Subject : Education Foundation and Principles

Lecturer : Dr. Burhanuddin Yasin, M.Ed.

Group Assignment

Group 3
 Naziratun Ulfa (2006202020001)
 Cut Nurul Akhmal (2006202020002)
 Jasmani (2006202020004)
 Maiya Lucito (2006202020005)
 Titin Arifa Maulida (2006202020007)
 Mirna (2006202020008)
 Cut Nurul Azmar (2006202020009)

SOCIOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATION

I. Norms of Life in Society

As we know, the basic characteristic of human is a social being. As social beings, we
will develop well and produce valuable cultures and high civilization through education.
Sociological foundation related to the development, needs and characteristics of society.
Based on the description, it can be concluded that the sociological basis of education is a
reference or assumption in the application of education that starts on the interaction between
individuals as social beings in social life. The sociological foundation of education contains
basic norms of education which come from social norms adhered to by the nation. In order to
understand the social life of a nation, we must focus on patterns of interpersonal and inter-
group relationships in society. To create a harmonious and peaceful society, creating social
values in its development into social norms that bind people's lives and must be followed by
every member of society. In social life there are three types of norms adopted by his
followers, namely: Individualism, Collectivism, and Integralistic (Husamah, Restian &
Widodo, 2015).
a) Individualism
Hofstede (1980) defined individualism as a focus on rights above duties, a concern for
oneself and immediate family, an emphasis on personal autonomy and self-fulfillment, and
the basing of one’s identity on one’s personal accomplishments. The conceptualize of
individualism stresses on individual goals and the individual right which had an objectives
based on personal rewards and benefits. Individualistic people are comfortable working with
autonomy because they had an independent view of themselves as separate from others which
define themselves based on their personal traits and characteristics which relatively stable and
unchanging.
b) Collectivism
Collectivism is a value that is characterized by emphasis on cohesiveness among individuals
and prioritization of the group over the self. It means collectivism demands that the group be

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more important than the individual. While the group claimed to have idea and think and it act
to achieve goal. Working as a group and supporting other is essential. People are encouraged
to do what best for society or group, and each care and help one another to fulfill a certain
goal.
c) Integralistic
Integralistic is based on the understanding that each member of society is closely related to
one another organically as a community. A sociological foundation of education in Indonesia
using integralistic that comes from the norms of community life, there are: kinship,
prosperity, protect, and conformable.
II. Diversity in Society
A successful community in which individuals of different race, ethnicity, religious
beliefs, socioeconomic status, language, geographical origin, gender and/or sexual orientation
bring their different knowledge, background, experience and interest for the benefit of their
diverse community. As they all contribute to the success of the community, individuals in a
healthy diverse society practice daily understanding and respect of the different ideas,
viewpoints and unique perspectives of those who are somewhat different from them, as they
recognize that those individuals share and are actively working towards achieving many
common goals for the benefit of the community as a whole.
Diversity comes in many forms: gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, age,
culture, socioeconomic background, etc. All of these contribute to an individual’s unique
experience of the world.
III. How the norms of life in society can be the basic for building education?
Social norms are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are
considered acceptable in a particular social group or culture. They provide us with an
expected idea of how to behave, and function to provide order and predictability in society.
For example, we expect students to arrive to a lesson on time and complete their work.
Norms provide order in society. It is difficult to see how human society could operate
without social norms. Human beings need norms to guide and direct their behavior, to
provide order and predictability in social relationships and to make sense of and
understanding of each other’s actions. These are some of the reasons why most people, most
of the time, conform to social norms.

IV. How the diversity in society can be the basic for building education?
Society is one of educational environment that has a major influence on the
educational development of an individual. With education in the society, they are taught the
concepts and attitudes of behavior in social life together. In addition, in society, the form and
type of environment will also determine and influence the education of each individual in
society.

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 The diversity in society has so many aspects, including the educational environment
center such as family, society, and school. In society environment, there are also so many
types of diversity which is diversity of the environment itself and diversity of the society
itself. As we know that there is no perfect environment but there is two types of
environment. It is the lacking or limited environment/areas and the sufficient
environment/areas. Besides that, the society itself is also divided into two kinds which are
preindustrial societies and postindustrial societies. Recognition of these differences provides
a positive basis for effective education, and a “safe” environment. Every group of people will
respond differently to diversity. So, the acceptable of the diversity in society can be the basics
of every individual in building a good education for themselves.

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 REFERENCES

Husamah, R. A. (2015). Pengantar Pendidikan . Malang: UMM Press.

Taylor Y. (2012) Educational Diversity: The Subject of Difference and Different Subjects. In:
Educational Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137271129_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectivism
Oyserman D., Coon.,H.M., &Kemmelmeier M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and
collectivism: Evaluation of Theoritical Assumptions and Meta-Analyses. Psychological
Bulletin. Vol. 128, No. 1, 3–72
Introduction to Sociology 2e. Authored by: OpenStax CNX. Retrieved December 17, 2020
(https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/types-of-societies/)
https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-roles.html#:~:text=Norms%20provide%20order
%20in%20society.&text=Human%20beings%20need%20norms%20to,time%2C
%20conform%20to%20social%20norms.