Zhang Lin

Steel Structure of the
Beijing New Airport

Terminal Building
Beijing Institute of Architectural Design
北京新机场航站楼结构设计
Contents
1. Project overview
2. Structural system
3. Structural features
4. Calculation results of the central area steel
structure
5. Vibration isolation design
6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

7. Analysis of the overall steel structure bearing
capacity of the central hall
8. Analysis of progressive collapse prevention of
the central hall
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
⚫Located at the intersection of Lixian Town and Yufa Town of Daxing District
in Beijing and Guangyang District of Langfang City in Hebei Province
⚫ The Beijing New Airport is 46km away from Tiananmen Square, 67km from
Capital Airport and 85km from Tianjin Airport
Project Overview
Terminal & Transfer Center
Rail transport
Refrigeration station
Comprehensive Service Building
Parking building
map of different projects

⚫ Covering an area of about 270,000 square meters, the total building area of the terminal and
the transfer center is about 800,000 square meters
⚫ The overall configuration is enclosed in a perfect circle with a diameter of 1200 meters
⚫ Consist of a central hall and five piers
⚫ The narrowest part of the hall is about 350 meters
⚫ The pier is about 400 meters in length, 44 meters at its narrowest part, and 120 meters wide
at the end.
⚫ The height of the center of
the roof and the northern
canopy is 49.5 meters
⚫ Elevations of the five piers
range from 19m to 24.5m
Solar panels Strip skylight dot skylight Central skylight metal decorated roof
Roof(350,000 square meters of projected area ）
Glass curtain walls（88,100 square meters ）
Boarding bridge Vertical glass Inwardly tilted Roof eaves and apron aluminum
glass curtain wall curtain wall glass curtain wall lower sealing board curtain wall
Front view rendering
Back view rendering
Interior rendering
Interior rendering
Interior rendering
Interior rendering
Project Overview
Elevation 23.5m Elevation 17.5m-19.0m Elevation 8.5m-12.5m Elevation 4.5 ~ 6.5m
Landside mezzanine floor Domestic & international Domestic self-check-in, Domestic mixed flow,
for food and beverage check-in, international security check, domestic baggage claim,
departure clearance international departure arrival hall, international
arrival and transit.
Elevation 0.0
International arrival Elevation-6.50
clearance, baggage claim, Transfer center—rail track hall, Elevation -20.45 ~ -18.25m
arrival hall, VIP lounge, rail station hall, reserved APM, Rail platform
hotel, baggage handling DCV, electromechanical pipe
area, offices, machine room gallery, electromechanical room
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
⚫ 19 structural units in concrete structure
⚫ Reinforced concrete frame structure
⚫ Column grid: 9mx9m, 9mx18m, 18mx18m
⚫ underground expansion joints and settlement joints,
above ground seismic joints
Concrete structure blocks
Central area underground profile
⚫ 6 structural units of steel structure in
total
⚫ Roof support structure
C-column, support tube, support frame, steel pipe
column, curtain wall column
⚫ Roof structure
grid structure of the halls and truss structure
truss structure of the piers
⚫ maximum span of 180m, maximum

cantilever of 47m
⚫ Maximum structural depth of 8m
Steel structure blocks with
large unit size of C area
Axonometric drawing of
the support structure
Support
tube
Steel pipe
column Curtain wall
column
C-column Support
tube
C-column
Support Support
C-column
tube tube
Steel pipe Support
column tube C-column
Curtain wal
Curtain wall column
Support
column
Support tube
tube
Curtain wall
Axonometric drawing of the steel column
roof support in the central area
C-column
Base
elevation Base
19m Base
elevation elevation
12.5m 6.5m
C型柱钢结构近期总图
Overview of the structure
C-column structural
layout and transfer at
different heights
Floor plan of the
steel structure
Axonometric drawing
of the steel structure
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
Feature 1: The structure
of the central area is
excessively long and large
⚫ Crack control
⚫ Temperature effect
⚫ Structural twist
Feature 2: Complex steel structure in the central area
⚫ Complex roof support structure
⚫ 8 C-columns, 12 support tubes and north support frame
⚫ 6 internal steel pipe columns, 4 curtain wall columns, and 2
gate head columns
⚫ Complex roof structure
⚫ Large cantilever
⚫ point and strip skylight to reduce structural rigidity
⚫ Complex relationship between the central skylight and the
surrounding structure
Feature 3: Transfer structure
Due to the requirements of the building's shape and functionality, transfer
structure is required:
⚫ RC transfer structure supporting C-columns
⚫ The structural columns of the high-speed rail and subway stations are not
aligned with the ones of the terminal building, thus the structural
columns need to be transferred.
Feature 4: High-speed rail
and subway pass through the
terminal
High-speed rail and subway

stations are located in the
basement of the central area of
the terminal building. For them to
pass through, the following
problems need to be addressed:
⚫ Structural vibration
⚫ Foundation settlement control
⚫ Noise
Feature 5: applying seismic isolation technology
Due to the extra-long, extra-large, and complicated steel structure in the
central area, seismic isolation technology is applied in the central area.
The isolation layer is set at ± 0.000.
A combination of base isolation and interlamination isolation
cross-section diagram of the vibration isolation layer structure

Photo of Kunming Airport at night Photo of the seismic isolation layer
Cross-section schematic diagram

Haikou Airport rendering
Schematic diagram of the isolation layer layout
Profile of the central aera

Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
Roof structure - dead load + live load deflection
Truss deflection on the main force path

maximum vertical deformation 141mm
torsional span ratio 1/781
maximum deformation 378mm,

torsional span ratio 1/324;
cantilever end deflection 118mm, central net shell deflation
torsional span ratio 1/286 maximum deformation
201mm,torsional span ratio 1/943
Side shift of roof supporting structure under wind load
Maximum side
Type of supporting
wind direction shift ratio at the Control limit
structure
top of columns
Positive X direction 1/1977
Positive Y direction 1/1757
C-column 1/300
Negative X direction 1/1977
Negative Y direction 1/1054
Support tube 1/300
Steel column 1/300
North support Positive Y direction 1/1291
1/300
frame Negative X direction 1/1689
Horizontal deformation of roof structure under
temperature
Horizontal deformation, Vertical deformation,

maximum 101mm maximum 136mm
Dynamic characteristics of non-isolated structures
1st vibration mode T = 1.17s 2nd vibration mode T = 1.15s 10th vibration mode T = 0.96s
mainly Y-direction mainly X-direction translation mainly torsion with vertical
translation accompanied by with vertical vibration and twist vibration
vertical vibration
Side shift of the roof supporting structure-in case of earthquakes
Maximum side shift
Type of supporting Earthquake action
ratio at the top of Control limit
structure direction
columns
0 degree direction 1/1660
C-column 1/500
Support tube 1/500
Steel column 1/500
North support 90 degree direction 1/926
1/500
frame 45 degree direction 1/767
Shear-weight ratio of steel structure,
vertical earthquake action coefficient North support
Total Total
Earthquake
seismic weight of
Earthquak Specifi frame
action e action cation
shear structure/
direction coefficient limit
force/kN kN
0 degrees
26245 0.045
horizontal
0.032
90 degrees 581141
horizontal
25957 0.045
vertical 22815 0.039 /
Steel structure multiple fortification
line analysis
Independent steel
North
Support column,
C-column support
tube Curved edge
frame
curtain wall frame
X direction 12 Support 8 C-columns
29.8% 37.5% 29.8% 2.9%
earthquake tubes
Y direction
earthquake
39.7% 37.1% 20.8% 2.6%
⚫ The C-column, support tube, and north support frame all bear the seismic shear
force greater than 20% of the total seismic force, without adjustment
⚫ Independent steel columns and curved edge curtain wall frames are insufficient
to work as the fortification line for the steel structure under earthquakes
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
Design research
Scope of seismic isolation design

With the most complex functions, the
highest cost, and the largest number of
active personnel, seismic isolation
technology is adopted in the central
area
Isolation design goals
1. Protect the main structure
2. Protect non-structural components
3. Protect the building to be intact
4. Protect the normal functioning of
the equipment in the building after
an earthquake
250
Model No. 200
LNR1200 510 150
LNR1300 82
100
LNR1500 93
50
LRB1200 322
Sliding isolation
111 0
bearing
Total 1118
-50
-100
铅芯橡胶垫LRB1200
-150
普通橡胶垫LNR1200
-200
滑移隔震橡胶支座
-250
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
Isolation layer layout and parameters
General rubber
bearing parameters
Category symbol unit LNR1200 LNR1300 LNR1500
Vertical stiffness Kv kN/mm 4800 5000 5300

Horizontal
Kh kN/mm 2.25 2.48 3.30
stiffness
Total rubber
Tr mm 240 240 240
layer thickness
Total height of
H mm 509 509 509
bearing
Parameters of lead
rubber bearing
Category Symbol Unit LRB1200 Sliding isolation
Kv
Vertical stiffness kN/mm 5000
bearing
Pre-yield stiffness Ku kN/mm 27.95
Post-yield stiffness Kd kN/mm 2.15
Yield force Qd kN 260
Total rubber layer
Tr
thickness mm 24
Total height of bearing H mm 509
Isolation layer layout
and parameters
56 X-direction viscous damper 56 Y-direction viscous damper
Plan A: viscous damper with damping coefficient of 1200kN/(m/s)0.4 and

damping index of 0.4.
Plan B: eddy current damper with damping coefficient of 1200kN/(m/s)1.0 and
damping index of 1.0.
Isolation Objectives
Isolation model
Horizontal earthquake action reduced
Total mass: 1458912 tons
by 1 degree
Mass above the isolation Seismic measures related to horizontal
layer: 1035458 tons earthquake action reduced by 1
degree
Concrete mass: 972,254 Vertical earthquake functions and
tons 94% seismic measures are not reduced
steel structure mass:
63204 tons 6% Computing model
Damping coefficient of concrete structure
4
X向中震减震系数
X-direction damping
coefficient average
3
S0106
S0689
Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Floor4
Non-isolated
nridge
shear force/kN 412420 302736 341979 71595

L0782
L0169
人工波1
2
Isolated shear
人工波2
平均值
force/kN
0.4 144984 82845 51530 10328
damping
1
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
coefficient 0.35 0.27 0.15 0.14
Y向中震减震系数
4
Y-direction damping
coefficient average
S0106
3 S0689 Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Floor4
nridge
Non-isolated
L0782
L0169
shear force/kN
人工波1
367263 275129 277240 85336
2 人工波2
Isolated shear
平均值
0.4
force/kN 138727 79853 50218 13081

1 damping
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
coefficient 0.38 0.29 0.18 0.15

Elastoplastic analysis results of concrete structures during large
earthquakes -- displacement Angle between layers above ±0
Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Floor 44
inter- inter- inter- inter-
lateral lateral lateral lateral
layer /elasticit layer /elasticit layer /elasticit layer /elasticit
shift shift shift shift
lateral y lateral y lateral y lateral y
ratio ratio ratio ratio
shift shift shift shift
S0106 20.7 1/314 1.36 16.8 1/357 1.29 14.9 1/438 1.36 3.8 1/1179 1.27
S0787 23.5 1/277 1.31 19.4 1/310 1.30 16.4 1/397 1.27 4.5 1/996 1.25
X
Artificial
19.1 1/341 0.88 16.1 1/374 0.89 13.9 1/469 0.92 3.8 1/1200 0.91
wave1
max 23.5 1/277 19.4 1/310 16.4 1/397 4.5 1/996
S0106 26.2 1/249 1.44 21.2 1/282 1.40 21.4 1/303 1.51 9.9 1/455 1.39
S0787 27.6 1/236 1.32 23.1 1/259 1.34 19.5 1/333 1.28 9.5 1/475 1.15
Y
Artificial
22.7 1/286 0.89 19.2 1/312 0.93 18.3 1/356 0.97 8.5 1/530 0.91
wave1
max 27.6 1/236 23.1 1/259 21.4 1/303 9.9 1/455
⚫ The maximum inter-layer lateral shift angle occurs

on the first layer
⚫ X direction is 1/277 <1/50
⚫ Y direction is 1/236 <1/50
Result of elastoplastic analysis of concrete structures under
large earthquakes-inter-layer displacement angle below ± 0
Floor -1 Floor -2
inter-layer lateral shift inter-layer lateral shift
/elasticity /elasticity
lateral shift ratio lateral shift ratio
S0106 5.5 1/1091 1.31 4.8 1/2188 1.12
S0787 5.9 1/1017 1.20 4.7 1/2234 1.00
X
人工波1 5.1 1/1176 0.80 5.4 1/1944 0.81
最max 5.9 1/1017 5.4 1/1944
S0106 5.5 1/1091 1.22 2.3 1/4565 1.10
S0787 6.1 1/984 1.20 2.5 1/4200 1.04
Y
人工波1 5.4 1/1111 0.82 2.5 1/4200 0.76
max 6.1 1/984 2.5 1/4200
⚫ Maximum inter-layer displacement angle at floor minus 1

⚫ X direction is 1/1017 <1/277, which is less than 1/3 of the
ground structure
⚫ Y direction is 1/984 <1/236, which is less than 1/3 of the
ground structure
⚫ Stiffness meets embedding requirements
⚫ Maximum inter-layer displacement angle 1/1944 at floor minus 2
Total Shear Force of the Isolation Total Shear Force of Isolation
Layer-X-direction Main Input Layer-Y-direction Main Input
X Y X Y
Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total
shear shear shear shear shear shear shear shear
force ratio ratio ratio force ratio ratio ratio
S0106 941622 0.091 813417 0.079 S0106 798845 0.077 962411 0.093
112052 112659
S0787 0.108 954853 0.092 S0787 949376 0.092 0.109
6 1
nridge 607898 0.059 502262 0.049 nridge 516520 0.050 590445 0.057
128069 109927 108546 129422
L0169 0.124 0.106 L0169 0.105 0.125
8 3 0 6
X X
L0782 678728 0.066 585631 0.057 L0782 578922 0.056 684191 0.066
Artificial 138645 118889 Artificial 117757 139569
0.134 0.115 0.114 0.135
wave 1 1 0 wave 1 5 7
Artificial 121176 107342 Artificial 102286 126153
0.117 0.104 0.099 0.122
wave 2 7 2 wave 2 8 9
103252 104501
Average 0.100 888250 0.086 Average 875652 0.085 0.101
7 4
Horizontal X:Y:Z=1:0.85:0.65 X:Y:Z=0.85:1:0.65

Seismic wave
deformati X Y XY X Y XY
S0106 369 318 487 313 380 491
of large
S0787 458 382 590 388 452 589
seismic nridge 239 206 302 203 233 298
isolation L0169 547 459 697 462 534 694
layer L0782 270 226 344 230 262 341
Artificial wave 1 588 514 764 499 574 750
Artificial wave 2 531 480 697 444 542 685
Average 429 369 554 363 425 550
Shear ratio and damping coefficient of steel structure
Pre-earthquake Post-earthquake Damping
Seismic wave direction Shear force Shear weight Shear force Shear weight
（kN） ratio （kN） ratio coefficient
X 104678 0.169 35930 0.058 0.34
S0106
Y 106481 0.172 32803 0.053 0.31
X 83743 0.135 30942 0.050 0.37
S0689
Y 101652 0.164 33998 0.055 0.33
X 115664 0.187 23831 0.038 0.21
nridge
Y 141000 0.228 26589 0.043 0.19
X 99684 0.161 36341 0.059 0.36
L0169
Y 124501 0.201 34074 0.055 0.27
X 113126 0.183 29574 0.048 0.26
L0782
Y 96878 0.156 30478 0.049 0.31
Artificial wave 1 X 118899 0.192 32009 0.052 0.27
Artificial wave 2 Y 89478 0.144 31424 0.051 0.35
Average X 80270 0.130 27286 0.044 0.34
Artificial wave 1 Y 89936 0.145 29013 0.047 0.32
Artificial wave 2 X 102295 0.165 30845 0.050 0.30
Average Y 107132 0.173 31197 0.050 0.29
Steel structure calculation results - moderate earthquake

Torsion evaluation of
Before isolation
X-direction earthquake
Time difference of Y-direction After isolation

deformation at points 3 and 4
⚫ Non-isolated structure：137.6mm
⚫ Isolated structure ：29.4mm
⚫ The torsional effect of the structure
is significantly reduced after
isolation by about 79%
Large-scale earthquake elastoplastic
displacement angle of the steel structure
⚫ With main input in the X direction, the maximum inter-layer displacement angle is 1/418
⚫ With main input in the Y direction, the maximum inter-layer displacement angle is 1/328
Large earthquake Horizontal Shear Force of the Steel Structure

⚫ main input in the X-direction, 9.5%
⚫ main input in the Y-direction, 10.7%
Acceleration on the top of the steel structure
⚫ With main input in the X-direction, the average value of peak acceleration
in the X direction is 1.35 m/s2, and the average value of peak acceleration in
the Y direction is 1.44 m/s2
⚫ With main input in the Y-direction, the average value of peak acceleration
in X direction is 1.17 m/s2, and average value of peak acceleration in Y
direction is 1.63 m/s2
⚫ Compared with the input of vibration peak acceleration of 4m / s2, the
acceleration is significantly reduced after isolation.
displacement of the isolation layer under
temperature load of 44mm
Design research
Analysis of temperature effect

Comparative analysis of temperature effects of isolated and non-
isolated structures
Typical tensile stress of F0 floor in isolated structure Tensile stress of F0 floor in non-isolated structure
Seismic isolation technology not only can reduce the earthquake

action, but also greatly reduce the temperature action of concrete
structures.
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
Content of analysis
⚫ C2 bearing capacity research

⚫Analysis of vertical and horizontal bearing capacity of C2 column
without lateral restraint
⚫Analysis of vertical and horizontal bearing capacity of C2 column with
lateral restraint
⚫ C3 bearing capacity research
⚫Analysis of vertical and horizontal bearing capacity of C3 column
⚫Analysis of the vertical and horizontal bearing capacity of the single-
layer shell under the C3 column without the diagonal web
⚫ The model is applied at 1/350 of the rod length, taking into account
material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity
Schematic diagram of C-column

C-column number
horizontal loading direction
C3 column vertical bearing capacity
⚫ The C3 column is the highest of the four types of C columns
⚫ The C3 column forms a triangular support system through the roof truss
and 2 support tubes, which effectively restrains the torsion of the C
column.
Relationship between C3 column and support tube

C3 column (lower single-layer shell
with diagonal web)
C3 column vertical bearing capacity
⚫ The vertical ultimate bearing capacity is 4.90, and the corresponding
maximum vertical deformation is 0.28m
⚫ Under vertical load, the central truss of C-column is retracted (moved to
the left), and the top truss is expanded (to the right)
⚫ Torsional instability reaches its limit 6.00 荷载
（P/P0）
5.00
4.00
3.00 无初始缺陷
考虑初始缺陷
2.00
1.00
位移（m）
0.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60
C3 column vertical bearing capacity-

deformation curve
Bearing capacity analysis animation
Animation of the whole process analysis of the bearing

capacity when there is a slant bar at the bottom of C3
结论
C3 column horizontal bearing capacity
0度
2.5E+04 P/kN 45度
90度
• Side load capacity remains at about 20000kN with 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 135度
2.0E+04
270 ° inputs The C-column has the lowest side bearing capacity at 45 180度
225度
degrees input. 1.5E+04
270度
315度
1.0E+04
5.0E+03
位移（/m）
0.0E+00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Horizontal bearing capacity-horizontal
deformation curve (no defect)
0度
2.5E+04 P/kN 45度
90度
2.0E+04 135度
180度
225度
1.5E+04
270度
315度
1.0E+04
5.0E+03
位移（/m）
0.0E+00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50
Horizontal bearing capacity-horizontal

Bearing direction and bearing deformation curve (with defects)
capacity of C3 column
C3 column horizontal bearing capacity
• The damage of the support tube is later
than that of the C-type column. After the
C-type column reaches the ultimate
bearing capacity P1u , the support tube as
the second fortification line can continue
to bear the side effect.
C3 column loading direction and horizontal

displacement U1 / U3 (no defect)
C3 column loading direction and horizontal

displacement U2 / U3 (with defects ）
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
⚫Analysis of vertical bearing capacity
⚫Overall structural elastoplasticity
⚫Roof elasticity, support structure elastoplasticity
⚫Horizontal bearing capacity analysis
⚫Overall structural elastoplasticity
⚫Roof elasticity, support structure elastoplasticity
⚫ Model
⚫ Adopt ideal bi-fold line model and consider life and death
elements
⚫ Consider material nonlinearity and geometrical nonlinearity
⚫ Initial defect: applied at 1/350 of the rod length
Vertical bearing capacity of the overall steel structure
1time load vertical deformation cloud map 2 times load vertical deformation cloud map
Maximum deformation 385mm 最大变形797mm）
2.7 times the load vertical deformation cloud map

2.65 times the load vertical deformation cloud map Maximum deformation 2495mm, maximum plastic strain
Maximum deformation 1659mm 0.16
Vertical bearing capacity of the overall steel structure
Black area
indicates vertical
deformation
exceeding 2.5m
2.75 times load vertical deformation cloud map 2.8 times load vertical deformation cloud map
Cross-region component failure
2.9 times load vertical deformation cloud map

The cover structure system fails,
2.85 times load vertical deformation cloud map
Support systems such as support tubes and C-
Most roof structural systems fail
columns are basically intact
Analysis of the vertical bearing capacity of the overall steel structure
Animation of structure collapse process
The black area indicates vertical

deformation exceeding 2.5m
Analysis of vertical bearing capacity of supporting steel structures
The roof material constitutive is adjusted to linear elastic material, and

the supporting system material constituting remains unchanged
Support system numbering diagram

Analysis of vertical bearing capacity of supporting steel structures
⚫ The ultimate bearing capacity of the supporting structure is 3.8 times
(constant + live) load
⚫ C2-C1-C3-C4C-column failure sequence is C2-C1-C3-C4
支承结构反力倍率-位移曲线
C柱反力倍率-分析时长曲线
Vertical bearing capacity of supporting steel structures
1xtime load vertical deformation cloud map 2 times load vertical deformation cloud map
(maximum deformation 385mm) (maximum deformation 796mm)
3 times load vertical deformation cloud map (maximum 3.8 times the load vertical deformation cloud map
deformation 1260mm) (maximum deformation 1898mm)
3.85 times load vertical deformation cloud map (maximum 3.875 times load vertical
deformation 2389mm) deformation cloud map
Black area
indicates vertical
deformation
exceeding 2.5m
3.9 times load vertical deformation cloud map 3.925 times Vertical Load Cloud Deformation
Black area
indicates vertical
deformation
exceeding 2.5m
3.95 times vertical load deformation cloud map 4 times vertical load deformation cloud map
Animation of structural collapse process due to support system failure
Black area indicates vertical

deformation exceeding 2.5m
Horizontal bearing capacity of supporting steel structure
⚫ Consider dead load +0.5 times of live load
⚫ Horizontal bearing capacity analysis is done at every 30 degree angle
Schematic diagram of horizontal loading direction

Horizontal bearing capacity of supporting steel structures-all
supporting systems are elastoplastic
with X direction input, the overall vertical deformation cloud image of
the steel structure in the C area
Overall D + 0.5L load vertical Vertically deformed cloud image

deformation cloud map at 1g horizontal acceleration
Areas marked with

black or gray
indicate
deformation
Vertically deformed cloud image exceeding 2m
Vertically deformed cloud image
at 1.72g horizontal acceleration at 1.8g horizontal acceleration
with X direction input, the overall vertical deformation cloud image of the
steel structure in the C area
Vertically deformed cloud image Vertically deformed cloud image

Areas marked with

black or gray indicate
deformation
exceeding 2m
Vertical deformation cloud map
Vertically deformed cloud image at 1.88g horizontal acceleration
at 1.86g horizontal acceleration
with X direction input, the overall vertical deformation cloud image of the steel
structure in the C area

Vertical deformation cloud image of steel structure
support system in C area when input in X direction

With X direction input, cloud image of vertical deformation of steel structure
support system in C area
Vertically deformed cloud image

Vertical deformation cloud map
Areas marked with

black or gray indicate
deformation
exceeding 2m

Horizontal bearing capacity of supporting steel
structures-all supporting systems are elastoplastic
The area marked in black indicates that

the deformation exceeds 2m
Horizontal bearing capacity of supporting steel structure
with X-direction input
• The damage first occurs in the north supporting
frame (east) and the C2 column.
• Then -C2 column, C1 column, -C1 column, C4
column, North support frame (west), -C4 column,
C3 column, -C3 column.
Contents
1. Project overview
structure

the central hall
• Assessment method
• Assessment 1: Impact of C-column failure in the central hall on the overall structure
• Determine the impact of C-column failure and investigate whether the structure will cause
progressive damage to the roof and supports due to the failure of a C-column
• determine the importance level of different C-columns according to the impact range of C-
column failure
• Evaluation 2: Impact of failure of local component of C-column on progressive collapse of
structure
• The C-column itself is a group column with a large component size, and the possibility of
simultaneous failure of all components is low. The effect of local component failure of the
C-column is evaluated
• Model and loading method
• Model material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity
• Steel Ideal elastic plasticity
• Loading steps
• apply vertical load 0 ~ 15 seconds, vertical load 1.0D + 0.5L
• The structure is left to stand for 15 to 20 seconds to investigate the effect of loading rate
• 20 seconds, evaluation 1: delete all supports at the bottom of a C-column, the C-column is
suspended from the roof
Evaluation 2: Delete a C-column local component
• 20 ~ 30 seconds, analysis of structural response after failure of C-column or component
Impact of C1 column failure on
overall structure
C1 column bottom displacement-analysis time curve
Structural deformation cloud diagram at the

end of deformation after C1 column failure
(The black area is the area where the
deformation exceeds 2.5m)
• The north area of the hall collapses

after C1 column fails
• Other support systems are intact
• C2 column vertical reaction force
increased by 1.5 times Reaction Force of All C- Column Bottoms -Analysis Time Curve
C2 column C3 column
Cloud deformation of the overall structure at the

end of deformation
The maximum vertical deformation at the bottom Cloud deformation of the overall
of C2 column is 3.45m, structure at the end of the analysis
Maximum vertical deformation of the roof 5.12m C4 column
• C3 and C4 column failures have a

serious impact on the overall
structure
• C2 column failure has minimal impact
on overall structure
Cloud deformation of the overall
structure at the end of the analysis
Failure analysis of local components of C3 column
Numbers of C3 column bottom bearing

Support reaction force under representative
gravity load
C3 Column Member Failure Analysis-1 component Failure
4 3 2
5 1 Vertical reaction force
Deletion location magnification-time history curve
• After the component fails, the maximum reaction force of support 2 is

2.15 times, and the reaction force of other supports does not change
much;
• The C3 column stabilizes after a brief sway, and no component entered
plasticity.
• C-column maximum vertical deformation of 52mm (up to 48mm in
good condition)
C3柱构件失效分析-1根构件失效
• After the failure of the component, the reaction

force of the adjacent support increased greatly,
and the pullout force appeared in some
supports.
• vertical deformation of C-column increased
from 48mm to 55mm
Vertical reaction force

• No progressive collapse of the overall structure
magnification-time history curve will occur
C3 column component failure analysis-delete 3 components
• After the component fails, the support

reaction force increases
• vertical deformation of C-column increased
from 48mm to 66mm
• No progressive collapse of the overall
Vertical reaction force structure will occur
magnification-time history curve
Photos of steel structure and
isolation layer construction
2017年5月23日
2017年5月23日
2017年5月23日
施工照片
施工照片
施工照片
施工照片
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Steel Structure of the

Beijing New Airport

Beijing Institute of Architectural Design

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

map of different projects

Roof(350,000 square meters of projected area ）

Glass curtain walls（88,100 square meters ）

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

⚫ maximum span of 180m, maximum

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

⚫ Complex roof structure

⚫ point and strip skylight to reduce structural rigidity

⚫ Complex relationship between the central skylight and the

High-speed rail and subway

The isolation layer is set at ± 0.000.

A combination of base isolation and interlamination isolation

cross-section diagram of the vibration isolation layer structure

Cross-section schematic diagram

Schematic diagram of the isolation layer layout

Profile of the central aera

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

Truss deflection on the main force path

maximum deformation 378mm,

Horizontal deformation, Vertical deformation,

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

Scope of seismic isolation design

Model No. 200

LNR1200 510 150

Vertical stiffness Kv kN/mm 4800 5000 5300

56 X-direction viscous damper 56 Y-direction viscous damper

Plan A: viscous damper with damping coefficient of 1200kN/(m/s)0.4 and

shear force/kN 412420 302736 341979 71595

force/kN 138727 79853 50218 13081

coefficient 0.38 0.29 0.18 0.15

⚫ The maximum inter-layer lateral shift angle occurs

⚫ Maximum inter-layer displacement angle at floor minus 1

Horizontal X:Y:Z=1:0.85:0.65 X:Y:Z=0.85:1:0.65

Steel structure calculation results - moderate earthquake

Time difference of Y-direction After isolation

Large earthquake Horizontal Shear Force of the Steel Structure

Acceleration on the top of the steel structure

Analysis of temperature effect

Seismic isolation technology not only can reduce the earthquake

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

⚫ C2 bearing capacity research

Schematic diagram of C-column

Relationship between C3 column and support tube

C3 column vertical bearing capacity-

Animation of the whole process analysis of the bearing

Horizontal bearing capacity-horizontal

C3 column loading direction and horizontal

C3 column loading direction and horizontal

6. Analysis of C-column bearing capacity

2.7 times the load vertical deformation cloud map

2.9 times load vertical deformation cloud map

The black area indicates vertical

The roof material constitutive is adjusted to linear elastic material, and