IMPRESSION

MATERIALS
Dr.shilan hameed fatah
M.Sc in prosthodontics
Impression

defined as a “Negative” replica (registration) of a

“tooth &/or other oral structures” made in plastic
material which become relatively hard or set while
in contact with these tissues.
Impression
• The impression is poured with cast material
(model plaster or stone) to yield a “positive”
replica or record of the oral structures. This
record is called cast, model or die which allows
for the indirect restoration or dental appliance to
be fabricated without the patient present
Uses of Impression Materials

1- Indirect restorations:
Crowns & bridges , Removable prostheses
Temporary crowns, inlays and onlays
2- Orthodontic & Dental appliances
3- Acrylic trays
4- Bite registration
5- Study models
 Definitions
• Working time of IM: a period from the start of
mixing to the final time at which the impression
can be seated in the mouth without its
distortion.
• Setting time of IM: a period from the start of
mixing till the impression becomes elastic
enough to resist deformation during its
withdrawal from the mouth
 Impression Trays

Used to carry the material to patient’s mouth

Must be strong enough to support the material
Need to be disposed or sterilized after use
Metallic trays are autoclavable
Stock trays available: full arch, quadrant
Custom trays made of acrylic for most accuracy
Perforated trays have holes for retention of
material
Classification Of IM
 Non Elastic Impression
Materials
• Rigid
• Cannot be used with undercuts
• Restricted use
• For making impressions of edentulous arch
(primary or final) and bite registration
Elastic Impression Materials

• Flexible & “rubbery”

• Used with undercuts
• Generally widely used today
• For making impression of dentate arch, partial
and complete edentulous arches (primary or
final) and bite registration.
 Impression Plaster

• Irreversible inelastic IM. It is type I gypsum

product (ß-calcium sulphate hemihydrate).
• Form: Fine pink powder
• Manipulation: mixed with water to get a smooth
paste that is set within seconds in mouth
temperature
 Properties

• 1.Accurate and record fine details so it is used

for final impression.
• 2.Used with custom tray
• 3.Very brittle, fracture easily
• 4.Rarely used nowadays due to its brittleness
 Impression Compound

• Reversible inelastic IM. It is a thermoplastic

material (softens when heated to 50º C and
hardens on cooling) Physical change only; NO
chemical reaction
 Uses
• 1. making impressions of edentulous ridge,
• 2. tooth impression in a copper band
• 3. Used as a custom tray
• 4. Border extensions
• 5. Border seal
Old fashioned –not frequently used
 Impression Compound

• Manipulation:
• 1. Soften in water bath (10°warmer than body)
• 2. Applied to tray and inserted in mouth to cool
 Zinc Oxide Eugenol(ZOE)

• form: 2 Pastes (BASE + CATALYST) mixed together

to start a chemical reaction
• Used with custom tray to make
• 1. final impression of edentulous arch.
• 2. bite registration
 HYDROCOLLOIDS

• Hydro= water-based
• Colloid = liquid suspension of particles
• Liquid = water
• GEL–the rubber-like form of the material
• SOL–the material in liquid solution
 HYDROCOLLOIDS

• Reversible hydrocolloid: material that changes its

physical state from gel to sol on heating and then
back to gel on cooling.
• Irreversible hydrocolloid: Material that cannot
return to a solution state after it becomes a gel.
 HYDROCOLLOIDS

• They should be poured immediately because

their dimensional instability due to occurring of
two phenomena:
• 1. SYNERESIS: shrinkage in hydrocolloid
impression due to loss of water by heat or
exposure to air.
• 2. IMBIBITION: swelling of hydrocolloid
impression due to taking up moisture.
 Agar

• Elastic Reversible Hydrocolloid, a gelatinous

material derived from sea weed & kelp
suspended in water
• Properties:
• 1. Thermoplastic –NO chemical reaction
• 2. Require special equipment's.
 Alginate

• Elastic irreversible Hydrocolloid, very widely and

easily used IM.
• Form: Powder dispensed in cans or bulk
packages
• Uses: with perforated stock tray for primary
impression
Considerations with Alginate

• 1.Cooler water can increase the setting time if

additional time is needed for the procedure.
• 2.Warmer water can reduce or shorten the
setting time of the procedure.
Have A nice Day