Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cabling Installation & Maintenance June 18
Cabling Installation & Maintenance June 18
AUGMENTED PAGE 29
INSTALLATION PAGE 5
The necessity of
fiber inspection
DESIGN PAGE 7
Rounding up field-
terminated plugs
TECHNOLOGY PAGE 21
Where does
multimode hand off
to singlemode?
w w w.c a b li n g i n s t a ll .c o m
FEATURES
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5 INSTALLATION 18 DATA CENTER EDITORIAL OFFICES
Fiber cleaning and inspection: IBYC Ensure your multifiber cabling Cabling Installation & Maintenance
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7 DESIGN
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21 TECHNOLOGY President and Chief Executive Officer
Mark C. Wilmoth
What you need to know about Multimode and singlemode Executive Vice President, Corporate Development
and Strategy Jayne A. Gilsinger
direct attach connectors cabling options for data centers Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial
Officer Brian Conway
TIM LEHOTSKY PATRICK MCLAUGHLIN
TECHNOLOGY GROUP
Senior Vice President, Publishing Director & CMO
14 WIRELESS June Griffin
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DEPARTMENTS
Cabling Installation & Maintenance ® (ISSN 1073-3108), Volume 26, No. 6.
Cabling Installation & Maintenance is published 12 times a year, monthly by
32 INFRASTRUCTURE INSIGHTS
Plymouth, MN 55447. Cabling Installation & Maintenance is a registered
trademark. © PennWell Corporation 2018. All rights reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. We make portions of our
Pass Snap
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COMBINATION BOXES
F O R N E W CO N ST R U C T I O N . . . A N D F O R R ET R O F I T P R O J EC TS
Arlington 800/233-4717 • www.arlingtonlowvoltage.com Patented. Other patents pending. © 2013 Arlington Industries, Inc.
W H AT 'S N E W AT
www.cablinginstall.com
A WAP upside
the head
CABLE MANAGEMENT It's been drilled into all of us that the argument,
Cabling and enclosures for "That's the way we've always done it," isn't really
broadcast applications much of an argument at all, but more like an ad-
mission of defeat. When that's my only explana-
INTERNET OF THINGS tion for why I'm doing something a certain way,
Molex, Deco collaborate on I have lost. If the current method is still the best,
PoE lighting or is even still valid, then there's a better case
to be made for it than, "That's the way we've al-
PATRICK McLAUGHLIN ways done it."
patrick@pennwell.com This reality hit me recently when I was ques-
tioned about some terminology we use here in
Cabling Installation & Maintenance and on our website, cablinginstall.com.
Specifically, I got in the midst of a fun and spirited Twitter discussion (check us
out @cablingmag) about the use of the acronym WAP to mean wireless access
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS point. Tweeter @JenniferLucille stated, "They're not WAPs. Stop saying WAPs
ERICO, Caddy brands spin please" (hashtags excluded). When @TheGoldChain replied "Wireless Access
out as part of nVent Points," (emojis excluded), @JenniferLucille responded, "The word 'wireless' is
unnecessary. APs is the appropriate term" (emojis and other hashtag shenani-
gans excluded).
Then I got pulled in. @petergjones noted that we, along with others he knows
in the cabling trade, use the term "WAP" pretty consistently. Because I was
wearing my smarty pants that day, I said that if redundancy is the concern,
then we'll stop calling them "WAPs" when everyone stops using the term "NIC
DATA CENTER card." Network interface card card. Now there's some redundancy for you. But
Light-colored cabinet, when the discusson got real, I could not remember exactly why we began us-
accessories ing the term "WAP" rather than "AP" to mean wireless access point. More than
a decade ago, we put it to an audience vote. WAP won, and we've been using
the term since.
But now I don't remember why "WAP" came into favor in the first place. Why
did we even put it to a vote? I have this nagging vague memory that "AP" may
TESTING also have meant something other than "access point," and using "WAP" to mean
Fiber wireless access point avoided confusion. But you know what I am right now?
troubleshooter Confused. Furthermore, today WAP also stands for Wireless Access Protocol
blends power and Wireless Application Protocol. So maybe a more-than-a-decade-old online
meter, VFL poll isn't the best ground upon which to stand.
functions Please weigh in. Email me, Tweet us, or visit our Facebook or LinkedIn page
to let us know which term you use, and why. I promise you we'll listen to what
you have to say. That's the way we've always done it.
www.AFLglobal.com/85
864.433.0333
?
Proactively following the IBYC process
for both sides of a fiber connection is the
only way to ensure fiber connectors are
free of contamination.
In the next article in this series,
Inspect Sticklers Fiber Optic Cleaners and VIAVI
NO YES
Clean Connect will discuss the value of IBYC and why it
should be followed proactively. We will
also look at why all fiber connectors (even
new) should be cleaned and inspected. u
Ruggedized
Solutions
As LANs continue to extend beyond the everyday
office space into harsh environments like laboratories,
hospitals, food prep areas, warehouses, industrial
plants and more, Siemon Ruggedized infrastructure
solutions protect your critical network connections
from dust, moisture, chemicals and vibration.
www.siemon.com/ruggedized
This is
Hubbell’s
The structured cabling industry refers So now that direct attach
to a certain connector type as a “di- we under- plug, which is
rect-attach plug” or “field-terminated stand why it is available in Category 6
plug.” Simply stated, it is a plug that is a field terminated and Category 6A performance.
installed at the end of a horizontal cable, plug and not a jack,
allowing the cable to be directly con- what is wrong with a clear A typical outlet faceplate,
nected to an end device (think camera plastic plug you could buy like this one from Hubbell,
or wireless access point). On many oc- from your favorite electron- will have an identification
casions I have heard clients ask, “What ics store and crimp onto the number for the entire
do you mean I can’t crimp a connector end of a cable? outlet.
on the end of a horizontal cable and plug A while ago I helped a
it into my wireless access point?” Well, friend build a peer-to-peer coding on the connector, so
now you can. network in his father’s office. you need to memorize the
To clear up some possible confu- I did the cabling (Category 5 wiring pin-out. Second, if you
sion, let’s first discuss the use of the at the time), and he installed don’t use enough compres-
term “plug,” particularly as it is used the Novell Netware 3.12 sion the wires will pull out
in the structured cabling industry. (which should give you an idea of how of the contacts or the sheath will pull out
Many people—and even some techni- long ago this was). I didn’t know a patch of the strain relief. Third, what may visu-
cal documents—will refer to the con- panel from a faceplate jack, from a J-hook. ally appear (and even initially tested) as
nector at the end of a patch cord as an I crimped on RJ-45s at both ends. As we a properly installed connector, may over
“RJ-45 jack.” This article will not dis- brought up each workstation, about half time fail if tension is applied to the cable,
cuss why the term “RJ-45” is techni- did not work. Not only did I learn what thus loosening the strain relief and possi-
cally incorrect, but notice the use of a link light does, I also learned how and bly dislodging the connections between
the term “jack.” “Jack” is a commonly why those connectors are a bad idea. Yes, the contacts in the connector and the
and broadly used term, but in our in- I am certain there are technicians who twisted-pair cable. The new generation of
dustry, the connector that is inserted are fantastic at installing these connec- field installed plugs described in this arti-
into a patch panel jack, a wireless ac- tors, but there are inherent features of this cle offer improvements such as color-cod-
cess point, or a computer’s network connector that will always make them ing, 110-style insulation displacement ter-
interface card is technically referred less reliable than that of a factory-in- mination of conductors, and improved
to as a plug. stalled connector. First, there’s no color cable strain relief.
TABLE 3.
The field terminated plugs included in 110-style ter-
this article are those we are familiar with mination hard- Manufacturer 110-style punch- Flush cutters Parallel Proprietary
and have worked with. The information ware. A few use down tool jaw pliers tool
in the tables comes directly from data tools specifically Belden No No No Yes
sheets and other literature produced by made for their CommScope No Yes Yes No
Hubbell No Yes No No
these manufacturers. Plugs from other termination
Leviton No Yes No No
manufacturers also are available. hardware, and
OCC No Yes Yes No
Not every connector is compati- in both those Ortronics Legrand No Yes Yes No
ble with every type of cable. Some work cases, the same Panduit No Yes Yes Yes
TABLE 5.
However, in cases where wiring stan-
Manufacturer Temperature Plenum UL listings Front mating Reterminating dard T568A is used that may pres-
rating (deg. C) rated? cycles cycles ent a challenge because not all plugs
Belden N/A Yes 1863, 2043 750 20 we looked at are compatible with both
CommScope -10 to +60 Yes 1863, 2043 N/A 20 T568A and T568B.
Hubbell N/A No N/A N/A
Additionally, there is also a variety
Leviton N/A Yes 1863, 2043 N/A N/A
of ways these plugs provide strain re-
OCC -40 to +70 N/A 1863 750 N/A
Ortronics Legrand -40 to +75 No 1863 N/A 5 lief; some use a simple tie-wrap, others
Panduit -10 to +65 Yes 1863, 2043 2500 20 use compression where the cable is com-
pressed by two parallel pieces of mate-
plenum-rated. Some TABLE 6. rial. Some even use a form of compres-
manufacturers list the Manufacturer PoE compatibility (by stan- PoE compatibility sion that appears to uniformly compress
number of mating cy- dard) (in watts) the perimeter of the cable.
cles and the number Belden 100 Finally, we pointed out earlier that
of times a plug may CommScope IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at and some manufacturers identified how
be reterminated and proposed 802.3bt many times their field terminated plug
still meet the perfor- Hubbell Proposed IEEE 802.3bt, Type may be reused, but we found that while
3 and 4
mance criteria. some manufacturers do not specifi-
Leviton 100
An IP rating is de- cally identify how many times their
OCC IEEE 802.3at
fined by standard IEC Ortronics Legrand 100 plug may be reterminated, they do state
60529. It classifies the Panduit IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at, and in their product literature that they
degrees of protection proposed 802.3bt Type 3 and 4 may be reused.
provided against the in- Labeling and identification will con-
trusion of solid objects (including body manufacturers have included other tinue to necessitate some creativity with
parts like hands and fingers), such as dust, noteworthy features that are worth regards to field terminated plugs. An
accidental contact, and water. An IP rat- mentioning, including color options, outlet faceplate will often have an iden-
ing of 20 represents protection from fin- dust protection caps, and extended re- tification number for the entire out-
gers and solid objects greater than 12.5 lease hatches. let (e.g. 7A-101: floor 7, telecom room A,
mm, but carries no protection from the in- You also should consider some other outlet 101). While many applications
gress of water. features when reviewing your options. for the field terminated plug may con-
Power over Ethernet or PoE could be T568B is the dominant conductor pin- sist of only one terminated cable, con-
a topic of an article all by itself. If you go out assignment for jacks and plugs. sider the application where there may
back and look at the list of devices that
we expect these types of connectors to TABLE 7.
be used you’ll notice they are nearly all
Manufacturer Multiple colors Dust Extended release Strain relief
Wiring May be
PoE devices. The IEEE PoE standards are cap hatch standard reused?
evolving (IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt). Belden N/A N/A N/A Compression T568A, N/A
Manufacturers list their PoE compatibility T568B
in different ways—some in terms of what CommScope Yes black, white N/A N/A Tie wrap N/A Yes
standard the connector is compatible Hubbell N/A Yes Yes Cylindrical T568A, Yes
with, others simply by listing a maximum compression T568B
Leviton N/A N/A Yes Cylindrical T568A, Yes
power in watts. Table 6 includes PoE com-
compression T568B
patibility information taken directly from
OCC N/A Yes Yes Cylindrical N/A N/A
the manufacturers’ respective data sheets. compression
Ortronics Legrand Yes clear, black, Yes Yes Tie wrap T568A, Yes
Other features and concerns blue T568B
Earlier we discussed some of these Panduit N/A Yes Yes Compression T568A, Yes
plugs’ technical specifications. Some T568B
When your distributor says they can sell you some cheap, “min. compliance” cables, they actually mean, “buy
at your own risk - I am not responsible.” One failed job and your company’s reputation goes down the drain.
At ICC, we make sure every cable with Reelex II® tangle-free achieves “FULL COMPLIANCE”. Plus, our pricing
is 20%~40%* below those “min. compliance” cables. Call one of our stocking distributors for our pricing and
don’t fall for the “min. compliance” scheme.
Permanent link
Consolidation
Permanent link Permanent link
point cabling
test equipment test equipment
(optional) Horizontal cabling
cord cord
Test
T Telecomunications Horizontal T
Test
Consolidation
equipment outlet cross-connect equipment
point connector
(optional) or interconnect
The ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 standard, which defines the permanent link, does not recognize the direct attach plug. Rather, the
“C.2” standard requires that a horizontal cable is terminated onto a modular jack at the work area to provide flexible access
to the user.
be multiple cables. Multiple cables, ter- from a manufacturer that differs from test method does not incorporate the
minated on jacks set in a faceplate, are that of the rest of the structured ca- patch cord at the work area outlet and
easy to organize and identify as well as bling system. Many manufacturers of- the patch cord in the telecom room.
label in compliance with TIA 606 stan- fer a 25-year or lifetime performance Traditional test equipment setup will
dards. However, two or more cables with warranty. The introduction of another include a field tester main unit at one
field terminated plugs, coiled in a ceil- manufacturer’s connector may present end of the link, and a remote unit at the
ing, suspended from a J-hook, are not a complication. other end. This permanent link is de-
grouped by a faceplate. Short of using picted in the diagram.
two different colored horizontal cables, Testing The test equipment is connected to
clearly distinguishing between the two The ANSI/TIA-568 series is one of the the horizontal cable with permanent
cables will take some forethought. This dominant structured cabling standards, link adapter test cables at both ends of
is not a problem that cannot be over- with the current version being ANSI/ the horizontal cable. The test equipment
come, just something to point out. If the TIA-568-C.2. Currently the direct at- is calibrated to exclude any performance
field termination plugs were available in tached plug is not recognized by this data measured in the link adapter test
multiple colors, this would help. version of the standard, which requires cables. This presents a problem when
Dust infiltration during installation that a horizontal cable be terminated field terminated plugs are introduced. If
is another concern. Often these cables onto a modular jack at the work area to the field terminated plug is connected
will be installed and tested and then left provide flexible access to the user. This directly into the test equipment, the test
to sit while the rest of the construction flexible access is provided by the use of results will not be accurate. Most man-
is completed. This may mean that plugs a work area patch cord. The absence of ufacturers have published documents
installed on cables either suspended the field terminated plug in the current prescribing the test procedures. At least
in the ceiling or coiled inside an elec- 568-C.2 standard has up until now led one manufacturer has provided their
trical box are exposed to particulates. to challenges when it comes to testing. own permanent link test adapter cable.
Protecting the metal contacts from dust Recent innovations by the structured The test equipment manufacturers also
is an immediate worry. Some manufac- cabling manufacturers have largely re- have provided instructions on how to
turers include a dust cap that has a snug duced these challenges. certify these connectors. As a result, an
fit, however will remain attached if the Structured cabling system are tested effective means of testing direct attach
connector get jarred. Perhaps a dust cap to validate that the installation com- plugs, that yields accurate test results,
with a tethered connection to the jack, plies with the performance requirement has been made readily available.
similar to the caps that are often found of the cable and connectors. When hor- Much of this has been incorporated
on individual connectors, would be a izontal cables are certified they are of- into the soon-to-be ratified ANSI/TIA-
good improvement. ten tested using the configuration pre- 568.2-D standard. A number of other
Warranty is another consideration, scribed in the standard, defined as the manufacturers also have begun to pro-
particularly if you plan to use a connector permanent link. Simply stated, this duce their own adapter cables and
Horizontal cross-connect
or interconnect Telecommunications
outlet
Horizontal cabling
Test
equipment Test
equipment
A permanent link test setup is shown here. The test equipment is calibrated to exclude any performance data measured in
the link adapter test cables, which presents a challenge when field terminated plugs are introduced. Most manufacturers
have published documents that prescribe test procedures for connections made using their field terminated plugs.
test documentation to simplify the or the construction community to develop introduce transmission failures and in-
testing process. a new product or installation method that crease labor to correct the errors.
becomes a viable installation practice be- It probably hasn’t surprised anyone
What about standards? fore it is adopted by the standards organi- that the standards bodies have now
As previously stated, the current ANSI/ zation. The direct attach plug is another accepted these connectors and are in
TIA-568-C.2 standard does not recog- example of this. the process of formally recognizing
nize the field terminated plug. Instead, The opportunities to deploy a field them. Additionally, concerns over how
it requires that a horizontal cable be ter- terminated plug are plentiful. Earlier we to test field terminated plugs have
minated on a telecommunications out- discussed the obvious ones—WiFi ac- been addressed, making their effective
let to provide flexible access to the user. cess points, room schedulers, surveil- deployment easier. As a result we ex-
There are current standards (such as lance cameras and others. One other in- pect to see field terminated plug use
ANSI/TIA-862-B.1) that do currently rec- teresting application we learned from in the industry become common. As
ognize the use of field terminated plugs. one manufacturer is using the field ter- we have pointed out, there are some
This should provide some peace of mind minated plug at the consolidation point. areas where we would like to see some
and confidence to those designers and end The consolidation point, as defined by improvements (color coding, dust/
users who want to deploy them today. ANSI/TIA-568, must be a mated connec- physical protection, administration),
However, good news for the industry tion, which makes the use of field termi- but nonetheless we are excited to see
came last year when the TIA TR-42.7 sub- nated plugs ideal. With the proliferation the field terminated plug become a vi-
committee agreed to include field termi- of IP-enabled devices, we expect to see able alternative to traditional con-
nated modular plug (referred to as mod- new uses develop. struction methods. u
ular plug terminated links) within its As with any new technology, caution
normative annex. This will be incorpo- should be exercised when a new connec- Tim Lehotsky is vice president of building
technology systems for WSP USA (wsp.com).
rated into the ANSI/TIA-568.2-D, cur- tor is first introduced. We learned from
WSP USA, formerly WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff,
rently in draft status. one manufacturer, while the installation is the United States operating company of the
It is common in the telecommunica- process is not complex, failure to follow global engineering and professional services
tions industry for either the manufacturers the manufacturer’s instructions may firm WSP.
US Companies Lose
$9 Billion a Year Because
Of Poor Cellular Reception.
whole—have a certain set of expec- video. Having wireless access for all is new and legacy lab systems, research
tations and self-defining traits in or- a necessary requirement. equipment of all kinds, and sensitive
der to be an innovative, successful or- Within this video environment is and critical control systems. The LAN
ganization. Collaboration across all high-speed, high-definition video con- architecture needs to be able to sup-
fronts, especially in today’s digital age, trol systems and high-performance port all aspects of different needs, and
is foundational to most business suc- computing modeling and simulation, enable a range of technologies from
cesses. At Sullivan Park in particular, which require dormant network ca- varying generations.
collaboration is achieved through elec- pacity demand. The facility itself is From an external business perspec-
tronic lab notebooks and interactive a complex environment with both tive, the facility provides tours for vis-
itors ranging from customers and sup-
pliers to national labs and universities.
The performance of showcase tech-
nologies and demos displayed for an
external audience can have a lasting
impact on impression and possibly af-
fect business. Sullivan Park had ex-
perienced generations of LAN cabling
technologies over the last few decades,
including thicknet and thinnet coax-
ial, twisted pair, and fiber to the desk,
s at
V isit u r lando and more recently, cellular wireless
O
C O Live!, 018
and WiFi. However, this trend of im-
C I S - 14, 2 plementing a twisted-pair network
10
June 1933 alongside separate cellular services
Boot h creates distance, capacity, space, and
cost challenges that ultimately will
not help Sullivan Park—or any other
organization looking to be collabora-
tive and high-performing—effectively
achieving goals.
A unified network that runs every-
thing from a single architecture is no lon-
ger the technology of tomorrow, but of to-
Multi Media
Enclosure
Shown here is the side view of a cleaning tip of a push-to-clean tool on an MPO
connector.
damage the surface of the optical termini. cleaning. These MPO cleaning tools are
Because no cleaning process is ever becoming more widely available, but it is
fully guaranteed, it is important to visu- important to ensure the device is from
ally inspect the termini for contamina- an established vendor that offers qual-
tion; this helps to identify the possible ity cleaning tools because a cheap, poorly
sources of the contamination. Steps can made tool will damage endfaces.
then be taken to try to eliminate the root Start by selecting an optical-grade lint-
problem. Inspection is also beneficial as free wipe specifically engineered for clean-
the technician will know when the termi- ing fiber. Next, add the cleaning fluid to
nus surface is free of contamination and the wipe. Dampen the tool by passing it
ready for the connector pair to be mated. over the wipe. Do not saturate the tool as
The most effective method to elim- this will only move the contamination
inate all contamination is through around. Insert the solvent-dampened de-
wet-dry cleaning. Use a specifically vice into the connector and simply push
developed fiber cleaning fluid that is down to clean. It is essential that both
fast-drying, non-flammable, has a low ends of the connector pair are cleaned,
surface tension and dissipates static. otherwise you will cross-contaminate.
If you are using IPA alcohol, stop! Not To accomplish the dry portion of the
only is it highly flammable, but it also has cleaning process, an additional activa-
a slower evaporation rate when compared tion of the device assures that any ex-
to the modern chemistries that have been cess solvent has been removed. Finally,
engineered specifically for cleaning fi- reinspect to ensure the connector is
ber-optic connectors. IPA is highly hygro- clean. Upon inspection, if the connector
scopic and will attract water molecules is not clean after the first cleaning, the
from the air, contaminating the cleaning process can be repeated.
fluid and degrading its ability to clean. Although not a new technology, MPO
Always use a specialized cleaning fluid connectors are a faster way to man-
Pfiovifiifig wififififiss fififi wifififi that is quick to dry so moisture does not age the increasing complexity required
cofififictivity ifi pfifimisfi have time to draw into the fluid—a ma- for network connectivity. To guaran-
jor source of contamination. Another tip: tee their stability and reliability, it is im-
ifistfifififitiofis stfiuctufififi fofi
Make sure the cleaning fluid comes in her- portant to find a fiber cleaning method
fifisifififitififi MDU’sfi Busififiss
metically sealed containers as it prevents that is affordable, quick, consistent and
fippfiicfitiofisfi ONTfi BBfi
cross-contamination and spills. effective. By introducing modern clean-
Bfiowfifififififi fififififififififi fififi
One of the best tools for the job is a ing procedures, it will not only save time
FTTX fifiquififimfifits.
“click-to-clean” cleaning tool that is ex- and money, but also make a network
WWW.GOMULTILINK.COM tremely convenient and quick to use. It substantially more reliable, helping to
440.366.6966 will effectively clean an MPO even with withstand the pressure on the network’s
its uneven geometry. The beauty of this increasing connectivity demands. u
cleaning method is its ability to clean
connectors, whether male or female, in Mike Jones is vice president of MicroCare
any size and for any scale fiber-optic net- Corp., which offers Sticklers brand (www.stick-
work, while delivering the lowest cost per lerscleaners.com) fiber cleaning solutions.
just at 850, but across the range from manufacture—in these cases—trans- Nonetheless, Irujo emphasized in his
850 to 953 nm,” he said. ceivers. While they are not part of the April 5 presentation that cost consider-
“SWDM on OM5 fiber can provide IEEE, they follow the specifications for ations favor SWDM and OM5 in many
duplex 100G links and allow for 400G Ethernet in the construction and design cases, and particularly in short-reach
operation using the same eight-fiber of these transceivers. They are, however, applications. “The cost of optics—the
technology that’s currently in use for 40 separate entities—not part of the IEEE.” transceivers—dominates the link,” he
and 100G links,” according to Irujo. Historically, some but not all of the said, adding that depending on the ap-
work originated via MSAs has been ad- plication, singlemode optics can cost
Standards and specifications opted in IEEE specifications. anywhere from 2 to 5 to 12 times multi-
On the standards front, OM5 is defined While OFS’s Irujo pointed to SWDM- mode optics, when comparing average
in two standards—TIA-492AAAE and based 400G activity within the IEEE, a street prices.
IEC 60793-2-10 ed. 6. It also is referenced recent blog post by Leviton’s senior di-
in ANSI/TIA-568-3.D and ISO/IEC 11801- rector of product management, Gary The singlemode solution
1. As for applications standards that call Bernstein, reported on a 200G SWDM- Panduit’s Asta pivoted the conversa-
for the use of OM5, it’s a mixed bag. Irujo based effort that did not advance within tion toward the characteristics and ben-
pointed out that both IEEE activity as the IEEE. “At the March 7, 2018 IEEE efits of singlemode-based, long-wave-
well as an industry multisource agree- 802.3 meeting, the Next-Gen Multimode length networking in data centers. The
ment (MSA) can advance the deploy- conversation begins with a look at the
ment of SWDM. For many large facilities the landscape of hyperscale facilities. “Not
“A next-generation multimode fiber long ago, if someone was talking about
sweet spot is longer than the
study group within the IEEE has been a ‘large’ data center, you’d probably be
looking at more practical options for distance where multimode talking about a total of 250,000 square
400G data rates,” he said. “One option in- systems max out, and shorter feet. Today we’ve seen data centers grow
volves four pairs of multimode fibers in in size, to a 1.5-million-square-foot
a parallel configuration, with each fi- than the 10-plus-kilometer Google data center, to [a facility located
ber carrying two wavelengths and each reach of applications like in] Langfang, China, which is 6.3 million
wavelength transmitting 50G. Another square feet.
option involves eight pairs of multimode
100GBase-LR4 and -ER4. “How are we going to support data
fibers, with each fiber using one wave- centers that large? Singlemode ca-
length, carrying 50G. It’s worth noting 200- and 400-Gbit/sec study group voted bling helps us address these needs,”
that this is the first time the IEEE has down a physical layer specification that Asta continued. “There’s a lot of leaf/
looked at multiple wavelengths on mul- supports 200-Gbit/sec operation over spine deployment. The concept is that
timode fiber,” he emphasized. “This sets one pair of multimode fiber. This was every leaf is connected to every spine,
the stage for future WDM solutions us- the second time the proposal was voted and that consumes a lot of fiber.” In
ing multimode fiber.” down. The specification would have in- a hyperscale facility—even one that
Furthermore, the SWDM Alliance cluded duplex OM3, OM4, and the poten- doesn’t quite incorporate 6.3 million
was established in 2015, and the SWDM tial for OM5, which supports SWDM.” square feet—reach is a consideration
Multi-Source Agreement (SWDM MSA) The post points out that a hurdle fac- when a leaf/spine configuration is de-
Group published two specifications in ing OM5/SWDM-based applications ployed. “The spine and leaf may be
March 2017. One spec defines SWDM- is, “SWDM technology cannot be eas- several hundred meters apart,” Asta
based 40-Gbit/sec signals and the ily broken out at the servers, limiting it explained. “It’s not a matter of a leaf
other defines SWDM-based 100-Gbit/ to switch-to-switch topology. Yet most residing in one cabinet and a spine
sec signals. installed multimode fiber links in data right next to it. These are applica-
During the April 5 seminar, Panduit’s centers—almost 50 percent according tions where longer-reach solutions will
Asta explained that an MSA can be to Leviton data—use breakout cables at be advantageous.”
characterized as “a consortium of com- switch to server. This severely limits the Asta pointed out that for many large
panies that put together multiple-source broad market potential for 200 Gbits/sec facilities the proverbial sweet spot for
agreements [MSAs] to design and over duplex multimode.” reach is longer than the distance where
short-wave/multimode systems max achieve 500-meter reach,” Asta noted. made during the seminar was that in
out, and shorter than the 10-plus-ki- This technology has been adopted by a conventional four-cassette 100G link
lometer reach of applications like the Facebook-led Open Compute Project. scenario, once a link reaches a spe-
100GBase-LR4 and -ER4. IEEE stan- The 100G CLR4 specification enables cific distance it becomes more eco-
dardization efforts as well as MSAs a 2-km reach of 100G over duplex sin- nomical to use singlemode/long-wave-
are addressing this need. Specifically, glemode fiber. length optics than to use multimode/
Asta pointed to projects specifying short-wavelength optics. That cross-
500 meters and 2 kilometers. They in- The tradeoff for lower-cost over point is at or near 650 meters.
clude IEEE 802.3cd 50GBase-FR (2 ki- Yet several 100G specifications pro-
singlemode/long-wavelength
lometers), 802.3ba 100GBase-DR (500 duced via MSAs and the IEEE focus on
meters), 802.3bs 200GBase-DR4 (500 systems is a tighter insertion- 500-meter reach. The emerging tech-
meters), 802.3bs 200GBase-SR4 (2 ki- loss requirement for the nology eSWDM4 extends the reach of
lometers), 802.3bs 400GBase-DR4 (500 100G over OM5 to 400 meters.
meters), and 802.3bs 400GBase-FR8 installed cabling plant—in the “Distance is a factor,” Irujo said
(2 kilometers) from the IEEE. range of 3 to 3.5 dB. during the April 5 seminar’s ques-
Additionally, several MSA consortia tion-and-answer period. “For multi-
have made efforts toward specifying Pinning down exactly when and mode, we’re looking at the few-hun-
100G singlemode, including the PSM4, where singlemode/long-wave is a bet- dred-meter range where economics
CWDM/CWDM4, and CLR4 groups. ter option than multimode/short- come into play.” u
Singlemode-based long-wavelength wave is not necessarily straightfor-
transceivers that achieve reduced reach ward. One of the final points Asta Patrick McLaughlin is our chief editor.
can be manufactured more economi-
cally than traditional 10-plus-km op-
tics can, thereby lowering costs per
link for the data center operator. The
tradeoff for this lower cost is a tighter
insertion-loss requirement for the in-
stalled cabling plant—in the range of
3 to 3.5 dB. “That’s do-able,” Asta ad-
vised, “but we have to be much more
cognizant of the connectivity that we’re
using in these applications. Go with
connectivity that will be optimized or
ultra-low-loss. It will pay dividends in
the long run.”
One application that fits this descrip-
tion is 100G PSM4—100-Gigabit paral- Enjoy industry insights, articles
lel singlemode using four lanes. Panduit and more with a subscription to
is a member of the PSM4 MSA that pub-
lished its specification in 2014. “An ad- our newsletters.
vantage is that it lends itself to a four-to-
one breakout,” Asta explained.
Other MSA-based 100G singlemode
solutions for the data center include a
coarse wavelength-division multiplex-
ing (CWDM) option that “allows you
to maintain duplex singlemode with- www.cablinginstall.com
out going to MPO [connectivity], and
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