Properties of Bolts

Shear Strength Rsh

-bolt grades 4.6, 5.6 and 8.8
qb = 0.25 Fub
- bolt grades 4.8, 5.8 , 6.8, and
10.9
qb = 0.2 Fub
-Rsh = qb . As .n
Bearing Strength Rb
Rb = Fb .d. min Σ t
Fb = α Fu
Number of loading cycles –Roadway Bridges Check of local buckling
For web
Compact :
Bending dw / tw≤127/√Fy
Compression dw / tw≤58/√Fy
Noncompact
Bending dw/tw≤190/√Fy
Compression dw/tw≤64/√Fy
For flange
Compact (rolled) c/tf ≤ 16.9/√Fy
Compact (welded) c/tf ≤ 15.3/√Fy
Non-compact c/tf ≤ 23/√Fy

Allowable buckling stress in shear (qb)

α≤1 Kq=4+(5.34/α2)
Number of loading cycles – Railway Bridges α>1 Kq=5.34+(4/α2)
where : α=d1/d , d1= spacing of
transverse stiffener , d= web section
height
λq=((d/tw)/57)x√(Fy/Kq)
The buckling shear stress is
For λq ≤0.8 qb=0.35Fy
0.8<λq≤1.2 qb=(1.5-
0.625λq)(0.35Fy)
λq >1.2 qb=(0.9/λq)(0.35Fy)

Clearance in holes for fasteners

1mm for M12 and M14
2mm for M16 upto M24
3MM for M27 and larger

Allowable stress in axial compression

λ≤100

Allowable stress Range (Fsr) for number of constant

stress Cycles (N)

λ>100
Fc=7500/λ2

For intermediate stiffener

Cs=0.65((0.35Fy/qb) -1)Qact
 B.F.I

Area h b s t Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry
SEC
NO 2 4 3 4 3
cm mm mm mm mm cm cm cm cm cm cm
300 149 300 300 11.0 19.0 25170 1680 13.00 8560 571 7.58
320 161 320 300 11.5 20.5 30820 1930 13.80 9240 616 7.57
340 171 340 300 12.0 21.5 36660 2160 14.60 9690 646 7.53
360 181 360 300 12.5 22.5 43190 2400 15.50 10140 676 7.49
400 198 400 300 13.5 24.0 57680 2880 17.10 10820 721 7.40
450 218 450 300 14.0 26.0 79890 3550 19.10 11720 781 7.33
500 239 500 300 14.5 28.0 107200 4290 21.20 12620 842 7.27
550 254 550 300 15.0 29.0 136700 4970 23.20 13080 872 7.17
600 270 600 300 15.5 30.0 171000 5700 25.20 13530 902 7.08
650 286 650 300 16.0 31.0 210600 6480 27.10 13980 932 6.99
700 306 700 300 17.0 32.0 256900 7340 29.00 14440 963 6.87
800 334 800 300 17.5 33.0 359100 9890 32.80 14900 994 6.68
900 371 900 300 18.5 35.0 494100 10980 36.50 15820 1050 6.53
1000 400 1000 300 19.0 36.0 644700 12890 40.10 16280 1090 6.38

C-CHANNEL
SEC AREA h b s t=r1 ey Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry
NO cm2 mm mm mm mm cm cm4 cm3 cm cm4 cm3 cm
100 13.50 100 50 6.0 8.5 1.55 206 41.2 3.91 29.3 8.49 1.47
120 17.00 120 55 7.0 9.0 1.60 364 60.7 4.62 43.2 11.1 1.59
140 20.40 140 60 7.0 10.0 1.75 605 86.4 5.45 62.7 14.8 1.75
160 24.00 160 65 7.5 10.5 1.84 925 116 6.21 85.3 18.3 1.89
180 28.00 180 70 8.0 11.0 1.92 1350 150 6.95 114 22.4 2.02
200 32.20 200 75 8.5 11.5 2.01 1910 191 7.70 148 27.0 2.14
220 37.40 220 80 9.0 12.5 2.14 2690 245 8.48 197 33.6 2.30
240 42.30 240 85 9.5 13.0 2.23 3600 300 9.22 248 39.6 2.42
260 48.30 260 90 10.0 14.0 2.36 4820 371 9.99 317 47.7 2.56
280 53.30 280 95 10.0 15.0 2.53 6280 448 10.90 399 57.2 2.74
300 58.80 300 100 10.0 16.0 2.70 8030 535 11.70 495 67.8 2.90
320 75.80 320 100 14.0 17.5 2.60 10870 679 12.10 597 80.6 2.81
350 77.30 350 100 14.0 16.0 2.40 12840 734 12.90 570 75.0 2.72
380 80.40 380 102 13.5 16.0 2.38 15760 829 14.00 615 78.7 2.77
400 91.50 400 110 14.0 18.0 2.65 20350 1020 14.90 846 102 3.04

BUCKLING FOR TRUSS

I.P.E
AREA h b s t Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry
SEC
NO cm 2
mm mm mm mm cm 4
cm 3
cm cm 4
cm 3
cm
120 13.20 120 64 4.4 6.3 318 53.0 4.90 27.7 8.65 1.45
140 16.40 140 73 4.7 6.9 541 77.3 5.74 44.9 12.3 1.65
160 20.10 160 82 5.0 7.4 869 109 6.58 68.3 16.7 1.84
180 23.90 180 91 5.3 8.0 1320 146 7.42 101 22.2 2.05
200 28.50 200 100 5.6 8.5 1940 194 8.26 142 28.5 2.24
220 33.40 220 110 5.9 9.2 2770 252 9.11 205 37.3 2.48
240 39.10 240 120 6.2 9.8 3890 324 9.97 284 47.3 2.69
270 45.90 270 135 6.6 10.2 5790 429 11.20 420 62.2 3.02
300 53.80 300 150 7.1 10.7 8360 557 12.50 604 80.5 3.35
330 62.60 330 160 7.5 11.5 11770 713 13.70 788 98.5 3.55
360 72.70 360 170 8.0 12.7 16270 904 15.00 1040 123 3.79
400 84.50 400 180 8.6 13.5 23130 1160 16.50 1320 146 3.95
450 98.80 450 190 9.4 14.6 33740 1500 18.50 1680 176 4.12
500 116.00 500 200 10.2 16.0 48200 1930 20.40 2140 214 4.31
550 134.00 550 210 11.1 17.2 67120 2440 22.30 2670 254 4.45
600 156.00 600 220 12.0 19.0 92080 3070 24.30 3390 308 4.66

UNEQUAL ANGLES
a b s Area ex ey Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry Iu ru Iv rv
2 4 3 4 3 4 4
mm mm mm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm
8 15.50 3.83 1.87 226 27.6 3.82 80.8 13.2 2.29 261 4.10 45.8 1.72
10 19.10 3.92 1.95 276 34.1 3.80 98.1 16.2 2.27 318 4.07 56.1 1.71
120 80
12 22.70 4.00 2.03 323 40.4 3.77 114 19.1 2.25 371 4.04 66.1 1.71
14 26.20 4.08 2.10 368 46.4 3.75 130 22.0 2.23 421 4.01 75.8 1.70
8 15.10 4.56 1.37 263 31.1 4.17 44.8 8.7 1.72 280 4.31 28.6 1.38
130 65 10 18.60 4.65 1.45 321 38.4 4.15 54.2 10.7 1.71 340 4.27 35.0 1.37
12 22.10 4.74 1.53 376 45.5 4.12 63.0 12.7 1.69 397 4.24 41.2 1.37
10 21.20 4.15 2.18 358 40.5 4.11 141 20.6 2.58 420 4.46 78.5 1.93
130 90
12 25.10 4.84 2.26 420 48.0 4.09 165.0 24.4 2.56 492 4.43 92.6 1.92
9 19.50 5.28 1.57 455 46.8 4.83 78.3 13.2 2.00 484 4.98 50.0 1.60
150 75
11 23.60 5.37 1.65 545 56.6 4.80 93.0 15.9 1.98 578 4.95 59.8 1.59
10 24.20 4.80 2.34 552 54.1 4.78 198 25.8 2.86 637 5.13 112 2.15
150 100 12 28.70 4.89 2.42 650 64.2 4.76 232 30.6 2.84 749 5.10 133 2.15
14 33.20 4.97 2.50 744 74.1 4.73 264 35.2 2.82 856 5.07 152 2.14
10 23.20 5.63 1.69 611 58.9 5.14 104 16.5 2.12 648 5.29 67.0 1.70
160 80 12 27.50 5.72 1.77 720 70.0 5.11 122 19.6 2.10 763 5.26 78.9 1.69
14 31.80 5.81 1.85 823 80.7 5.09 139 22.5 2.09 871 5.23 90.5 1.69