PE4 Final Module

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Physical Education 4
Volleyball
Learning Module No. 1 #1
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STUDENT
Name:
Student Number:
Program:
Section:
Home Address:
Email Address:
Contact Number:
PROFESSOR
Name: Aveto M. Dasal Jr., LPT, MAEd/ Jimmy C. Valiente Jr./ Johason D. Vercia/
Mylene D. Ganzon/
Academic Department: DASTE
Consultation Schedule:
Email Address: amdasal@ccc.edu.p
jcvaliente@ccc.edu.ph
johason.vercia@gmail.com
mylene.ganzon001@deped.gov.ph
Contact Number: 09770593285 – Prof. Aveto

09352864007 – Prof. Jimmy
0932-5939486 – Prof. Vercia
09291165825 – Prof Mylene
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i. Course Code PE 4
II. Course Title Team Sports
III. Module Number 1
IV. Module Title Volleyball Basics
V. Overview of the Volleyball is one of the famous sports in the
Module Philippines nowadays. This is a sport wherein all ages
with different skill level can enjoy. It can be played
year around as it can be played indoor or outdoor.
Volleyball is a great team sport that can be enjoyed
by people of all ages and skill levels. One of the many
benefits of volleyball is the fact that it can be played
year-round in both an indoor and outdoor setting.
Aside from the pure enjoyment of the game, there are
several reasons why people play volleyball. It’s a great
bonding activity for friends and family. It acts as an
alternative and highly effective way of reaching your
fitness goals in a fun engaging way. Others simply love
the game and play volleyball for pure enjoyment.
Whatever your reason may be, the physical, mental
and emotional benefits of playing volleyball are
unparalleled.
In this module you will learn basic skills and
knowledge about volleyball. This is divided into two

parts. This part will help you understand the history,
terminologies, measurements and equipment used in
volleyball, basic skills, benefits of playing badminton,
and safety measures in playing volleyball.
VI. Module Outcomes As for the outcome of the module, you are
expected to trace the history of volleyball and trace
the remarkable changes happened in the volleyball.
Also, you are expected to be familiarized with the
terms used in volleyball, measurements /dimensions of
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equipment, and benefits and safety precautions of

volleyball to an individual.
VII. General Instructions

You must allot the necessary time to complete
the lessons each week. If you choose not to complete
the lesson using the schedule provided, you must
understand that it is your full responsibility to complete
them by the last day of completion. Time is of the
essence.
The module is designed to assess student
understanding of the assigned lessons found within the

associated content of the midterm and final period of
the course. The assessment part of the module is
composed of varied types of questions. You may see
true/false, traditional multiple choice, matching,
multiple answer, completion, and/or essay. Pay
attention to the answer to the assessment questions as
you move through each lesson. After each module
you will be given a summative test. Your responses to
the assessment parts of the module will be checked
and recorded.
Because the assessment questions are available within
the whole completion period and because you can
reference the answers to the questions within the
content modules, we will not release the answers
within modules. However, your professors are happy to
discuss the assessments with you during their
consultation time, should you have any questions.
Good luck.
You may not work collaboratively. This is independent
work.
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Lesson1. History of and Terminologies in Volleyball

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• Explain the history of volleyball
• Enumerate important remarkable changes happened in volleyball
• Familiarize with the terminologies and advantages of playing volleyball
Getting Started:
Answer the following questions:
1. How do you think volleyball started?
2. If given a chance to change the name of volleyball, what would it be and why?
3. What do you think are the benefits you can get from playing badminton?
Discussion:
WILLIAM G. MORGAN - FATHER OF VOLLEYBALL
Born in 1870 at Lockport, New York, William G. Morgan spent his childhood years attending public
school and working at his father's boat yard on the banks of the Old Erie Canal. In 1891 Morgan entered Mt.
Hermon Preparatory School in Northfield, Massachusetts, and it was there he developed a friendship with
James A. Naismith, who was destined to be the originator of basketball. Naismith was impressed with young
Morgan's athletic skills and encouraged Morgan to continue his education at the International Young Men's
Christian Association Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts (now called Springfield College). While at
Springfield, Morgan participated on the college's famous football team which played championship ball under
the leadership of Alonzo A. Stagg, one of the "Grand Old Men of Football". In 1894, after graduation, Morgan
accepted the position of physical director of the Auburn, Maine YMCA. The following year he accepted a
similar post in Holyoke, Massachusetts, and it was here the story of Volleyball began.
INVENTION OF THE GAME
The year was 1895 and physical director William G. Morgan had a problem. The newly created game of
basketball, while popular with the kids, was proving to be too strenuous for
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the local businessmen. He needed an alternative - something these older gentlemen could play - something
without too much "bumping" or "jolting".
It had to be physical - playing a game, after work and at lunch time, should provide exercise, but it also
had to relax the participants - it couldn't be too aggressive.
It had to be a sport, Morgan said, "with a strong athletic impulse, but no physical contact."
So, he borrowed ball used in basketball, he took net used in tennis. The use of hands and the ability to
play off the walls and over hangs, he borrowed from handball. And, from baseball, he took the concept of
innings.
He termed this new game "Mintonette". And though admittedly incomplete, it proved successful enough
to win an audience at the YMCA Physical Director's Conference held in Springfield, Massachusetts the next
year.
It was at this conference that Dr. Alfred Halstead, a professor at Springfield College, suggested a two-
word version of its present name - "Volley Ball".
The game of volleyball was quite a bit different from what it used to. It was played on a smaller 25'x50'
court, with an unlimited number of players hitting the ball an unlimited number of times, on either side of a 6'6"
high net. Things tended to get a little crowded.
Each game was broken up into nine innings, each inning made up of three outs, or "serves". These
serves could be helped over the net by a second player, if the server didn't quite reach the net.
The basketball originally used proved to be a little too heavy, and the subsequent use of a basketball
bladder, too soft. Morgan remedied this by contacting A.G. Spalding, a local sporting goods manufacturer who
designed a special ball - a rubber bladder, encased in leather, 25" or so in circumference - the "volleyball".
Though still in its infancy, the sport was slowly developing and with the YCMA taking the reigns,
Morgan was confident volleyball would continue to entertain and relax the boys down at the "Y".
What he probably didn't realize was that he had just created what would become the second most
popular team sport in the world.
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WORLDWIDE GROWTH
The physical education directors of the YMCA, encouraged particularly by two professional schools of
physical education, Springfield College in Massachusetts and George Williams College in Chicago (now at
Downers Grove, Illinois), adopted volleyball in all its societies throughout the United States, Canada (in 1900
Canada became the first foreign country to adopt the game), and also in many other countries: Elwood S. Brown
in the Philippines (1910), J. Howard Crocker in China, Franklin H. Brown in Japan (1908), Dr. J.H. Gray in
Burma, in China and in India, and others in Mexico and South American, European and African countries.
By 1913 the development of volleyball on the Asian continent was assured as, in that year, the game was
included in the program of the first Far-Eastern Games, organized in Manila. It should be noted that, for a long
time, volleyball was played in Asia according to the "Brown" rules which, among other things, used 16 players
(to enable a greater participation in matches).
The Philippines had much influence over the style of modern volleyball. In fact, Philippine volleyball
players invented the set and spike and helped influence the "three-hit limit." The new technique invented by the
Filipinos prompted American enthusiasts and participants in volleyball to call it the "bomba" or "Filipino
bomb", because spiking the ball was like a hit or a form of attack that can squash or kill the opportunity of the
opponent team to hit the ball back for a possible point or win.
An indication of the growth of volleyball in the United States is given in an article published in 1916 in
the Spalding Volleyball Guide and written by Robert C. Cubbon. In that article Cubbon estimated that the
number of players had reached a total of 200,000 people subdivided in the following way: in the YMCA (boys,
young men, and older men) 70,000, in the YWCA (girls and women) 50,000, in schools (boys and girls) 25,000
and in colleges (young men) 10,000.
In 1916, the YMCA managed to induce the powerful National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
to publish its rules and a series of articles, contributing to the rapid growth of volleyball among young college
students. In 1918 the number of players per team was limited to six, and in 1922 the maximum number of
authorized contacts with the ball was fixed at three.
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Until the early 1930s volleyball was for the most part a game of leisure and recreation, and there were
only a few international activities and competitions. There were different rules of the game in the various parts
of the world; however, national championships were played in many countries (for instance, in Eastern Europe
where the level of play had reached a remarkable standard).
Volleyball thus became more of a competitive sport with high physical and technical performance.
THE FIVB
It has seen the start of two centuries and the dawn of a new millennium. Volleyball is now one of the big
five international sports, and the FIVB, with its 220 affiliated national federations, is the largest international
sporting federation in the world.
Volleyball has witnessed unprecedented growth over the last decade. With the great success of world
competitions such as the FIVB World Championships, the FIVB World League, the FIVB World Grand Prix,
the FIVB World Cup, and the FIVB Grand Champions Cup as well as the Olympic Games, the level of
participation at all levels internationally continues to grow exponentially.
The beach volleyball phenomenon also continues to amaze. The overwhelming spectator and television
success of Beach Volleyball since its introduction to the Olympic Games at Atlanta 1996 and the stunning
success of the FIVB Swatch World Tour and World Championships has opened up volleyball to a completely
new market.
SOURCE: ©2020 SportsEngine, https://www.volleyhall.org/page/show/3821594-history-of-volleyball
Latest Volleyball News from the NCAA and NAIA.
Two years later, the first two-man beach volleyball game was played, though the professional side of the
sport did not emerge until much later. Not surprisingly, the first beach volleyball association appeared in
California (1965), and the professional players united under the auspices of the AVP (American Volleyball
Professionals) in 1983.
During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, American men and women took gold and silver medals in
indoor volleyball competitions. Four years later at the Olympics in Korea, the men once again scored gold.
Starting in 1996, two-man beach volleyball was officially introduced
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to the Olympics. Today, there are more than 800 million volleyball players worldwide, 46 million of them in the
U.S.
Timeline of Significant Volleyball Events
In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another
player (the set and spike) was introduced.
In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. Twenty-seven teams from 11
states were represented.
In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, so the United States Volleyball Association
(USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-
YMCA squads.
In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
In 1934, national volleyball referees were approved and recognized.
In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the
official national governing body in the U.S.
In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.
In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

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In 1975, the U.S. National Women’s team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to
Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA, in 1980, and San Diego, CA, in 1985).
In 1977, the U.S. National Men’s Team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San
Diego, CA, in 1981).
In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
In 1984, the U.S. won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The men won the gold and the women
the silver.
In 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
In 1988, the U.S. men repeated the gold in the Olympics in Korea.
In 1990, the World League was created.
In 1995, the sport of volleyball was 100 years old!
In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.
SOURCE: https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.htm
VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGIES
ACE– A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point
ANTENNA– The vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges of the net. The antennas are mounted
directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play. Antennas are not
usually used on outdoor nets
APPROACH– Fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air.
ASSIST– Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. This stat is normally only
logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic team play
ATTACK– The offensive action of hitting the ball.The attempt by one team to terminate the play by hitting the
ball to the floor on the opponent’s side.
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ATTACK BLOCK– Receiving players’ aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball before it crosses the net.
ATTACK ERROR– An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following:

1) the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and terminates play or goes into
the net on the third hit, 3)the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is called for
a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is called for illegal contact (lift, double hit…) on the attack.
ATTACKER– Also “hitter” or “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of
terminating play in his or her team’s favor
ATTACK LINE– A line 3m from the net that separates the front row players from the back row players.
Commonly referred to as the “10-foot line”
BACKCOURT– The area from the endline to the attack line
BACK SET– A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker
BACKROW ATTACK– When a back row player attacks theball by jumping from behind the 3m line before
hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past the 3m lineduring take-off, the attack is illegal.
BEACH DIG– An open hand receive of the ball, also called a “Deep Dish”
BLOCK– A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court. It
may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the
opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands.
BUMP– a common term for forearm passing
BALL HANDLING ERROR– Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball or a lift (except on a serve
reception or attack). For our purposes, this category also includes any blocking errors (when an official calls a
blocker for a violation such as going into the net, centerline violation, reaching over the net, etc.).
BUMP PASS– The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand manner
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CAMPFIRE– A ball that falls to the floor in an area that’s surrounded by two, three, four or more players. At
the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if the players are encircling and staring at a campfire
CENTER LINE– The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into two equal halves.
CLOSING THE BLOCK– The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to join the primary blocker and create
an impenetrable block in which a ball cannot fit between the two individual blockers
CROSS COURT SHOT– An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the offensive team’s side
of the net to the opposite sideline of the defensive team’s court.
CUT SHOT– A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp angle across the net.
DECOY– An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive the set
DEEP SET– Set to be hit away from the net to confuse or disrupt the timing of the blockers.
DIG– Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked ball close to the floor.
DINK– A legal push of the ball around or over blockers
DOUBLE BLOCK– Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the net back to the hitter’s
side
DOUBLE HIT– Successive hits or contacts by the same player (Illegal)
DOUBLE QUICK– Two hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.
DOUBLES– A game with two players on each side, most commonly played on a sand court.
DOWN BALL– A ball the blockers elect not to attempt to block because it has been set too far from the net or
the hitter is not under control. A “Down Ball” is hit overhand and driven over the net with topspin while the
player remains standing. “Down Ball,”
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is usually called aloud by the defense when it becomes apparent the attacker has no chance of hitting a powerful
spike.
FIVE-ONE– A 6-player offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter
FIVE SET– A back set to the right front hitter
FLARE– Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick hitter
FLOATER– A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic path. This is similar to a
“knuckle ball” pitch in baseball.
FOREARM PASS– Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your
forearms in an underhand motion
FOUL– A violation of the rules
FOUR SET– A set 1′ from the sideline, and 1’ to 2′ above the net.
FOUR-TWO– A 6-player offensive system using four hitters and two setters
FREE BALL– A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually called aloud by the
defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions.
HELD BALL– A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a foul
HIT– To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot
HITTER– Also “spiker” or “attacker”
HITTING PERCENTAGE– kills vs. attempts
INSIDE SHOOT– A playset or a 33.
ISOLATION PLAY– Designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender, normally to exploit a weakness
or give a hitter a chance to hit against a single block
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JUNGLE BALL– Any volleyball game with people who don’t really know how to play volleyball. A common
euphemism for this type of game is “Picnic Volleyball”
JUMP SERVE –A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and jumping into and hitting
the ball in its downward motion.
JOUST– When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above the net
KEY– To predict a team’s next play by observation of patterns or habits.
KILL– An attack that results in an immediate point or side out
LINE– The marks that serve as boundaries of a court
LINE SHOT– A ball spiked down an opponent’s sideline, closest to the hitter and outside the block
LET SERVE– A serve that contacts the net. If the ball dribbles over, it’s playable just like any other ball that
contacts the net on the way over. If the ball fails to clear the net, it will become dead when it either hits the serving
team’s court, or is contacted by a player on the serving team
MIDDLE-BACK– A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover deep spikes MIDDLE-UP–
A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover dinks or short shots MINTONETTE– The
original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan
MULTIPLE OFFENSE– A system of play using different types of sets other than just normal outside sets
OFFSIDE BLOCK – Player at the net, which is on the side away from the opponent’s attack OFF-
SPEED HIT – Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin
OUTSIDE HITTER – a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an approach which starts from outside
the court
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OVERHAND PASS – A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the fingers and thumbs, played just
above the forehead
OVERHAND SERVE – Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder
OVERLAP – refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the contact of the ball when serving
PANCAKE – A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and the palm is slid along the
floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so that the ball bounces off the back of the hand.
PASS see “Forearm Pass”
PENETRATION– The act of reaching across and breaking the plane of the net during blocking
POINT OF SERVICE– A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA standards) as the serve is not
returnable due to a bad pass by the receiver, this number includes aces.
POWER ALLEY– A cross-court hit traveling away from the spiker to the farthest point of the court. POWER
TIP– A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team. POWER VOLLEYBALL– A
competitive style of volleyball started by the Japanese QUICK – a player approaching the setter for a quick
inside hit
QUICK SET – a set (usually 2’ above the net) in which the hitter is approaching the setter, and may even be in
the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This type of set requires precise timing between the setter and hitter
READY POSITION – The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to contact the ball
RECEPTION ERROR – A serve that a player should have been able to return, but results in an ace (and only
in the case of an ace). If it is a “husband/wife” play (where the ball splits the two receivers), the receiving team
is given the reception error instead of an individual
RED CARD – a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result of a red card may be a player
is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the team loses a point. A red
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card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as a warning; it is up to the official’s discretion
ROLL – a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger or passer lays out an arm, passes the ball, and rolls
over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back (barrel roll) after passing the ball. This is a quick way to
return to action after the play.
ROOF – A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the ball deflects straight to the floor
on the attacker’s side
ROTATION – The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position
following a side out
SERVE – One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled exclusively by
one player
SERVER – The player who puts the ball into play
SERVICE ERROR – An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following occurs: 1) the ball hits the
net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out of bounds, or 3) the server commits a foot fault
SERVICE WINNER – A point the serving team scores when this player has served the ball. The point can be
an immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed (a kill or opponent attack error after a long rally). Therefore, the
sum of the team’s service winners equals their score
SET – The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike it into the opponent’s
court
SETTER – the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who “sets” the ball with an “Overhand Pass” for
a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the offense
SIDE OUT – Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team, or when
the serving team commits an unforced error, and the receiving team thus gains the right to serve
SIX PACK – Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball
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SIX-TWO – A 6-player offense using 2 setters opposite one another in the rotation. Setter 1 becomes a hitter
upon rotating into the front row as setter 2 rotates into the back row and becomes the setter
SPIKE – Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intends to
terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker
STRONG SIDE – When a right-handed hitter is hitting from the left-front position or when a left-handed hitter
is hitting from the right-front position
STUFF – A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team’s floor by the opponent’s blockers. A slang term
for “block”
TURNING IN – the act of an outside blocker turning his/her body into the court so as to ensure the blocked
ball is deflected into the court and lands in-bounds
UNDERHAND SERVE – a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand toss from about waist high and
then struck with the opposite closed fist in an “underhand pitching” motion
WEAK SIDE – When a right-handed player is hitting from right-front position or when a left-handed player is
hitting from the left-front position
WIPE – when a hitter pushes the ball off of the opposing block so it lands out of bounds
YELLOW CARD – a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow card. Any player or coach
who receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A single yellow card does not result in loss of point or
serve
SOURCE: https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/learn-volleyball-terms/ Court
Dimensions
The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5 feet) wide, divided
into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters (7
feet 11 5/8 inches) above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) for
women's competition (these heights are varied for veterans and junior competitions).
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Source: http://www.wysc.org/Page.asp?n=3259
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REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING BEFORE PLAYING VOLLEYBALL!

Volleyball is among the safest sports out there, but injuries can happen. To keep things as safe as
possible while playing volleyball, follow these tips.
Safe Volleyball Gear
Use the right gear:
• Knee pads to protect the knees when sliding or falling.
• Padded shorts to protect the hips when diving for a ball.
• Other pads and braces such as elbow or forearm pads, ankle or wrist braces, or thumb splints.
• Volleyball shoes for good traction on gym floors and extra padding for comfort.
• Mouthguards to protect the teeth, lips, cheeks, and tongue.
• Prescription goggles for players who wear glasses and shatterproof sunglasses when playing outside.
• Athletic supporters for guys and sports bras for girls for support and comfort.
Safe Volleyball Training
To prevent injuries during training, players should:
• Get a sports physical before starting any training program.

• Be in good shape before playing volleyball.
• Always warm up and stretch before practice and matches.

• Use proper technique. If there are concerns about technique, a trained instructor can help.
• Stop training if they get injured or feel pain. They need to get checked by an athletic trainer, coach, doctor, or
nurse before going back on the court.
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• Play different sports throughout the year to prevent overuse injuries.
Reviewed by: Amy W. Anzilotti, MD

Date reviewed: March 2019
Dealing with Sports Injuries
Prevention First
The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place. Think of
avoiding injury as just another part of playing by the rulebook. Knowing the rules of the game you're playing
and using the right equipment can go a long way toward preventing injuries.
Types of Sports Injuries
Common reasons why teens get injured playing sports include:
• not training or playing properly

• training too much
• not wearing the right footwear
• not wearing the right safety equipment
• rapid growth during puberty
There are two kinds of sports injuries:
1. Acute traumatic injuries are things like fractures, sprains and strains, concussions, and cuts. They usually
happen after a blow or force — like getting tackled in football or wiping out while skateboarding.
2. Overuse injuries include things like stress fractures and tendonitis. These injuries are also called chronic
injuries because they happen over time, usually from repetitive training, like running, overhand throwing, or
serving a ball in tennis. Overuse injuries can be just as damaging as acute injuries, even though they might not
seem serious at first. If they're not treated, they usually get worse.
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What To Do
If you think you've been injured, pull yourself out the game or stop doing your activity or workout. Let a
coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.
Call a doctor when:

• pain is very bad
• pain is worse when you're active
• the injured area is swollen
• you're limping
• your range of motion is limited
• pain continues for a while, gets worse at times, or lasts for a week or more following an injury
Where Injuries Happen
You can get a sports injury anywhere on your body. Here are some key points to know about common
sports injuries.
Head and Neck Injuries
Serious head and neck injuries happen most often in athletes who play contact sports (like football or
rugby) or sports with the potential for falling accidents, such as horseback riding and gymnastics.
Head injuries include fractures, concussions, contusions (bruises), and hematomas. A hematoma is
bleeding or pooling of blood in or around the brain caused by an impact to the head from a fall, forceful shaking
of the head, or a blow to the head.
Neck injuries include strains, sprains, fractures, burners, and whiplash, which is an injury to the neck
caused by an abrupt jerking motion of the head. Neck injuries are among the most dangerous sports injuries.
Never try to move someone who may have a neck injury. A mishandled neck fracture could lead to
permanent paralysis or even death. Keep the injured person still with his or her head held straight while
someone calls for emergency medical help. If the person is lying on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
22
Back Injuries
Most back injuries are caused by twists or overexertion of back muscles during bending or lifting
movements. Back injuries are most common in contact sports like football and ice hockey, or in weightlifting,
rowing, golf, figure skating, gymnastics, and dancing.
Sex Organ Injuries
Injuries to the sex organs usually affect guys more than girls because the penis and testicles are outside the
body and are more exposed. Injuries to the uterus or ovaries are rare, but breast injuries are a common complaint
among teen girls. As the breasts develop, they often can be sore, and a blow from a softball or a collision during field
hockey can be painful.
Hand and Wrist Injuries
Hand, finger, and wrist injuries can happen after things like a fall that forces the hand or fingers backward, or
a direct blow. As with other injuries, hand and wrist injuries are most common in contact sports, such as football,
lacrosse, and hockey, or in sports like gymnastics, field hockey, rowing, and basketball where the fingers, hands, and
wrists are at risk.
Foot and Ankle Injuries
Feet and ankles are particularly vulnerable to injury in sports that involve a lot of running. Another
reason for foot injuries is wearing the wrong shoes, especially if someone has flat feet, high arches, or other foot
differences.
Getting Back in the Game
Your first question after a sports injury will probably be, "When can I play again?" This depends on the
injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you can't return to your sport right away, a doctor or physical therapist
might have suggestions and advice on what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor before trying any
activity following an injury.
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Rehab
A rehabilitation program also can help you stay fit as you recover. If rehabilitation ("rehab" for short) is
part of your treatment program it might include exercise, manual therapy from a physical therapist, and
ultrasound or other technology to help relieve pain and promote healing.
Preventing Reinjury
When you've recovered, you might need new protective gear to protect an injured body part. This can
include modified shoes, tape to provide extra support, or additional padding to protect against a direct blow.
To help prevent reinjury, be sure to warm up before practice and games. Take it slow when you first get
back to your sport and gradually build back up to your preinjury level.
Most importantly, know your limits. Check in with your body: if a previously injured area
(or any body part) begins to hurt, stop right away and rest. Get help from a doctor if the pain
continues. Pain is your body's way of saying something isn't right.
Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD

SOURCE: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety-volleyball.html
BENEFITS OF PLAYING VOLLEYBALL

There are number of reasons why people play volleyball. It is a fun way to bond with family and
friends. And it’s an alternative way of reaching fitness goals. Others simply play volleyball for fun and
entertainment. Whatever your reason may be, you will reap the benefits of playing volleyball.
TOP BENEFITS OF PLAYING VOLLEYBALL

Physical Benefits
1. Improve Cardiovascular Health
2. Improves Your Muscular System
3. Improves Joint Health
4. Weight Loss
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5. Improves Hand Eye Co Ordination

6. Enhances Your Reflexes & Reaction Time
7. Develop Agility, Speed, Coordination, Stamina & Flexibility
8. Improves Core Strength, Flexibility & Speed
9. Improves Muscular Stabilizer Strength
10. Increases Your Metabolic Rate
11. Enhances Your Aerobic Capacity
12. Enhances Energy Levels
Emotional Benefits
1. Improves Interpersonal Skills & Builds Teamwork
2. Social Interaction & Enhanced Sense Of Happiness & Belonging
3. Reduces Stress & Anxiety
4. Improves Your Mood
5. Develops Self Esteem & Boosts Confidence
6. Sportsmanship
7. Leadership
8. Communication Skills
9. Cognitive Stimulation & Functioning
10. Enhances Sleep & Alertness
11. Great Way To Meet People
12. Take Initiative
13. Develop Emotional Connections
14. Teaches Accountability
15. Motivation & The Drive To Succeed
16. Treatment & Rehabilitation
SOURCE: https://welovevolleyball.co/benefits-playing-volleyball/
DID YOU KNOW?
• Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in 1895, but it did not become an Olympic sport
until 1964.
• The longest volleyball marathon on record was played in Amstelveen, Netherlands, from
December 27 to December 30, 2011. The event lasted 85 hours, with 63 matches played in total.
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• The record for most consecutive passes in volleyball is 110, achieved in the United States, in
Raleigh, North Carolina, on February 5, 2010.
• A single player may jump as many as 300 times in a volleyball match.
Exercise I (History of Volleyball)
Create a timeline of events in Volleyball from its invention to year 1996.
Sample Timeline:
Exercise II (Terminologies) Instruction: Give what is being asked.

Create at least 10 scenarios where you can you use the different terminologies in volleyball.
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Lesson2. Volleyball Fundamentals

Lesson Objectives:
• Enumerate the fundamental skills in volleyball
• Familiarize with ball handling (passing, serving, digging, blocking, setting, and hitting).
Getting Started:
1. Name famous volleyball stars you know.
2. What skill/s in volleyball you think they possess why do you like him/her?
Discussion:
The following are the essential skills needed in volleyball. Enable to enjoy and win the game, one must
understand the relevance of volleyball fundamentals. The following lesson is produced by the Sporting Goods
Manufacturers Association in cooperation with USA Volleyball Grassroots & Education.
PASSING
In volleyball much is made of the ability to serve because of the personal fitness and deception that can
be demonstrated; to set, which is volleyball’s answer to the quarterback position of football; to finish a rally
with the placement and power of a spike.
Perhaps the least recognized and most critical element of volleyball is the pass. In recreational volleyball
it is the greatest moment of confusion because some players are concerned about returning the ball while others
are just plain uncertain where that ball is going to go after the first touch.
More points are lost on a team’s inability to deal effectively with the first ball over the net than at any other
point in a game. Most experienced players value a teammate who can pass, as much as they do a good outside hitter
and setter. The reason is simple. A good pass will transform your team from a defensive posture to an offensive
attack. The most common and effective form of passing is the forearm pass. It’s the easiest way to get the ball under
27
control. The only way you can be called for a foul is if the ball rolls up your arms or comes to rest on your arms
which will result in a held ball call.
The forearm pass is also known as the bump pass. To use it correctly, you must join your hands together
and allow the ball to strike the fleshy part of your forearms simultaneously. There many ways of joining your
hands, we’ll touch on a couple here. But the best way to learn is to watch a few players and experiment. A
common mistake is to allow the ball to strike your wrists or hands, often resulting in an unpredictable pass or a
ball returned over the net, commonly called an overpass. The best way to avoid this problem is to remind
yourself to bend your wrists and hands down before impact to help cushion the ball.
TWO HAND POSITIONS ARE:
Wrapped fist - Make a fist with your dominant hand and wrap it in the palm of your other hand, with
both thumbs side by side and pointing at the floor.
Cupped palms - Bring your hands together as if you were going to take a sip of water from your hands,
and lay your thumbs across the top as in Wrapped Fist position. Some players even like to lock their fingers
under their thumbs. See diagram at right.
Illustration:
Pick the passing method that works best for you. Don’t be concerned about which method is better than
the other. It’s really about personal choice and effective control. Whichever you choose, keep these five points
in mind:
1. Keep the ball between your wrists and elbows in the fattest part of the forearm
2. Press the wrists and hands down to hyperextend the arms
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3. Lock your elbows. This gives the ball the most area to hit, and helps you control the direction of your pass.
4. Try to bend your knees before the ball gets to you so that you can both absorb the serve and re-direct the
pass. 5. Don’t swing at the ball, but do try to shrug your shoulders toward your target at the moment of impact.
SETTING
The setter runs the offense, and determines which hitter to set. Sometimes, a team has two setters. The
key to good setting is consistency. The basic premise of setting is to take a bump pass and convert it to a well-
placed ball that can be effectively hit by another player to the opponent’s court. The proper technique for setting
is to raise your hands about five inches above your head with your thumbs on the bottom and pointed towards
your eyes. Your fingers should be loose and slightly cupped. Don’t spread your hands any farther than
necessary to receive the ball. As a guide, you’ll have a two to three inch gap between both of your thumbs and
both of your forefingers.
Here are a few things to keep in mind about setting:

1. Get to the ball.
2. Face your target (except when you’re deliberately making a back set).
3. Bend your elbows and your knees.
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4. Look at the ball through the opening between your hands.

5. Bring both hands into contact with the ball simultaneously.
6. Don’t let the ball touch your palm. This is called a push, and is a violation. If the ball comes to rest in your
hand, or you strike the ball unevenly with either hand, you’ll be in violation.
7. Receive the ball over your head, and let it snap out of your finger pads. Keep your hands above your face or
you’ll be whistled.
There are six basic types of sets:
One Set - Set a foot or two over the net and hit while the ball is still rising. This is the quickest of sets
and is usually for the middle hitter.
Two Set - Set two to four feet above the net and is also quick. Again, this ball is usually for the middle
hitter.
Three Set - Also set low and fast (about 4 - 6 feet above the net and delivered midway between the
setter and the sideline). This ball is for either the middle or outside hitter.
Four Set - A low set (1 - 2 feet above the net) for the outside hitter that is delivered near the sideline and
over the net. Sometimes called a “Shoot Set.”
Five Set - A high Backset near the sideline.
Six Set - (fist hand signal) A high outside set to either sideline.
Finally, there is a time when the setter gets to try and score. This is called a “setter dump”, and is
executed when the setter comes to the net but instead of setting, pushes the ball over the net in a “tip” play.
HITTING
If there is a moment of truth in volleyball, it is the perfectly hit spike. The spike combines power, speed
and athleticism to provide the excitement that is uniquely volleyball. The spike is used to either put the ball
down in a portion of the court where the opposition is not, or to strike the ball so hard that the defenders are
unable to deal with it effectively. Front row players can attack the ball from anywhere on the court. Back row
players can only attack from behind the three meter line.
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Hitters must master such techniques as the:

Cross Court Shot - This ball must be hit extremely hard while aiming for a space on the floor between
the front row players and the back row player that is diagonally positioned farthest from the hitter.
Tip or Dink Shot - The most important aspect of this shot is hitting with a wrist that does not break.
Just push or roll the ball with the fingertips over the outstretched hands of the blocker(s). Be sure to face the
direction of the dink or a push or carry may be called.
Line Shot - The simplest way to describe this shot is to imagine a left outside hitter who is right-handed
receiving a set from her right side, rotating her body as she drops her left shoulder, and aiming the ball for the
left sideline.
Soft Top Spin Shot - Commonly called a “roll shot” or off-speed attack, this ball is contacted a little
softer and on the lower portion of the ball. The players hand then rolls over the top of the ball. This action
creates top spin which causes the ball to drop quickly, usually just behind the front line players.
Hitting combines various elements of technique. Your approach to the net, speed, planting of feet, jumping,
timing, body position, and distance from the net are among the factors that contribute to the success of your hit.
If you’re experiencing difficulty in any aspect of your hit, or repeatedly making an error, ask a qualified
instructor to study your form and make suggestions.
SERVING
Sooner or later, every player ends up in the right back position and gets to put the ball in play. Your
serving options are:
The Underhand Serve - Since this is the easiest serve to execute, don’t be embarrassed to use it in novice or
recreational situations. The goal of any serve is to get the ball in play. Sure, we all like to hit an “ace” that rockets
across the net, but the first obligation is to maintain serve. The technique is to gently toss the ball up and in front of
you while bringing the other hand forward to make contact. A simple toss of several inches will suffice. Make
contact with the heel of the hand or the open part of the palm along the index finger and the thumb. If you prefer to
fold you fingers into your palm for strength or control, keep your thumb out to the side and avoid striking the ball
with your knuckles. Such an irregular surface can make the ball
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go in unpredictable directions. Stand outside the court, anywhere along and behind the end line, about ten feet
from the right sideline. If you’re right-handed, hold the ball in you left hand and take a step forward with your
left foot while lobbing the ball ever so slightly in front of yourself. All this time you bring your right arm back
past your hip and then forward to meet the ball just as it is coming down from the low toss. Never take your
eyes off the ball. Just before you start your serve make a mental picture of the opponent’s positions on the court
and decide where you’re going to attempt to put the ball.
The Overhand Serve - This is the most popular serve in competitive volleyball. There are many
variations that you can master with practice. As in any serve, make sure you don’t touch or cross the endline at
any time during your serve. This type of serve offers speed and deception.
When using the overhead serve, the ball passes over the net quickly and can be made to do a number of
different things including dropping quickly and floating erratically. Strike the ball with either an open hand or a
slightly cupped hand. A rigid wrist will allow you greatest power. Toss the ball over your head about three feet
and slightly to your left and take a step forward with your weight shifting from your right foot to your left foot.
Arch your back slightly and bend your arm at the elbow as the right arm comes behind your head and is brought
forward to strike the ball. Finish with a follow through to your hip. Once you know what open spot on the other
side you will serve, focus on the ball, from toss to contact.
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OVERHAND SERVE BALL ACTION

The Floater - This ball flight has no stabilizing spin and will dart more like a knuckle ball in baseball.
The secret is to simply hit the ball in the center - in relation to its line of flight - so very little or no spin occurs.
Floaters work equally well with the underhand serve or the overhand. The movement of the ball is very
unpredictable to the opposing players.
The Top Spin - This ball flight results when the ball is struck on top using wrist snap and moves very
quickly over the net. The beauty of this shot is that it drops suddenly, leaving little time for an opponent to
react.
The Jump Serve - This ball flight requires a higher toss and a literal jump in the air. Apply contact with
the ball just as in the Top Spin serve, and the results can be even more devastating given the added force of the
jump. However, this is the hardest serve to master, and without sufficient top spin, the ball will likely end up
way out of bounds. It’s safest to aim this serve at the middle of the court.
The Curve - This ball flight can be most effective outdoors in windy conditions. Approach the shot just
like a top spin serve until the moment of impact and then hit the ball left or right of center. The ball will curve
in the direction in which it is hit.
INDIVIDUAL DEFENSE
There are only two ways to mount a successful defense in the game of volleyball; digging and blocking.
Both require hard work. You must be willing to sacrifice physically.
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DIGGING
The proper technique for a dig is similar to a bump pass, but your knees are bent much more and your
weight is more forward to be able to extend yourself to the floor if necessary to retrieve the ball. Sprawling,
rolling and diving are extremely important techniques used to dig a ball. Proper execution, leg placement,
timing of floor contact, and returning to your feet are considerations. Watch others, ask for instruction and
practice these skills often in non-game conditions to avoid injury to yourself or others.
BLOCKING
The surest way to cripple your opponent’s attack is to take away a hitter’s spike. And the surest way to do that is
with a well-coordinated blocking scheme.
Blockers don’t need to take a running start, but must stay close to the net and leap up. If you require a
running start to jump, you probably don’t belong in the block. Stand with your hands and fingers held fully
extended above the shoulders. Focus on the hitter in front of you and slide into the path of the descending ball at
the point where it will cross the net.
Your jump should occur just slightly after the hitter’s. Knees must be bent before takeoff to jump
straight up. As you jump, fully extend your arms and hands. Spread your fingers, but keep them rigid, and bend
your wrists as you rise above the net so that your hands break the plane of the net. If you keep your arms just a
few inches apart, you’ll avoid letting a ball go through them.
If you’re a shorter player forced to block, bend your wrists back instead of forward and don’t try to
penetrate the net after the block which should put the ball in good position for either you or another teammate to
play it. This is called a soft block.
Blocks don’t count as hits so you can legally play them (except in beach doubles, where it does count as
first touch). The double block usually relies on the middle hitter and one of the outside hitters to obstruct as
much hitting space as possible. If positioned correctly, the blockers prevent the cross-court shot and the line
shot.
The triple block is used occasionally and requires all three front row players to participate. No back line
players may come up to block.
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SOURCE: 2004 Guide to Volleyball Basics – by SGMA Volleyball Council & USA Volleyball 23 ver 5.1.04
TRY THIS!
Exercise 1. Instruction: Give what is being asked 1.
What are the 6 basic skills in volleyball?
1. 4.
2. 5
3. 6.
2.Give at least 4 types of service.
7. 9.
8. 10.
3. Two hands position in passing
11. 12.
4. Give at least 3 types of attack you should master in playing volleyball.
13. 14. 15.
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APPLICATION:
Practice the six fundamental skills in playing volleyball. Write an observation/evaluation about yourself
on dealing with the six fundamentals in volleyball. Attach documentation during the execution of the six
fundamental skills in volleyball. Improvised equipment is accepted.
RUBRIC:
Content- 50%
Documentation- 50%
Total 100%
36
ii. Course Code PE 4

IV. Module Title Volleyball Basics
V. Overview of the Volleyball is one of the famous sports in the
Module Philippines nowadays. This is a sport wherein all ages
with different skill level can enjoy. It can be played
year around as it can be played indoor or outdoor.
Volleyball is a great team sport that can be enjoyed
by people of all ages and skill levels. One of the many
benefits of volleyball is the fact that it can be played
year-round in both an indoor and outdoor setting.
Aside from the pure enjoyment of the game, there are
several reasons why people play volleyball. It’s a great
bonding activity for friends and family. It acts as an
alternative and highly effective way of reaching your
fitness goals in a fun engaging way. Others simply love
the game and play volleyball for pure enjoyment.
Whatever your reason may be, the physical, mental
and emotional benefits of playing volleyball are
unparalleled.
In this module you will learn basic skills and
knowledge about volleyball. This is divided into two

parts. This part will help you understand the history,
terminologies, measurements and equipment used in
volleyball, basic skills, benefits of playing badminton,
and safety measures in playing volleyball.
Also, you are expected to be familiarized with the
terms used in volleyball, measurements /dimensions of
37
equipment, and benefits and safety precautions of

volleyball to an individual.

the lesson using the schedule provided, you must
understand that it is your full responsibility to complete
them by the last day of completion. Time is of the
essence.
The module is designed to assess student
understanding of the assigned lessons found within the

associated content of the midterm and final period of
the course. The assessment part of the module is
composed of varied types of questions. You may see
true/false, traditional multiple choice, matching,
multiple answer, completion, and/or essay. Pay
attention to the answer to the assessment questions as
you move through each lesson. After each module
you will be given a summative test. Your responses to
the assessment parts of the module will be checked
and recorded.
Because the assessment questions are available within
the whole completion period and because you can
reference the answers to the questions within the
content modules, we will not release the answers
within modules. However, your professors are happy to
discuss the assessments with you during their
consultation time, should you have any questions.
Good luck.
You may not work collaboratively. This is independent
work.
38
Lesson 3: Volleyball Exercises
Lesson Objectives:
• Practice exercises that will help develop skills in badminton
• Apply the body conditioning routine properly
Getting Started:
1. Why is it stretching is important before the game starts?
2. What do you think is/are the benefits of physically and emotionally ready before the game?
Discussion:
Developing good volleyball strength begins in the weight room, and it's important that your athletes are
doing the right exercises that set a solid foundation. Art of Coaching fitness editor Marie Zidek, head volleyball
coach at DePaul University and a certified strength and conditioning specialist, demonstrates and explains 10
exercises here that are designed specifically for volleyball players to develop strength in a safe way. Building
this strength allows athletes to then work on power development by keeping them in safe positions when
exploding through the power movements required in volleyball
10 volleyball-specific strength exercises by Marie Zidek
1. Good mornings
This exercise, done with 2 dumbbells, is good for glute strength, hamstrings and improving an athlete's vertical
jump.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 10 reps
2. Side-to-side twist with overhead press

Holding a plate with your hands at the 9 and 3 positions, this exercise builds the core and also develops upper
body strength. Specific to volleyball, it helps the shoulder stay healthy
39
and aids in the transfer of power from the core to the upper body.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 20 reps (10 left, 10 right)
3. Single leg RDL to overhead press

This exercise, which works your hamstrings and glutes, helps improve your balance and boosts your
jump.
4. Lunge with a twist
This is another exercise that uses a plate. It helps strengthen your legs and makes your ankles more stable so
you're at less risk for injury. It also helps train you for single-leg jumps. Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 16
reps (8 left, 8 right)
5. Lateral lunge with a press

These lateral lunges using a plate are good for developing quicker side to side moves and strengthening the
arms for a more stable digging and passing platform.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 20 reps (10 left, 10 right)
6. Dumbbell snatch
The dumbbell snatch is great for training triple extension (which is basically the mechanics of jumping), power
development and improving explosiveness.
7. Dumbbell pullover
This exercise has similar benefits as the side-to-side twist with overhead press: core and upper body strength
and transfer of strength from the core to the upper body in rhythm. It helps with all overhead volleyball
movements, including serving, blocking, setting and attacking. Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 12 reps
8. Dumbbell squat to press

This is a good general exercise that helps all positions in volleyball. It builds lower-body strength and also
accounts for the upper-body movements that are very important to volleyball: setting, serving, attacking,
blocking and transferring power from the lower body to the upper body in a fluid motion.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 16-20 reps
40
9. 10-and-2 drops
This is a great exercise for shoulder health and core stability. It helps the shoulder build the muscles and
strength needed to slow the shoulder down during throwing motions. It's good for any volleyball move, but
particularly blocking, setting and attacking.
10. Biceps with overhead press

This exercise is used for injury prevention in shoulders. Basically, it helps attackers develop muscles that
act as secondary movers during spiking.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 8 reps2
Adapted from: High School and College, Sports Performance Training, For Players, multi-vid.
Dated: December 20, 2016
SOURCE:https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/10-volleyball-specific-strength-exercises/
Exercise 1:
1. Write a two-paraghraph reflection about your experience while doing the conditioning exercises. First
paragraph is about your experience and the second paragraph is about the benefits you think you acquired
after doing the body conditioning exercises.
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
41
APPLICATION
Record a video about your weekly body conditioning program you do at home. You can use the
exercises discussed in this lesson or you can make/search your own body conditioning program that suits you,
but still beneficial to help acquire skills in playing badminton. Minimum length of the video is not less than 7
minutes and will not exceed to 10 minutes.
Bear in mind the safety precautions and your health condition in doing this activity!
RUBRIC:
Content- 30%
Proper Execution- 30%
Following Instruction- 10%
Creativity- 20%
Enthusiasm- 10%
TOTAL : 100%
42
iii. Course Code PE 4

IV. Module Title Volleyball Hand signals and Rules
V. Overview of the Volleyball is one of the most successful and
Module popular competitive and recreational sports in the
world. It is fast, it is exciting and the action is explosive.
Yet Volleyball comprises several crucial overlapping
elements whose complimentary interactions render it
unique amongst rally games. Competition taps latent
strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit, creativity
and aesthetics. The rules are structured to allow all of
these qualities. With a few exceptions, Volleyball
allows all players to operate both at the net (in attack)
and in the back of the court (to defend or serve).
This part of the module is aimed to help you
learn more about rules and hand signals used by the
referees., It can help you at a broaden your
knowledge for the following reasons:
1.)understanding the rules better and help you better
play
2.)understanding the relationship between rules and
volleyball officials to make better decisions.
Also, you are expected to be familiarized with the how
to officiate volleyball games/understanding the rules
and hand signals used by the referees.
43
the lesson using the schedule provided, you must understand

that it is your full responsibility to complete them by the last day
of completion. Time is of the essence.
The module is designed to assess student understanding of the
assigned lessons found within the associated content of the
midterm and final period of the course. The assessment part of
the module is composed of varied types of questions. You may
see true/false, traditional multiple choice, matching, multiple
answer, completion, and/or essay. Pay attention to the answer
to the assessment questions as you move through each lesson.
After each module you will be given a summative test. Your
responses to the assessment parts of the module will be checked
and recorded.
Because the assessment questions are available within the whole
completion period and because you can reference the answers to
the questions within the content modules, we will not release the
answers within modules. However, your professors are happy to
discuss the assessments with you during their consultation time,
should you have any questions.
Good luck.
You may not work collaboratively. This is independent work.
Getting Started:
1. What do you think will happen in a sport without rules?
44
2. Why is it important to be familiarized with rules and hand signals used in volleyball?
3. Why is it respect and discipline matter in playing volleyball?
Discussion:
Competition taps latent strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit, creativity and aesthetics. The rules
are structured to allow all of these qualities. With a few exceptions, Volleyball allows all players to operate both
at the net (in attack) and in the back of the court (to defend or serve).
In recent years the FIVB has made great strides in adapting the game to a modern audience.
SOURCE: OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020/ FFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020

Approved by the 35th FIVB Congress 2016
The illustration above is the focus of the referees in officiating a game. There are many changes
happened in volleyball when it comes to the rules, but most remained the same.
The essence of a good official lies in the concept of fairness and consistency:
– to be fair to every participant, – to be viewed as fair by the spectators.
This demands a huge element of trust – the referee must be trusted to allow the players to entertain:
– by being accurate in his/her judgment; – by understanding why the rule is written; – by being an
efficient organizer; – by allowing the competition to flow and by directing it to a
45
conclusion; – by being an educator – using the rules to penalize the unfair or admonish the impolite; – by
promoting the game – that is, by allowing the spectacular elements in the game to shine and the best players to
do what they do best: entertain the public.
Finally we can say that a good referee will use the rules to make the competition a fulfilling experience
for all concerned.
RULES OF VOLLEYBALL
There are thirty rules of the game of volleyball. Each of these rules is made up of articles which address
specific aspects of the rule. Each of the articles is subject to interpretation which is usually addressed in rule books
as ‘commentary.” In some cases, there are current practices that differ from international rules. This review of the
rules is not intended to give you a complete explanation, but rather, like the rest of this brochure, just an overview of
the basics. It is critical that to be a proficient player, or just to avoid needless interruptions brought on by debate of
the rules of play, you should become very familiar with all the rules. Additionally, it should be noted that high
school, collegiate women, international competition, and beach volleyball rules all vary somewhat from what is
presented in this module.
SOURCE: www.usavolleyball.org/officiat/main.htm. Visit this page to understand more the comprehensive

rules of volleyball.
NOTE: Use your rule book to advance your own understanding of the rules, not like a traffic cop whose
job it is to point out other people’s violations.
RULE 1: Playing Area and Lines. See picture below
RULE 2: The Net and Posts. See picture below
RULE 3: The Ball. In professional league, standardized ball provided by the organizer is only accepted. But in
some leagues, any volleyball can be used.
RULE 4: The Teams. If the captain asks the first referee, before the match begins, players may participate
without shoes.
For international and USA Volleyball Open Competition, each team has the option to register on their
roster one specialized defensive player called the “Libero.”
46
RULE 5: Players Equipment. Uniforms must be similar, clean and of the same color. The Libero, if used, will
wear a uniform of contrasting color.
No jewelry is allowed except medical and religious medals or flat wedding bands. These may have to
be taped to avoid hazards for players. No casts or hard splints or braces are allowed on the upper body no matter
how much padding is used. Only soft bandages and tape are allowed.
RULE 6: Rights and Responsibilities of the Participants. Only the playing captain or coach may ask for a
time-out or substitution and only when the ball is not in play. Only the playing captain may speak to the
referees.
RULE 7: Scoring System. A volleyball match is won by the team that wins the best of three or five sets.
47
All sets are rally scored. In the rally score system, a point is awarded on each service or side out. This
means that a receiving team’s error or penalty results in a point. Likewise, a serving team’s error or penalty
results in a point and the ball for the receiving team to serve. It isn’t necessary for the winning team to be
serving when the winning point is scored.
A set is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points.
In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two point lead is achieved.
The deciding set of any match (3rd or 5th game) is played to 15 points. The winner is the first team to
achieve 15 points with a minimum lead of two points. Play is continued until a two point lead is achieved.
A default game results if a team cannot field six players or fails to begin play after the referee request.
Default games are scored either 25-0 or 15-0 depending on the set being played. In a set to 25 points, if a default
is due to injury, the losing team keeps its points and the winning team is credited with at least 25 points or up to
27 if necessary to provide a two point victory.
RULE 8: Preparation for the Match: A coin is tossed at the beginning of the match. The winner of the coin
toss may choose to serve, receive the serve, or the side of the court. The same choices are offered at a toss
before the deciding game of a match if one is needed. After each set of a match, players change sides of the
court and bench areas at courtside.
RULE 9: Team Line-up. At least two minutes prior to a match and thirty seconds prior to the expiration of the
intermission between games, a coach or game captain submits the team line-up.
RULE 10: Players’ Positions and Rotation. At the moment the ball is contacted by the server, each team
must be completely within its own side of the court in two rows of three players. The rows may be staggered.
Each player in the front row must have at least a part of one foot closer to the center line than both feet
of the corresponding back row player.
Each right (left) side player must have at least a part of one foot closer to the sideline than both feet of
the center player in the corresponding row. The server is exempt from the application of this rule.
When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players must rotate one position clockwise.
48
RULE 11: Substitution of Players. The act by which the referees authorize a player to leave the court and a
substitute to occupy that position.
If used, the Libero player must be recorded on the scoresheet before the match and indicated on the
roster. His/her number must also be added on the line-up sheet of the first set.
The Libero: • Must wear a jersey of contrasting color to his/her teammates.
• Is restricted to perform as a back-row player.
• Is not allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere.
• Is not allowed to serve, block or attempt to block.
• Is not allowed to set a teammate for an attack hit when the Libero is in front of the 3 meter line. The Libero
may set a teammate when the Libero is completely behind the 3 meter line.
• Is allowed to replace any back-row player on any dead ball.
• Is not counted as a regular substitution and has unlimited entries. A rally must occur between Libero
replacements.
• Can only be replaced by the player whom he/she replaced.
• Substitution occurs on the sideline between the endline and three-meter line and need not be authorized by a
referee. An injured or ill player has 30 seconds to decide whether to continue playing or exit the game. After 30
seconds, the team must take a time-out or replace the player.
RULE 12: States of Play. The ball is in play when it is legally contacted for service.
The ball is out of play when:
• It does not cross the net completely between the antennas.
• It hits the floor, wall or a floor obstruction.
• It hits something 7 m (23’) or more above the playing area or anything in the non-playing area
including the antenna.
• It passes fully under the net or outside the antennas.
• A player commits a fault.
49
• A served ball hits the net or other object.

• A referee whistle sounds, even if inadvertent.
RULE 13: Playing Faults. Any playing action contrary to the rules is a playing fault.
The consequence of a fault is loss of rally. The opponent of the team committing the fault wins the rally
and is awarded a point.
If opponents simultaneously commit a fault, a double fault is called and the rally is replayed. If
opponents commit faults at nearly the same time, the 1st referee must determine which one happened first and
only penalize that one.
RULE 14: Playing the Ball. Each team is entitled to three hits (in addition to blocking) to return the ball to
their opponents.
A fault occurs when:
• The ball is held, thrown or pushed.
• A team contacts the ball more than three times consecutively. Except when the first contact is the result of
a block.
• A ball touches a player twice in succession or the ball touches the body twice in succession.
• Players are out of position at service.
• A ball is illegally served.
• An Illegal block occurs.
• A player enters a non-playing area to play the ball.
• A player touches the net or antenna.
• A player attacks the ball above the opponent court or steps in an opponent’s court
• A player reaches under the net and touches either the ball or the opponent.
• A ball lands outside a court or strikes an object.
• A ball is played by a player being supported by a teammate.
50
RULE 15: Ball at the Net. The ball must completely cross the net between the antennas and their imaginary
extension upward to the ceiling.
A ball may touch the net while crossing it except when serving. International rules do allow serves to
touch the net. A ball may be played out of the net within the realm of the three hits allowed to return the ball to
your opponent.
RULE 16: Player at the Net. It is a fault to touch any part of the net or antennas, except for incidental contact
by a player’s hair and insignificant contact by a player not involved in the action of playing the ball.
No fault is committed if the ball is hit into the net with such force that the net strikes a player. If both
opponents hit the net at the same time, the first referee calls for a replay. Touching the net supports accidentally
is not a fault unless it interferes with play.
Touching the opponent’s playing area with any part of your body except your feet or hands is a fault.
Touching the opponent’s area with hands or feet is not a fault providing the encroachment occurs on or above
the centerline.
Attacking players may hit a ball back to a member of the attacking team even if it has penetrated the
vertical plane of the net providing the entire ball has not broken the vertical plane of the net.
RULE 17: Service. The server stands behind the endline and hits the ball so that it flies over the net, between
the antennas, and into the opponent’s court. The server may not touch the endline or step into the court prior to
making contact with the ball.
The referee beckons for each serve and it must be taken within eight seconds.
The serve is surrendered to the opposing team when any of the following serving faults occur:
• The ball touches the net. Note: International rules allow a served ball to touch the net as it crosses to the
opponents court.
• The ball goes under the net.
• The ball touches an antenna.
• The served ball does not stay within the imaginary lines created by the antennas.
• The ball touches a player before crossing the net.
• The ball lands outside the opponent’s court.
51
• The server is standing on or touches the end line.

In addition, if a player serves out of turn, the team loses service and any points won during those
services. The players must move back to correct positions.
The receiving team must not be screened from seeing the serve. All players must also be in proper
positions relative to one another when the ball is served. They may move to other positions only after the server
contacts the ball initiating a rally.
Jump serves are allowed providing the jump is taken while the server is in the proper service area
regardless of whether the server strikes the ball while over the court or not.
RULE 18: Attack Hit. All actions directing the ball to the opponents court except for a serve or block. A front-
row player can carry-out an attack hit at any height. A back-row player can’t strike a ball in front of the attack
line until the ball is at least partially below the top of the net. Spiking above the net by a back-row player is
allowed providing the player jumped from behind the attack line regardless of where he/she lands.
RULE 19: Block. Blocking is the action that deflects the ball coming from the opponent by a player close to
the net reaching higher than the net.
RULE 20: Regular Game Interruptions: Each team is allowed two thirty second timeouts in each game. They
may be called back to back.
RULE 21: Delays to the Game: Any action of a team that delays the resumption of the game or match is a
team delay.
RULE 22: Exceptional Game Interruptions: Referees will stop play as soon as they notice an injured player
or an object on the court. A replay is called when the game is resumed.
RULE 23: Intervals and Changes of Court: The interval between games is three minutes. During this time
teams change courts and line-ups are submitted.
RULE 24: Misconduct: Individual sanctions may be assessed against a player or coach for a variety of
unsportsmanlike actions during or between games including: shouting at an opponent; addressing officials about
their decisions; trying to distract an opponent; or coaching in a disruptive manner.
Yellow or Warning Card. This is given for minor unsporting offenses. A second yellow card to an individual
will result in an automatic red card.
52
Red or Penalty Card. This is given for serious offenses. If a team is serving and receives a red card, they will
lose the serve. When rally scoring their opponent also is awarded a point. If the team receiving serve get a red
card, their opponent will receive a point.
Expulsion. This is given for extremely offensive behavior. The player is out for the rest of the game. No
additional penalty is given.
Disqualification. This is called when a player receives a second expulsion during a match or when physical
aggression is shown toward an official, another player, or a spectator. The player is ordered from the playing
area for the balance of the match. No other penalty is given.
RULE 25: Corps of Officials and Procedures: The corps of officials is comprised of a first referee, second
referee, scorekeeper, and two or four line judges.
RULE 26: First Referee: The first Referee is in full control of the match including settling all questions of
rules and those things not covered by rules.
The first Referee has the right to overrule all other officials. The first Referee also has the power to impose
sanctions on players.
The first Referee is positioned at one end of the net; with her/his head approximately 19” above the net. After
blowing a whistle to stop play, the first Referee uses hand signals to indicate who won the point, the fault
committed, or replay.
RULE 27: Second Referee: The second Referee is concerned with such matters as service order of each team,
keeping time, assisting in making calls, supervision of substitutions, signaling the end of play, and replacing the
first Referee, if necessary.
The second Referee is positioned on the floor at the opposite end of the net from the first referee.
RULE 28: Scorekeeper: The scorekeeper sits on the side of the court opposite the 1st Referee and records all
scores, makes sure the serving order and rotation are correct, keeps track of substitutions and time outs, and
keeps track of protests. The scorekeeper also indicates when a team has scored an 8th point in a deciding game
so that sides can be switched.
RULE 29: Line Judges: Line judges are positioned at the intersection of the sideline and end line. One is to the
right of the 1st referee and the other stands to the right of the 2nd referee. Line judges signal balls in bounds, out of
bounds, and foot faults. They also call balls touching,
53
passing over or outside the antenna, “pancake” saves or hits, and ball contact with players or objects. Flags may
be used at the discretion of the 1st referee.
RULE 30: CHALLENGE: There is now a challenge used in volleyball. Two consecutive errors/fault in request of
using a challenge per team will loose the teams power in using challenge.
RULE 31: HAND SIGNALS. See the illustrations below made by the referees and line judge during the
volleyball game.
INDOOR HAND SIGNALS
1. Move the hand to indicate the direction of service 2. Extend the arm to the side of the team that will
serve
54
4. Place the palm of one hand over the fingers of the

3. Raise the forearms front and back and twist other,
them around the body held vertically (forming a "T") and then
indicate the requesting team
55
5. Circular motion of the forearms around each 6. Show a yellow card for warning. Show a red card
other for penalty
8. Show red and yellow cards separately for

7. Show both cards jointly for expulsion
disqualification
56
9. Cross the forearms in front of the chest, hands 10. Life the extended arm, the palm of the hand
open facing upwards
11. Raise eight fingers, spread open 12. Raise both arms vertically, palms forward
57
13. Make a circular motion with the

14. Point the arm and fingers toward the floor
forefinger
15. Raise the forearms vertically, hands open, palms 16. Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand facing
toward the body upwards
58
17. Raise two fingers, spread open 18. Raise four fingers, spread open
20. Place a hand above the net, palm facing

19. Indicate the respective side of the net
downwards
59
21. Make a downward motion with the 22. Point to the center line or to the respective line
forearm, hand open
24. Brush with the palm of one hand the fingers of the
other, held
vertically. USAV: Brush fingers of opposite hand once
23. Raise both thumbs vertically over palm of
vertical hand
60
25. Cover the wrist with a yellow card

26. Place hands together (palms facing each other)
(warning) and with a red
overhead
card (penalty)
Lines 1. Point down with flag Lines 2. Raise flag vertically

61
Lines 4. Wave flag over the head and point to

Lines 3. Raise flag and touch the top with the palm of
the antenna or the
the free hand
respective line
Lines 5. Raise and cross both arms and hands

in front of the chest
62
BEACH HAND SIGNALS
1. Move the hand to indicate the direction of service 2. Extend the arm to the side of the team that will
serve
3. Raise the forearms front and back and twist 4. Place the palm of one hand over the fingers of the
them around the body other,
63
held vertically (forming a "T") and then

indicate the requesting team
5. Show a yellow card for warning 6. Show a red card for penalty
64
8. Show red and yellow cards separately for

7. Show both cards jointly for expulsion
disqualification
9. Cross the forearms in front of the chest, hands 10. Life the extended arm, the palm of the hand
open facing upwards
65
11. Raise five fingers, spread open 12. Raise both arms vertically, palms forward
13. Make a circular motion with the

14. Point the arm and fingers toward the floor
forefinger
66
15. Raise the forearms vertically, hands open, palms 16. Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand facing
toward the body upwards
17. Raise two fingers, spread open 18. Raise four fingers, spread open
67
19. Indicate the relevant side of the net with the 20. Place a hand above the net, palm facing
corresponding hand downwards
21. Make a downward motion with the 22. Point to the court under the net or to the
forearm, hand open respective line
68
24. Brush with the palm of one hand the fingers of the
23. Raise both thumbs vertically other, held
vertically
25. Cover the wrist with a yellow card 26. USAV: Make a circular motion of the
(warning) or with a red card (penalty) forearms with closed fists
around each other. Subs will only be used in Triples,
Quads and 6 persons play
69
Lines 1. Point down with the flag Lines 2. Raise the flag vertically
Lines 3. Raise the flag and touch the top with Lines 4. Wave flag over the head and point to
the palm of the the antenna or the
free hand respective line
70
SOURCES: https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Volleyball/SportKit/Players/Guide-to-volleyball-
basics/Official-Hand-Signals
2013 Guide to Volleyball Basics – by SGMA Volleyball Council & USA Volleyball 3 ver 5.1.04
Assessment 1: (Volleyball Rules)

Write true if the statement is correct otherwise write false if the statement is incorrect.
Write the answer on the space provided before each number.
__________1. Each team is allowed three contacts by the rules.
__________2. The front court area is identified so that no backrow player may come into that
area to set.
_ _________3. The players rotate counter clockwise upon gaining the serve following an error
of the opponent.
__________4. The server may serve the ball from any place behind the back boundary line.
___________5. The ball contacting the block constitutes one of the three allowable contacts
for the defensive team.
___________6. A player may never play the ball twice in succession.
___________7. A player may not contact the net nor completely step across the center line into
the opponents court.
__________8. The first team to score 25 points and ahead by at least 2 points win the game.
___________9. When the ball is dead, players must be in proper rotation order and no back row
player may overlap with a front row player.
71
___________10. The height of the net is the same for men, women and co-ed competition.
___________11. The blockers may not contact the ball until it crosses the net.
___________12. Ball handling skills constitute at least two-thirds of the contacts during play.
___________13. The forearm pass is the most frequently used ball handling skill but is more likely
to be called by the official for a violation.
___________14. The overhand pass is the most controllable ball handling skill.
___________15. The serve has a high expected success rate.
___________16. Only the serving team can score.
___________17. The spike is the only technique available for attacking the opponents.
______________18. To attack successfully the ball must be contacted at a point above the net.
___________19. For every ball attacked by the opponents, there should be an attempt to block
it.
___________20. Defensive systems are developed around the block.
___________21. Libero must wear the same color of jersey worn by his/her teammates.
___________22. The first Referee has the right to overrule all other officials. The first Referee also
has the power to impose sanctions on players.
___________23. Line judges are positioned at the intersection of the sideline and end line.
___________24. A fault occurs if a player attacks the ball above the opponent court or steps in
an opponent’s court.
___________25. A coin is tossed at the beginning of the match. The winner of the coin toss may
choose to serve, receive the serve, or the side of the court.
Assessment 2: (Volleyball Hand Signals)

Submit photos (collated) of you performing at least 15 of the hand signals. And provide Explanation in each photos.
APPLICATION (Module Requiremnt)

Watch a volleyball match in cellphone or TV. Make a 2-3 minute video tutorials how to play volleyball.
Your teacher will send you the submission link for this activity.
Suggested Links:
VOLLEYBALL WEB SITES USA VOLLEYBALL – usavolleyball.org - Find information on the USA
National Teams, Youth and Junior High Performance and programming information, regional office links,
coaching and officiating tips, the FAQ list, beach, disabled, youth volleyball and
72
more. This is also where USA Volleyball’s Coaching Accreditation Program is based, including their annual
schedule of courses, and we urge you to take your current experience and expand it through a USA CAP course.
FIVB (Federation International de Volleyball) – fivb.org - Ever expanding information on what is happening
in the 217 member National Federations around the world, in both indoor and the beach game. The site for the
World Championships, World League, Grand Prix and World Beach Volleyball Series. Updated information
and press releases.
American Volleyball Coaches Association – avca.org - Home page for the AVCA, something every volleyball
group should have at least one member in. Please give serious consideration to joining this association; it is one of
the best resources you can find in sport, not just volleyball.
Volleyball Worldwide – volleyball.org - One of the first 1,000 web sites on Yahoo. It is the grandfather of all
places to get information and the links to other volleyball sites.
www.prepvolleyball.com - The best High School website around.
References/Attributions:
2020 SportsEngine, https://www.volleyhall.org/page/show/3821594-history-of-volleyball
https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.htm
https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/learn-volleyball-terms/
http://www.wysc.org/Page.asp?n=3259
https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety-volleyball.html
https://welovevolleyball.co/benefits-playing-volleyball/
High School and College, Sports Performance Training, For Players, multi-vid. Dated: December 20, 2016
SOURCE:https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/10-volleyball-specific-strength-exercises/ OFFICIAL
VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020/ FFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020
Approved by the 35th FIVB Congress 2016
https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Volleyball/SportKit/Players/Guide-to-volleyball-basics/Official-Hand- Signals

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1

Contact Number: 09770593285 – Prof. Aveto

knowledge about volleyball. This is divided into two

equipment, and benefits and safety precautions of

VII. General Instructions

understanding of the assigned lessons found within the

You may not work collaboratively. This is independent

Lesson1. History of and Terminologies in Volleyball

Latest Volleyball News from the NCAA and NAIA.

Timeline of Significant Volleyball Events

In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.

In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.

In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.

In 1934, national volleyball referees were approved and recognized.

In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.

In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.

In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.

In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.

In 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.

In 1990, the World League was created.

In 1995, the sport of volleyball was 100 years old!

In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.

ACE– A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point

ATTACK ERROR– An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following:

BACKCOURT– The area from the endline to the attack line

BUMP– a common term for forearm passing

DINK– A legal push of the ball around or over blockers

DOUBLE HIT– Successive hits or contacts by the same player (Illegal)

FIVE SET– A back set to the right front hitter

FOUL– A violation of the rules

HITTER– Also “spiker” or “attacker”

HITTING PERCENTAGE– kills vs. attempts

INSIDE SHOOT– A playset or a 33.

KEY– To predict a team’s next play by observation of patterns or habits.

KILL– An attack that results in an immediate point or side out

LINE– The marks that serve as boundaries of a court

original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan

SERVER – The player who puts the ball into play

SOURCE: https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/learn-volleyball-terms/ Court

REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING BEFORE PLAYING VOLLEYBALL!

Use the right gear:

• Knee pads to protect the knees when sliding or falling.

• Padded shorts to protect the hips when diving for a ball.

• Mouthguards to protect the teeth, lips, cheeks, and tongue.

Safe Volleyball Training

To prevent injuries during training, players should:

• Get a sports physical before starting any training program.

• Always warm up and stretch before practice and matches.

• Play different sports throughout the year to prevent overuse injuries.

Reviewed by: Amy W. Anzilotti, MD

Dealing with Sports Injuries

Types of Sports Injuries

Common reasons why teens get injured playing sports include:

• not training or playing properly

There are two kinds of sports injuries:

Call a doctor when:

Where Injuries Happen

Head and Neck Injuries

Sex Organ Injuries

Hand and Wrist Injuries

Foot and Ankle Injuries