SANITARY SYSTEM

Two Pipe System 

This is the oldest system in plumbing. It consists of two vertical pipes; one is a soil pipe for
the soil waste and another one is a waste pipe that discharges the water waste from the
building. The soil pipes received the discharge soil from the building then delivered it to the
underground drainage system directly. Apart from that, a waste pipe is to collect the
wastewater from shower tray, WB, and bathtub then send this to the ground level where it is
connected to the drainage. In this two pipe system, the soil water and waste will not be
combined until reaching the below ground drainage. The soil pipes are directly connected to
the drain while the waste pipe is connected through the trapped gully. Besides, all the traps
used in this system are fully ventilated, so it may not have any problem with the ventilation
problem. Since without the proper ventilation, the wastewater in the trap may be siphoned out
from the pipe and cause the gases to enter the home through the entrance of the pipe. Thus,
installing a good ventilation system in the pipe is actually to keep you safe. 

                                  
                                    Figure  Two pipe system (SYSTEM, 2018)

We choose this type of internal sanitary in the building because this type of system is suitable
for high rise buildings. Additionally, this system ensures the segregation of foul sewage from
wastewater. Moveover, there is no danger of backflow of sewage in water fitting if it faces
blockage of soil pipe. It is an important point why we choose two pipe systems since it will
prevent backflow of sewage. If backflow is happening, there might be an effect on our health
since it will contaminate the water supplies with foul water. Last but not least, it enables the
use of waste water directly for irrigation or gardening.

INTERNAL DRAINAGE
There are few types of drainage in the bathroom for example point drains with the floor drain
pipe, wash basin with the drain pipe and the water closet with the soil pipe.

                   
                       Figure  Internal Drainage (2010)

 First, point drains is a surface system that requires the floor to slope in the direction of the
drain. These drains collect the water at a single point in order to discharge the waste water to
the floor drain pipe then down to the underground drainage system. Point drain is the most
common drain used in the bathroom since it is usually placed at the edge of the bathroom so
that it can save a lot of space. Presently, there is a type of point drain which is tile insert point
drain. This type of point drain is visually appealing as it is less noticeable than the old
version. Besides, it is cost effective in installation. Moreover, they can be installed in various
applications because it is not only for bathrooms, but also for kitchen, boundary, laundry and
so on. By using tile insert point drain, the odours of the floor waste will be reduced since
there is less drain smell at the  bathroom. Lastly, it is easy to clean. The tile insert at the point
drain is able to be removed to allow for easy cleaning of hair and dust around the drain. 
                                    
                               Figure   Tile insert point drain (The Plumbette, 2020) 
                                     
Second, a wash basin is usually used to transfer our daily life's wastewater like the water we
use for cleansing our dishes, the water we wash the ingredients and others to the drain pipe
and then to the underground drainage system. There are few types of drain pipes, that are
copper pipe, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, galvanized steel pipe and so on. In this building,
we prefer to use PVC drain pipe since it is durable. As we know PVC will not rust or
corrosion so it really can last definitely unless it experiences some unexpected damage. Next,
it has the ability to withstand high pressure so it is suitable to mede drain pipe. Apart from
that, it is easy to use because PVC is the materials that is lightweight therefore it is easy to
use when transport and work. Lastly, PVC is low cost material so we can get it easily. Hence,
through all of this advantages I think PVC is the best choice to make a drain pipe. 

                                                  
                         Figure Basin’s PVC drain pipes (Mr Rooter Plumbing, 2021)

The last one is the water closet with the soil pipe. The soil pipe will help us to transfer the
excrement down to the drainage system. Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) is the
most common use in making soil pipes since it is high durability and resistant to water.
Furthermore, it is also low in cost so it is best for the budget in construction. Lastly, UPVC is
lighter compared to metal pipes. In short, using UPVC to make soil pipes is the suitable
choice for the construction.

                                       
                                      Figure  UPVC soil pipe (Faboticx,2021)

External Drainage
Rainwater Harvesting 
Rainwater harvesting as known as rainwater collection system is defined as the collection and
storage of rainwater for later production use. In this system there are three components, it is
catchment, conveyance and filter and storage. Catchment is the surface that receives
rainwater and provides it to the system directly. Next, conveyance is the fancy word for
gutter. This is usually placed at the edge of the sloping roof to collect and transport the
rainwater to the storage tank. Besides, a filter is used to remove the pollutants from the
rainwater and the storage is the most important part which is used to store the rainwater that
is collected from the roof. 

We choose rainwater harvesting as our building external drainage system since it can prevent
urban flooding. Other than that, it can reduce water demand as the rainwater is able to be
reused for some tasks in life such as irrigation, cleansing, toilet flushing and so on.At the
same time, it also can reduce the water bill. Moreover, it also can reduce energy demand
because lesser energy consumption is required for the water requirement. By using this
system, we will be able to get an excellent source of water for plants and irrigation for
landscape because it has no chemicals in the rainwater.With the information above, I think
rainwater harvesting is the most suitable external drainage system in the construction. 
                         
Figure  Rainwater Harvesting (Pinterest, n.d.) 
Reference 
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