, I conclude
that,
Galileo’s conceptions on
motion are more
acceptable than Aristotle
because of his
observations explained
the types of motion.
E. Discussing new  What are the different Galileo’s Idea about  What does the first
concepts and types of motion Falling Objects law of Newton’s law
practicing new according to state?
skills #2 Aristotle? Galileo was fascinated by The first Newton’s
EXPLORE Natural motion and the behavior of falling law, the law of inertia
violent motion objects. He wondered if states that; “A body at
 Differentiate natural two objects of different rest remains at rest,
motion from violent mass were dropped at the and body already in
motion. same height, which will hit motion remains in
Natural motion is the ground first? To motion with a
classified as any answer this, he devised a constant speed and
motion that an object thought experiment in direction, in the
does naturally-without which two objects with absence of an
being forced while unequal weights were unbalanced applied
violent motion is an dropped with very minimal force”.
imposed motion or the air resistance affecting
result of forces that these objects. He  What is horizontal
pushed or pulled. postulated that the motion?
 What are the types of objects, regardless of the Is a motion that an
motion according to weight, would hit the object is unaffected
Galileo? ground at the same time. by the force of gravity
Vertical, horizontal, Based on his for relatively short
and projectile motion observations, Galileo displacement. This
 How did Galileo knew that falling objects means that horizontal
define projectile increase their speed as velocity is constant.
motion? they go down. This  What is vertical
change in speed per unit
13
 Projectile motion is a
combination of uniform
motion in the horizontal
direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in
the vertical direction.
Aristotle’s Views in
Motion
Aristotle, the foremost
Greek scientist studied
motion and defines it as
the actuality of potentiality.
He divided it into two
types: natural motion and
violent motion.
Any motion that an object
does naturally-without
being forced-was
classified by Aristotle as
natural motion. Solid
objects (or liquids) fall and
air likes to rise upwards,
as do flames because they
seek their natural resting
place. Natural motion on
Earth was thought to be
either straight up or
straight down. It was
“natural” for heavy things
to fall and for very light
thins to rise. Today this is
referred to as vertical
motion.
time is called acceleration. motion?
He postulated that objects Referred to as the
fall with uniform movement of the
acceleration. object against the
gravitational pull. It is
a motion that is
perpendicular to the
straight or flat surface
and it can be a
straight upward and
Summary: downward motion.
a. Galileo believed that Vertical and Horizontal
the vertical motion of forces cause an object
objects was downward to:
due to gravity. He
believed that objects  Forces causing an
fall at the same rate object to start moving
even if they have
different weights.  Forces causing an
object to stop moving:
b. According to him, in
the absence of air  Forces causing an
resistance, objects object to change
would fall not direction.
depending on their
weight but depending Galileo’s Assertion on
on the time of fall. For Horizontal Motion. Early
example, without any experiments on motion
air resistance, a 1-kg started with Galileo
and a 10-kg object will Galilei, an Italian
fall on the ground at scientist. A. He
the same time conducted experiments
considering they are on motion and identified
released from the two types: natural
same height.
c. Galileo explained
horizontal motion in
such a way that an
14
Violent motion, on the
other hand, was imposed
motion. It was the result of
forces that pushed or
pulled. A cart moved
because it was pulled by a
horse and a ship was
pushed by the force of the
wind. External cause
existed in violent motion. A
violent motion was
imparted to objects
because objects in their
natural resting places
could not move by
themselves; they had to be
pushed or pulled. This is
now referred to as
horizontal motion.
Vertical Motion. Aristotle
believed that the vertical
motion of an object
depends on the kind of
element that made up the
object. He believed that
objects could be made up
of earth, water, air, or fire.
Objects made up of earth
moved down because the
ground was their natural
resting place. For
example, when a rock was
thrown upward, it would
fall to the ground. Objects
made up of water would
tend to move in a region
object in motion, if horizontal motion and
unimpeded, will natural vertical motion.
continue to be in Consider a ball rolling off
motion. He noted that a table. Based on Galileo,
an external force is not the ball’s motion has both
necessary to maintain natural horizontal motion
horizontal motion. Most and natural vertical
of Galileo’s ideas came motion as can be seen in
from his “thought Fig. 1.
experiments”.
d. Galileo also noted that B. Galileo further
if an object conducted experiments
encountered a resistive on the motion of a ball.
force from a fluid He used
greater than or equal inclined planes, and hard
to its weight, the object and smooth surfaces to
will slow down and observe its motion. First,
move uniformly until it he rolled the ball from
stops. Consider a one inclined plane to
stone dropped in the another inclined plane.
ocean. The stone will He then
sooner or later travel at observed that the ball
a constant speed until almost reached the
it reaches the bottom height from which it was
of the ocean and released,
stops. as shown below.
C. Second, he varied the
steepness of the second
inclined plane. He then
found
out that even if the
steepness of the second
inclined plane is
decreased, the
the ball would still reach
the same height it
15
immediately above the reached in the first
ground. Objects made up experiment, as
of air would tend to rise shown.
because the atmosphere
was their natural resting D. Lastly, Galileo
place. Lastly, objects removed the second
made up of fire would tend inclined plane and
to move upward, just watched the ball. He
above the atmosphere. observed the ball and
Aristotle also explained concluded that the ball
that an object becomes would continue to
heavier when it contains move in a straight line
large amounts of earth with constant speed.
elements. He also added

E. Galileo concluded that

in the absence of friction
that heavier objects would between the object and
fall faster to the ground the air or the surface, a
than lighter objects. ball rolling down an
inclined plane would
Horizontal Motion. Unlike continue to roll
the vertical motion, indefinitely. According to
Aristotle explained that him, an object moving
horizontal motion is along a horizontal plane
caused by force. would continue to move
According to him, an arrow with a constant velocity
moving in a horizontal without the need for a
direction will continue to consistent force to
move forward as soon as it sustain its motion.
is released from a bow
due to the force of air F. At this point, Galileo
pushing the arrow from unknowingly discovered
behind. This force is what
16
Aristotle referred to as the
impetus.
Projectile Motion.
Aristotle also tried to
explain projectile motion.
He believed that
projectiles moved parallel
to the ground until it was
the object’s time to fall
toward the ground. For
example, a cannonball
fired at a certain angle was
given an initial force (an
impetus), but this force
would eventually
disappear, and the stone
would move back to its
natural place, which is the
ground.
Galileo's Conceptions of
Motion
Vertical Motion. Galileo
believed that the vertical
motion of objects was
downward due to gravity.
inertia - where objects
tend to
remain at rest or in
constant motion unless
acted upon by an
external force.
He also stated that an
object moving vertically
would accelerate at a
constant
rate.
G. In general, Galileo
described that objects
moving vertically and
horizontally
behave differently.
According to him, an
object in horizontal
motion has a constant
velocity. Moreover, an
object in vertical motion
has a constant
acceleration.
What makes the
findings of Galileo
different? from the
findings of Newton?
A. Isaac Newton also
investigated motion
and came up with an
almost similar
interpretation as
Galileo’s. Newton also
pointed out that an
object in horizontal
motion has a constant
17
Unlike Aristotle, he
believed that objects fall at
the same rate even if they
have different weights.
According to him, in the
absence of air resistance,
objects would fall not
depending on their weight
but depending on the time
of fall. For example,
without any air resistance,
a 1-kg and a 10-kg object
will fall on the ground at
the same time considering
they are released from the
same height.
Galileo also noted that if
an object encountered a
resistive force from a fluid
greater than or equal to its
weight, the object will slow
down and move uniformly
until it stops. Consider a
stone dropped in the
ocean. The stone will
sooner or later travel at a
constant speed until it
reaches the bottom of the
ocean and stops.
Horizontal Motion.
Galileo explained
velocity, as stated by
Galileo. However, for
an object in a vertical
motion, Newton
claimed that it has a
constant velocity as
well.
B. He further explained
that an object will only
accelerate when a
force is applied to it.
Thus, in the absence
of the downward force
that pulls things down
to Earth, an object will
travel with constant
velocity along the
direction where it is
propelled.
C. Thus, Newton
believed that the
velocities of objects
are constant in both
horizontal motion and
vertical motion unless
these objects are
acted upon by an
external force.
Newton used Galileo’s
ideas and applied
them to explain the
motion of everyday
objects. He further
developed his ideas
on motion and later
18
horizontal motion in such a came up with his
way that an object in three laws of motion.
motion, if unimpeded, will
continue to be in motion.
In contrast to Aristotle, he
noted that an external
force is not necessary to
maintain horizontal motion.
Most of Galileo’s ideas
came from his “thought
experiments”. These were
done only by thinking
about the situation in the
experiment and analyzing
the possible outcomes, so
no actual experimentations
were done. Galileo
explained horizontal
motion in such a way that
an object in motion, if
unimpeded, will continue
to be in motion. In contrast
to Aristotle, he noted that
an external force is not
necessary to maintain
horizontal motion.

According to him, if the

Earth’s surface is very flat
and extends infinitely,
objects that are pushed
will not be impeded. Thus,
the objects will continue to
move.
19
Unimpeded horizontal
motion, however, is not
evident. Friction exerted
by the ground or rough
surfaces will eventually
slow down an object. Air
resistance in the
atmosphere also impedes
motion. For example, if a
ball is pushed on a rough
surface, it will roll for some
time before it will come to
a stop.

Projectile Motion. Galileo

described the projectile
motion as the combination
of horizontal and vertical
motions. He referred to
this combination of
motions as compound
motion. Galileo explained
that vertical motion, in the
form of gravitational
acceleration, and
horizontal motion occurs at
the same time. These
motions are independent
of each other and are
always perpendicular to
each other. Contrary to
Aristotle’s view, Galileo
believed that projectiles
20
 follow a curved trajectory.
He explained that a
cannonball launched into
the air would move in a
curve rather than fall
abruptly to the ground.

Comparison of
Aristotle’s and Galileo’s
Views of Motion

Aristotle explained the

motion of objects through
logic. Galileo challenged
Aristotle’s views of motion
by thought and actual
experiments. The
differences and similarities
of their views about motion
are summarized in the
table below

F. Developing  What are the different Galileo’s Idea about  What does the first

21
mastery types of motion Falling Objects law of Newton’s law
(Leads to according to state?
Formative Aristotle? Galileo was fascinated by The first Newton’s
Assessment 3) Natural motion and the behavior of falling law, the law of inertia
EXPLAIN violent motion objects. He wondered if states that; “A body at
 Differentiate natural two objects of different rest remains at rest,
motion from violent mass were dropped at the and body already in
motion. same height, which will hit motion remains in
Natural motion is the ground first? To motion with a
classified as any answer this, he devised a constant speed and
motion that an object thought experiment in direction, in the
does naturally-without which two objects with absence of an
being forced while unequal weights were unbalanced applied
violent motion is an dropped with very minimal force”.
imposed motion or the air resistance affecting
result of forces that these objects. He  What is horizontal
pushed or pulled. postulated that the motion?
 What are the types of objects, regardless of the Is a motion that an
motion according to weight, would hit the object is unaffected
Galileo? ground at the same time. by the force of gravity
Vertical, horizontal, Based on his for relatively short
and projectile motion observations, Galileo displacement. This
 How did Galileo knew that falling objects means that horizontal
define projectile increase their speed as velocity is constant.
motion? they go down. This  What is vertical
Projectile motion is a change in speed per unit motion?
combination of uniform time is called acceleration. Referred to as the
motion in the horizontal He postulated that objects movement of the
direction and uniformly fall with uniform object against the
accelerated motion in acceleration. gravitational pull. It is
the vertical direction. a motion that is
perpendicular to the
Aristotle’s Views in straight or flat surface
Motion and it can be a
Aristotle, the foremost straight upward and
Greek scientist studied downward motion.
Summary:
22
motion and defines it as
the actuality of potentiality.
He divided it into two
types: natural motion and
violent motion.
Any motion that an object
does naturally-without
being forced-was
classified by Aristotle as
natural motion. Solid
objects (or liquids) fall and
air likes to rise upwards,
as do flames because they
seek their natural resting
place. Natural motion on
Earth was thought to be
either straight up or
straight down. It was
“natural” for heavy things
to fall and for very light
thins to rise. Today this is
referred to as vertical
motion.
Violent motion, on the
other hand, was imposed
motion. It was the result of
forces that pushed or
pulled. A cart moved
because it was pulled by a
horse and a ship was
pushed by the force of the
wind. External cause
existed in violent motion. A
violent motion was
imparted to objects
a. Galileo believed that Vertical and Horizontal
the vertical motion of forces cause an object
objects was downward to:
due to gravity. He
believed that objects  Forces causing an
fall at the same rate object to start moving
even if they have
 Forces causing an
different weights.
object to stop moving:
b. According to him, in
the absence of air  Forces causing an
resistance, objects object to change
would fall not direction.
depending on their
weight but depending
on the time of fall. For Galileo’s Assertion on
example, without any Horizontal Motion. Early
air resistance, a 1-kg experiments on motion
and a 10-kg object will started with Galileo
fall on the ground at Galilei, an Italian
the same time scientist. A. He
considering they are conducted experiments
released from the on motion and identified
same height. two types: natural
c. Galileo explained horizontal motion and
horizontal motion in natural vertical motion.
such a way that an Consider a ball rolling off
object in motion, if a table. Based on Galileo,
unimpeded, will the ball’s motion has both
continue to be in natural horizontal motion
motion. He noted that and natural vertical
an external force is not motion as can be seen in
necessary to maintain
horizontal motion. Most
of Galileo’s ideas came
from his “thought
experiments”. Fig. 1.
d. Galileo also noted that
23
because objects in their
natural resting places
could not move by
themselves; they had to be
pushed or pulled. This is
now referred to as
horizontal motion.
Vertical Motion. Aristotle
believed that the vertical
motion of an object
depends on the kind of
element that made up the
object. He believed that
objects could be made up
of earth, water, air, or fire.
Objects made up of earth
moved down because the
ground was their natural
resting place. For
example, when a rock was
thrown upward, it would
fall to the ground. Objects
made up of water would
tend to move in a region
immediately above the
ground. Objects made up
of air would tend to rise
because the atmosphere
was their natural resting
place. Lastly, objects
made up of fire would tend
to move upward, just
above the atmosphere.
Aristotle also explained
that an object becomes
heavier when it contains
if an object
encountered a resistive B. Galileo further
force from a fluid conducted experiments
greater than or equal on the motion of a ball.
to its weight, the object He used
will slow down and inclined planes, and hard
move uniformly until it and smooth surfaces to
stops. Consider a observe its motion. First,
stone dropped in the he rolled the ball from
ocean. The stone will one inclined plane to
sooner or later travel at another inclined plane.
a constant speed until He then
it reaches the bottom observed that the ball
of the ocean and almost reached the
stops. height from which it was
released,
as shown below.
C. Second, he varied the
steepness of the second
inclined plane. He then
found
out that even if the
steepness of the second
inclined plane is
decreased, the
the ball would still reach
the same height it
reached in the first
experiment, as
shown.
D. Lastly, Galileo
removed the second
inclined plane and
watched the ball. He
observed the ball and
24
large amounts of earth
elements. He also added
that heavier objects would
fall faster to the ground
than lighter objects.
Horizontal Motion. Unlike
the vertical motion,
Aristotle explained that
horizontal motion is
caused by force.
According to him, an arrow
moving in a horizontal
direction will continue to
move forward as soon as it
is released from a bow
due to the force of air
pushing the arrow from
behind. This force is what
Aristotle referred to as the
impetus.
Projectile Motion.
concluded that the ball
would continue to
move in a straight line
with constant speed.
E. Galileo concluded that
in the absence of friction
between the object and
the air or the surface, a
ball rolling down an
inclined plane would
continue to roll
indefinitely. According to
him, an object moving
along a horizontal plane
would continue to move
with a constant velocity
without the need for a
consistent force to
sustain its motion.
F. At this point, Galileo
unknowingly discovered
inertia - where objects
tend to
remain at rest or in
constant motion unless
acted upon by an
external force.
He also stated that an
object moving vertically
would accelerate at a
25
Aristotle also tried to
explain projectile motion.
He believed that
projectiles moved parallel
to the ground until it was
the object’s time to fall
toward the ground. For
example, a cannonball
fired at a certain angle was
given an initial force (an
impetus), but this force
would eventually
disappear, and the stone
would move back to its
natural place, which is the
ground.
Galileo's Conceptions of
Motion
Vertical Motion. Galileo
believed that the vertical
motion of objects was
downward due to gravity.
Unlike Aristotle, he
believed that objects fall at
the same rate even if they
have different weights.
According to him, in the
absence of air resistance,
objects would fall not
depending on their weight
but depending on the time
of fall. For example,
without any air resistance,
a 1-kg and a 10-kg object
will fall on the ground at
constant
rate.
G. In general, Galileo
described that objects
moving vertically and
horizontally
behave differently.
According to him, an
object in horizontal
motion has a constant
velocity. Moreover, an
object in vertical motion
has a constant
acceleration.
What makes the
findings of Galileo
different? from the
findings of Newton?
A. Isaac Newton also
investigated motion
and came up with an
almost similar
interpretation as
Galileo’s. Newton also
pointed out that an
object in horizontal
motion has a constant
velocity, as stated by
Galileo. However, for
an object in a vertical
motion, Newton
claimed that it has a
constant velocity as
well.
B. He further explained
26
the same time considering
they are released from the
same height.
Galileo also noted that if
an object encountered a
resistive force from a fluid
greater than or equal to its
weight, the object will slow
down and move uniformly
until it stops. Consider a
stone dropped in the
ocean. The stone will
sooner or later travel at a
constant speed until it
reaches the bottom of the
ocean and stops.
that an object will only
accelerate when a
force is applied to it.
Thus, in the absence
of the downward force
that pulls things down
to Earth, an object will
travel with constant
velocity along the
direction where it is
propelled.
C. Thus, Newton
believed that the
velocities of objects
are constant in both
horizontal motion and
vertical motion unless
these objects are
acted upon by an
external force.
Newton used Galileo’s
ideas and applied
them to explain the
motion of everyday
objects. He further
developed his ideas
on motion and later
came up with his
three laws of motion.
27
Horizontal Motion.
Galileo explained
horizontal motion in such a
way that an object in

motion, if unimpeded, will

continue to be in motion.
In contrast to Aristotle, he
noted that an external
force is not necessary to
maintain horizontal motion.
Most of Galileo’s ideas
came from his “thought
experiments”.
These were done only by
thinking about the situation
in the experiment and
analyzing the possible
outcomes, so no actual
experimentations were
done. According to him, if
the Earth’s surface is very
flat and extends infinitely,
objects that are pushed
will not be impeded. Thus,
the objects will continue to
move. Unimpeded
horizontal motion,
however, is not evident.
Friction exerted by the
ground or rough surfaces
will eventually slow down
an object. Air resistance in

28
the atmosphere also
impedes motion. For
example, if a ball is
pushed on a rough
surface, it will roll for some
time before it will come to
a stop.

Projectile Motion. Galileo

described the projectile
motion as the combination
of horizontal and vertical
motions. He referred to
this combination of
motions as compound
motion. Galileo explained
that vertical motion, in the
form of gravitational
acceleration, and
horizontal motion occurs at
the same time. These
motions are independent
of each other and are
always perpendicular to
each other. Contrary to
Aristotle’s view, Galileo
believed that projectiles
follow a curved trajectory.
He explained that a
cannonball launched into
the air would move in a
curve rather than fall
abruptly to the ground.

29
 Comparison of
Aristotle’s and Galileo’s
Views of Motion
Aristotle explained the
motion of objects through
logic. Galileo challenged
Aristotle’s views of motion
by thought and actual
experiments. The
differences and similarities
of their views about motion
are summarized in the
table below.

G. Finding practical Activity #3: Title: Motion
applications of Commotion (offline)
concepts and
skills in daily living Problem: What are the
ELABORATE types of motion based on
Galileo’s conceptions?
Hypothesis: There are
Activity #3: Title: Watch INDEPENDENT
out: It is Rolling! (offline) PRACTICE ACTIVITY
In this activity, the Activity #3: Title: Let It
students will confirm if Fall (offline)
force is not necessary to
sustain the horizontal In this activity, the

30
three types of motion
according to Galileo and
these are horizontal
motion, vertical motion,
and projectile motion.
Material:
 Pen and activity sheets
Procedures:
1. Read and analyze each
situation given.
2. Identify what motion
each situation is based on
Galileo’s conceptions?
3. Write your
observations/answers on
the blank spaces provided.
Situation #1.
Type of Motion:
Horizontal Motion
A box sliding on the
floor slowly stops. Why
is this so?
The box stopped sliding
because it was impeded.
Galileo believed that an
object in motion, if
unimpeded, will continue
to be in motion. Therefore,
the box will only stop if it
was impeded.
Situation #2.
Type of Motion:
Projectile Motion
motion of a rolling object
as described by Galileo.
Problem: How did Galileo
explain horizontal motion?
Hypothesis: Galileo
explained horizontal
motion in such a way that
an object in motion, if
unimpeded, will continue
to be in motion. In
contrast to Aristotle, he
noted that an external
force is not necessary to
maintain horizontal
motion.
Materials:
● marbles
● sandpaper
Procedure:
1. Cut the sandpaper into
strips until it reaches a
total length of at
least 0.5 meters.
2. Lay the sandpaper
down on a table. Make
sure that it is fixed.
3. Flick the marbles side
by side. The first marble
should take the sandpaper
path and the other one will
just roll along the smooth
surface of the table. Exert
an equal amount of force
in
pushing the marbles.
4. Observe the motion of
students will determine
the relationship between
the initial
horizontal velocity and
the range of the
projectile.
Problem: What is the
difference between
Newton’s and Galileo’s
assertion on vertical and
horizontal Motion?
Hypothesis: Galileo:
An object traveling
across a horizontal plane
will travel at a constant
velocity
while an object traveling
along a vertical plane will
travel at constant
acceleration.
Newton: An object
traveling across a
horizontal plane will
travel at a constant
velocity
while an object traveling
along a vertical plane will
travel at a constant
velocity unless there is a
net external force that will
be acted on the object
causing it to accelerate.
Materials:
● marble
● carbon paper
31
A flying baseball. What
will happen to it? Why?
Possible answer: If not
impeded, the baseball will
continue to fly even
without an applied force
then falls to the ground
because there is a
combination of uniform
motion in the horizontal
direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in the
vertical direction.
Situation #3.
Type of Motion:
Vertical Motion
In a vacuum chamber, a
1-kg object and 10-kg
object was dropped at a
certain height and at the
same time. Which object
will reach the ground
first? Why?
In a vacuum chamber,
both the 1kg and 10 kg
objects will reach the
ground at the same time.
Galileo believed that in the
absence of resistance,
objects would fall not
depending on their weight,
but on the time of fall.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the types of
the marbles.
Guide Questions:
1. Did the two marbles
stop?
Yes, the two marbles
stopped.
2. If you are Aristotle,
how will you explain
why the marbles
stopped?
The
marbles stopped because
there is no impetus.
3. If you are Galileo, how
will you explain why the
marbles stopped?
The
marbles stopped because
there is friction.
4. What effect did the
sandpaper do to the
marble?
The sandpaper increased
the friction of the path of
the marble.
5. How did Galileo
explain horizontal
motion?
Galileo explained
horizontal motion in such
a way that an object in
motion, if unimpeded, will
continue to be in motion.
In contrast to Aristotle, he
noted that an external
force is not necessary to
maintain horizontal
● white paper
● meter stick
● inclined plane
Procedure:
1. Set up the materials as
shown below.
2. Let the marble slide on
the inclined plane with
approximately has an
angle of 30 degrees.
3. Look where the ball
spots. On that spot, place
the carbon paper over the
white paper.
4. Measure the horizontal
displacement of the
landing spot from the
edge of the table.
5. Continue doing steps 2
to 4 but changing the
angle of inclination to 45
degrees, 60 degrees, 70
degrees.
6. Answer the guide
questions.
Guide Questions:
1. What happens to the
speed of the marble as
the inclination of the
32
motion based on
Galileo’s conceptions?
There are three types of
motion according to
Galileo and these are
horizontal motion, vertical
motion, and projectile
motion.
2. According to Galileo
what is a vertical
motion?
The vertical motion states
that in the absence of
resistance, objects would
fall not depending on their
weight, but in the time of
fall.
3. How did Galileo define
horizontal and projectile
motion?
Galileo explained
horizontal motion in such
a way that an object in
motion, if unimpeded, will
continue to be in motion.
In contrast to Aristotle, he
noted that an external
force is not necessary to
maintain horizontal
motion. Projectile motion
is a combination of
uniform motion in the
horizontal direction and
uniformly accelerated
motion in the vertical
direction.
motion. plane
increases?
Conclusion: As the inclination
Is your hypothesis increases, the speed of
correct? Why or why not? the ball increases.
What is your conclusion 2. What happens to the
then? Yes. Therefore, I range when the initial
conclude that, object in horizontal velocity
motion if unimpeded, will increases?
continue to be in motion The range increases as
and an external force is the horizontal velocity
not necessary to maintain increases.
horizontal motion. 3. Do you think the
initial horizontal
velocity changes each
time? Why?
No, the
the horizontal velocity is
constant each time
because there is no force
acting on an object along
the x-axis.
4. Did the projectile
accelerate? How can
you say so?
Yes, the projectile
accelerated because it
fell to the ground.
5. What is the
difference between
Newton’s and Galileo’s
assertion on vertical
and horizontal Motion?
Galileo: An object
traveling across a
horizontal plane will
travel at a constant
33
 velocity
Conclusion: while an object traveling
Is your hypothesis correct? along a vertical plane will
Why or why not? What is travel at constant
your conclusion then? acceleration.
Yes. Therefore, I conclude Newton: An object
that Galileo introduced traveling across a
vertical, horizontal, and horizontal plane will
projectile motion. travel at a constant
velocity
while an object traveling
along a vertical plane will
travel at a constant
velocity unless there is a
net external force that will
be acted on the object
causing it to accelerate.

Conclusion:
Is your hypothesis
correct? Why or why not?
What is your conclusion
then? Yes. Therefore, I
conclude that Galileo and
Newton had different
assertions on the vertical
and horizontal motion.
H. Making Comparison of Summary:  What does the first
generalization and Aristotle’s and Galileo’s a. Galileo believed that law of Newton’s law
abstractions about Views of Motion the vertical motion of state?
the lesson objects was downward The first Newton’s
ELABORATE Aristotle explained the law, the law of inertia
due to gravity. He
states that; “A body at
believed that objects
rest remains at rest,
fall at the same rate and body already in
even if they have motion remains in
different weights.
34
motion of objects through
logic. Galileo challenged
Aristotle’s views of motion
by thought and actual
experiments. The
differences and similarities
of their views about motion
are summarized in the
table below.
c. Galileo explained
d. Galileo also noted that
b. According to him, in motion with a
the absence of air constant speed and
resistance, objects direction, in the
absence of an
would fall not
unbalanced applied
depending on their force”.
weight but depending
on the time of fall. For  What is horizontal
example, without any motion?
air resistance, a 1-kg Is a motion that an
and a 10-kg object will object is unaffected
fall on the ground at by the force of gravity
for relatively short
the same time displacement. This
considering they are means that horizontal
released from the velocity is constant.
same height.  What is vertical
motion?
horizontal motion in Referred to as the
such a way that an movement of the
object against the
object in motion, if
gravitational pull. It is
unimpeded, will a motion that is
continue to be in perpendicular to the
motion. He noted that straight or flat surface
an external force is not and it can be a
necessary to maintain straight upward and
downward motion.
horizontal motion. Most
of Galileo’s ideas came Vertical and Horizontal
from his “thought forces cause an object
experiments”. to:
if an object  Forces causing an
encountered a resistive object to start moving
 Forces causing an
35
force from a fluid object to stop moving:
greater than or equal  Forces causing an
to its weight, the object object to change
will slow down and direction.
move uniformly until it
stops. Consider a
stone dropped in the Galileo’s Assertion on
ocean. The stone will Horizontal Motion. Early
sooner or later travel at experiments on motion
a constant speed until started with Galileo
it reaches the bottom Galilei, an Italian
of the ocean and scientist.
stops.
A. He conducted
experiments on motion
and identified two types:
natural horizontal motion
and natural vertical
motion. Consider a ball
rolling off a table. Based
on Galileo, the ball’s
motion has both natural
horizontal motion and
natural vertical motion as
can be seen in Fig. 1.

B. Galileo further
conducted experiments
on the motion of a ball.
He used
inclined planes, and hard
and smooth surfaces to
36
observe its motion. First,
he rolled the ball from
one inclined plane to
another inclined plane.
He then
observed that the ball
almost reached the
height from which it was
released,
as shown below.
C. Second, he varied the
steepness of the second
inclined plane. He then
found
out that even if the
steepness of the second
inclined plane is
decreased, the
the ball would still reach
the same height it
reached in the first
experiment, as
shown.

D. Lastly, Galileo
removed the second
inclined plane and
watched the ball. He
observed the ball and
concluded that the ball
would continue to
move in a straight line
with constant speed.

37
E. Galileo concluded that
in the absence of friction
between the object and
the air or the surface, a
ball rolling down an
inclined plane would
continue to roll
indefinitely. According to
him, an object moving
along a horizontal plane
would continue to move
with a constant velocity
without the need for a
consistent force to
sustain its motion.

F. At this point, Galileo

unknowingly discovered
inertia - where objects
tend to
remain at rest or in
constant motion unless
acted upon by an
external force.
He also stated that an
object moving vertically
would accelerate at a
constant
rate.
G. In general, Galileo
described that objects
moving vertically and
horizontally
behave differently.
According to him, an
object in horizontal
motion has a constant
38
velocity. Moreover, an
object in vertical motion
has a constant
acceleration.

What makes the

findings of Galileo
different? from the
findings of Newton?
A. Isaac Newton also
investigated motion
and came up with an
almost similar
interpretation as
Galileo’s. Newton also
pointed out that an
object in horizontal
motion has a constant
velocity, as stated by
Galileo. However, for
an object in a vertical
motion, Newton
claimed that it has a
constant velocity as
well.

B. He further explained
that an object will only
accelerate when a
force is applied to it.
Thus, in the absence
of the downward force
that pulls things down
to Earth, an object will
travel with constant
velocity along the
direction where it is
39
 propelled.

C. Thus, Newton
believed that the
velocities of objects
are constant in both
horizontal motion and
vertical motion unless
these objects are
acted upon by an
external force.
Newton used Galileo’s
ideas and applied
them to explain the
motion of everyday
objects. He further
developed his ideas
on motion and later
came up with his
three laws of motion.
I. Evaluating Directions: Read the Directions: Read the Directions: Read the
learning questions carefully and questions carefully and questions carefully and
EVALUATE choose the best answer. choose the best answer. choose the best answer.
Write the letter of your Write the letter of your Write the letter of your
answer before each answer before each answer before each
number. number. number.

___1. What motion
requires a force as
classified by Aristotle?
A. natural motion
B. violent motion
C. projectile motion
D. vertical motion
____2. What is described
as any motion that an
object does naturally –
____1. According to
Galileo’s views, do you
need a force to sustain
horizontal motion?
A. Yes, force is needed.
B. No, force is not needed.
C. Yes, the amount of
force depends on the kind
of object
___1. What does the first
law of Newton state?
A. the law of acceleration
states that “A body at rest
remains at rest, and body
already in motion remains
in motion with a constant
speed and direction, in
the absence of an
unbalanced applied force
40
without being forced?
A. horizontal motion
B. projectile motion
C. violent motion
D. natural motion
____3. Which are Galileo’s
views about motion?
A. Heavier objects fall
faster than lighter objects if
there is no resistance.
B. Objects will continue to
be in uniform motion if
unimpeded.
C. Objects move because
of their elemental
composition.
D. Violent motion is
caused by an external
force.
___4. Which is true about
the projectile of an arrow
when shot?
A. It has a continuously
applied force from the
person who shot the
arrow.
B. It creates a vacuum that
sucks air in, and the air
pushes the arrow.
C. It rises because arrows
are mostly air.
D. It has both uniform
motion and uniformly
accelerating motion.
___5. Which will reach the
floor of the vacuum
chamber first, a sheet of
D. No, horizontal motion
cannot be achieved.
____2. Are parachutes
effective in slowing down
a skydiver’s fall? Why or
why not?
A. Yes, because
parachutes are light.
B. Yes, because
parachutes apply an
impetus to the skydiver.
C. Yes, because
parachutes are slowed
down by air.
D. Yes, because
parachutes' natural
tendency is to move
slowly.
____3. According to a
legend, which of the
following scientists
dropped cannonballs at
the leaning tower of Pisa
and inferred that objects in
vacuum fall with uniform
acceleration?
A. Aristotle
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Copernicus
____4. What
experimentation did
Galileo try to conduct
when he dropped objects
with different weights?
A. acceleration of a falling
object
B. the law of inertia states
that “A body at rest does
not remain at rest, and
body already in motion
remains in motion with a
constant speed and
direction, in the absence
of an unbalanced applied
force
C. the law of inertia
states that; “A body at
rest remains at rest, and
body already in motion
remains in motion with a
constant speed and
direction, in the absence
of an unbalanced applied
force
D. none of the above
____2. According to
Galileo, what happens
when an object moves
vertically?
A. The acceleration of
the moving object
remains constant.
B. The velocity of the
moving object
remains constant.
C. The velocity of the
moving object
changes depending
on the force needed
to sustain its motion.
D. The acceleration of
the moving object
41
paper, or a bowling ball? B. vertical density of falling increases with the
(According to Galileo's objects increase in force
view) B. uniform motion of falling sustaining its motion.
A. The bowling ball will objects ____3. According to
reach the vacuum D. attraction of falling Galileo, what happens
chamber. objects when an object moves
B. The sheet of paper will ____5. Which of the horizontally?
reach the vacuum following is true about the A. The velocity of the
chamber. acceleration of balls rolling moving object
C. They will reach the floor down an inclined plane? remains constant.
at the same time. A. The acceleration is B. The acceleration of
D. They will not reach the increasing. the moving object
floor and will be sucked in B. The acceleration is remains constant.
the vacuum. uniform. C. The velocity of the
C. The acceleration moving object
Answer Key: decreases. changes depending
1. B D. The acceleration on the force needed
2. D depends on the ball's to sustain its motion.
3. D mass. D. The acceleration of
4. D the moving object
5. C Answer Key: increases with the
1. B increase in force
2. C sustaining its motion.
3. B ___4. What was
4. A Newton’s conception of
5. B motion?
A. The velocity is
constant for both
horizontal and vertical
motion, and
acceleration happens
when force is applied.
B. The acceleration is
constant for both
horizontal and vertical
motions, and the
velocity depends on
42
 the force applied.
C. The acceleration of
the object moving
vertically is constant
regardless of the force
applied on the object.
D. The velocity of the
object moving
horizontally is
changing depending
on the force applied to
the object.
_____5. What is the
difference between
Galileo’s and Newton’s
findings regarding vertical
and horizontal motions?
A. Galileo stated that
only objects moving
horizontally have
constant velocity while
Newton believed that
objects moving
horizontally and
vertically are moving
with constant velocity.
B. Galileo stated that
only objects moving
vertically have
constant velocity while
Newton believed that
objects moving
horizontally and
vertically are moving
with constant velocity.
C. Galileo stated that
objects moving
43
 horizontally and
vertically are moving
with constant velocity,
while Newton believed
that only objects
moving horizontally
are moving with
constant velocity.
D. Galileo stated that
objects moving
horizontally and
vertically are moving
with constant velocity,
while Newton believed
that only objects
moving vertically are
moving with constant
velocity.

Answer Key:
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
J. Additional ACTIVITY #4: Naturally Activity #4: Title:
activities for accelerated Motion. Motions in action
application or (offline)
remediation PROBLEM: How object in
EXTEND the vacuum falls with Problem: What are the
uniform acceleration? two types of motions and
HYPOTHESIS: A falling What are the causes that
body accelerates make the object move?
uniformly: it picks up Hypothesis: Vertical
equal amounts of speed in motion and
equal time intervals, so horizontal motions and
that, if it falls from rest, it these cause an object to
44
is moving twice as fast
after two seconds as it
was moving after one
second, and moving three
times as fast after three
seconds as it was after
one second.
MATERIALS:
Set A 1. Water
2.Feather
Set B. 1. Ball
2. Ramp
Procedure:
1. Drop a chicken feather
5 meters away unto a tab
with water. What are your
observations with the
speed falls to the tab with
water?
2. Drop the ball into the
water or Slowing down
into the ramp. What are
your observations with the
motions of the ball?
Figure No. 2 RAMP
It will be observed if a ball
rolls down a ramp which is
smoothly connected to
another steeper upward
ramp, that is, the ball will
roll up the second ramp to
start moving, to stop
moving, and to change in
direction.
Materials:
(Different activities
showing motions)
a. pushing a cart
b. catching a ball
c. blowing across rising
smoke
d. lifting a sack of rice
e. braking of a moving
car
f. hitting a baseball with a
bat
g. throwing a ball
h. throwing darts on a
dartboard
i. steering a moving boat
Procedure:
1. Categorized the
following forces above as
to a force causing an
object to start moving, a
force that causes an
object to stop moving and
a force that cause an
object to change
direction.
Guide Questions:
1. From the activities
listed above what are
the forces that cause an
object to move, to stop
a moving object and
force that can change
direction?
45
a level essentially equal to
the level it started at, even
though the two ramps
have different slopes. It
will then continue to roll
backward and forwards
between the two ramps,
eventually coming to rest
because of friction, air
resistance, etc.
Figure No: 3 SLOWING
DOWN THE MOTION
Guide questions:
1. What are your
observations with the
speed of chicken feather
freely fall into the tab
with water?
The motion must
somehow be slowed
down. Of course, some
falling motions are
naturally slow, such as a
feather, or something not
too heavy falling through
water. Watching these
Forces causing an
object to start moving:
pushing a cart, lifting a
sack of rice, and throwing
a ball.
Forces causing an
object to stop moving:
catching a ball, braking of
a moving car, and
throwing darts on a
dartboard.
Forces causing an object
to change direction:
blowing across rising
smoke, hitting a baseball
with a bat and
steering a moving boat.
2. What is vertical
motion?
Referred to as the
movement of the object
against the gravitational
pull. It is a motion that is
perpendicular to the
straight or flat surface
and it can be a straight
upward and downward
motion.
3. What is horizontal
motion?
Is a motion that an object
is unaffected by the force
of gravity for relatively
short displacement This
means that horizontal
velocity is constant.
46
motions, one sees that
after being dropped the
body rapidly gains a
definite speed.
2. How could Galileo
measure the speed of a
falling stone twice
during the fall and make
the comparison?
a. The natural motion of
heavy objects falling to
earth, Aristotle asserted
that the speed of fall was
proportional to the weight
and inversely proportional
to the density of the
medium the body was
falling through.
 b. Unnatural (or
“violent”) motion is
when something is being
pushed, and in this case,
the speed of motion is
proportional to the force of
the push. (This was
probably deduced from
watching oxcarts and
boats.)  because like the truck
3. How does the speed
vary during the fall?
It is moving twice as fast
as two seconds.
4. What is the purpose
of slowing down the
motion by dropping the
ball into the water or the
RAMP?
Conclusions:
Is your hypothesis
correct? Why or why not?
What is your conclusion
then?
Therefore, I conclude
that vertical and
horizontal motions can
cause an object to start
moving, to stop moving,
and to change in
direction.
ACTIVITY #5: Title:
Newton’s First law of
motion and Galileo’s
Assertion on Inertia
(offline)
Problem: Can you apply
Galileo’s assertion that
force is not necessary to
sustain horizontal motion
in your daily activities?
Why?
Hypothesis: No,
running in a horizontal
direction, it must be
braked by the driver to
stop to avoid the accident
This applies the law of
inertia by Newton that an
unbalanced force must
be exerted to sustain the
motion of an object.
47
So that speeds can be
measured. Galileo’s idea
for slowing down the
motion was to have a ball
roll down a ramp rather
than to fall vertically.
5. What is your
observation with the
movements of the ball
as the ball drops slowly
into the Ramp?
It moves slowly back and
forth like a pendulum.
Conclusion:
Therefore, Galileo’s
concluded that for a ball
rolling down a ramp, the
speed at various heights
is the same as the speed
the ball would have
attained (much more
quickly!) by just falling
vertically from its starting
point to that height. But if
we make the ramp gentle
enough, the motion will be
slow enough to measure.
Materials:
 Any moving objects in
your locality like
 (moving cars while the
driver applies a break.
 jeep
passengers/drivers
using seatbelts.
 ice cream vendor
suddenly stops his
cart when someone
will buy.
 a boy riding his bike.
Procedure:
1. Look at-in your
surroundings and list
down the objects you see
that are moving.
2. List down the objects
you saw moving that
stops without any force
acted on them.
3. List down the objects
you saw moving that
stops with a force acted
on them.
Guide Question:
1. What is the subtle
distinction on Newton’s
law of inertia to
Galileo’s assertion that
a force is not needed to
sustain the moving
object in a horizontal
direction?
The slight difference is
48
 the exact time and
location where these
objects will stop moving.
In Newton’s perceptions,
we can stop moving
objects if we like at any
time at any particular
Teacher’s Notes: place with an external
Using mathematical force. While in Galileo’s
formula, equations and perception, a moving
graphical method will object in a horizontal
help learners and direction, a force is not
teachers to deepen their necessary to stop it. This
analysis as to the object either will keep on
language of science to moving forever.
give the details 2. What moving objects
Explaining how Galileo that you saw that apply
inferred that objects in Newton’s first law of
vacuum fall with uniform motion?
acceleration and force is Answers may vary.
not necessary to sustain Moving car while the
horizontal motion. driver applies a break,
jeep passengers/driver
using seatbelts an ice
cream vendor suddenly
stops his cart when
someone will buy, a boy
riding his bike.
3. Are unbalanced
forces applied to the
moving objects you
saw?
Yes, because the moving
objects stopped when
being applied with
external force on it.

49
Conclusions:
Is our hypothesis correct?
If yes, why? If no why?
Therefore, what is your
conclusion?
Therefore, I conclude
that most of our daily
activities, the. Newton’s
law is more applicable
than Galileo’s assertion
on the motion.

Introduce the fact that an

object with greater mass
has greater inertia and an
object with smaller mass
has less inertia

You must perform this

activity to visualize the
relationship of Mass and
Inertia and as your guide
for the next activity which
is an evaluation.
ACTIVITY #6: Title:
Mass and Inertia
(offline)

Problem: Which requires

greater force, a truck, or
a bicycle? Why?
Hypothesis: Truck
requires greater force
than a bicycle because it
has a greater mass.
Materials:
50
 Camera
 Notepad
 pen
Procedure:
1. Go to a place in your
locality.
2. Observe the people
and list down the things
that have greater mass
with greater force applied
and a smaller mass with
lesser force applied.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the people’s
activities you have
observed that apply the
fact that the massive of
an object and the
greater inertia it needs
to exert motion?
Answers may vary. Truck
loaded with rice, a small
boy carrying a sack of
rice, a horse loaded with
some sacks of copra.
2. What are the people’s
activities that you saw
that apply the fact that
an object with lesser
mass requires lesser
inertia it needs to
exerts motion?
Answers may vary. A boy
lifting a small bag, a
salesman holding the
shoes, a child riding a

51
 bicycle.
3. Why there is a need
to have greater force on
objects with greater
mass, while only lesser
force to an object with
lesser mass?
The mass of an object is
directly proportional to its
force. A heavier object
requires a greater force
to move while an object
with less mass can move
even with lesser force.
Since if you applied
greater force to an object
with lesser mass it might
be move quickly that is
not expected to happen
like damage.

Conclusions:
Is our hypothesis correct?
If yes, why? If no why?
Therefore, what is your
conclusion?

Therefore, I conclude
that the bigger an object
is, the greater force it
requires to move, and an
object with lesser mass,
requires lesser force.

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
52
A. No. Of learners
who earned 80%
in the evaluation
B. No. Of learners
who require
additional
activities for
remediation who
scored below 80%
C. Did the remedial
lessons work? No.
of learners who
have caught up
with the lesson.
D. No. Of learners
who continue to
require
remediation.
E. Which of my
teaching
strategies worked
well? Why did
these works?
F. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my principal
or supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation
or localized
materials did I
use/discover
which I wish to
share with other
teachers?

53
Prepared by:

54