Dewi Nur’aeni Setyowati

 Hermaphrodite
1. Synchronous hermaphrodite
▪ Male + female
2. Consecutive hermaphrodite
2.1 protogenous type ….. Female  male
2.2 protandrous type ….. Male  female
Hamlet Peppered moray

Twinspot bass
Angelfish Red grouper
Clown fish

The change in gonadal steroidogenesis Blue ribbon eel

is associated with sex reversal
Estrogen is the key factor during
female development
 Normally, synchronous hermaphrodites are not self-fertilizing.
The only known self-fertilizing (selfing) species is the
mangrove killifish (Rivulus marmoratus).

 Most synchronous
hermaphrodites possess
an ovotestis containing
oogenic as well as
spermatogenic tissues.
 CIRI SEKSUAL

Primer : adanya organ yang berhubungan langsung

dengan proses reproduksi.
Sekunder : tanda di luar sifat seksual primer
Sex dimorphisme : berdasarkan perbedaan morfologi
Sex dichromatisme : berdasarkan perbedaan warna
Tanda-tanda khusus lain

Berdasar sifat/keberadaan tanda seksual sekunder :

Non permanen : muncul pada waktu musim pemijahan
Permanen : selalu ada baik saat musim pemijahan
atau tidak
 Photographer : Tan Po Jen

Xiphophorus helleri
Sexual dimorphism in salmon
 Genetics
 Chromosome  XX-XY , ZW-ZZ, XX-XO
 DNA
 Environment
 Social and Behavior
 Temperature
 Hormone manipulation
 Genetic manipulation
 Operation
 Family Pomacentridae
 Clownfish

Semua ikan badut

dilahirkan sebagai
 Family Serranidae jantan, tetapi dapat
berubah menjadi
betina dan
bertelur. Ketika
betina mati, jantan
 Wrasses dominan akan
mengubah kelamin
menjadi betina
 Sockeye salmon
 Mangrove rivulus
 Atlantic silverside
Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination (cont.)

Temperature-dependent sex determination. Aromatase activity levels during the

thermosensitive period (TSP) are regulated by the temperature of the environment and
control gonadal differentiation. Changes in the environment temperature before and after
TSP do not seem to affect sex.
Manolakou et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2006 4:59
doi:10.1186/1477-7827-4-59
 Steroid
 Androgen : male
▪ Testosteron : principal androgen secreted by testis
 Estrogen: female
▪ Estrone and 17β-estradiol: steroidal estrogen found in
ovary
• Male hormone
– Methyltestosterone
– Fluoxymesterone
– Androsterone
– 17-ethyltestosterone
– Androstenedione
– Dihydroepiandrosterone
– Methylandrostenediol
– honey
 Exogenous sex steroids administered at the
time of sex determination can strongly
influence the course of sex differentiation in
fish, suggesting that they play a critical role in
assignment of gonad determination as well
 Tilapia
 Aquarium fishes
 Guppy
 Siam fighting fish
 Female hormone
 17-beta Estradiol (EST)
 ethynylestradiol (EE)
 Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
 Walking catfish

 Climbing perch

 Snake skin gourami

 Sea bass

 Black bream

 Rainbow trout
 Sturgeon
 Gynogenesis
 Walking catfish
 Sturgeon
 Silver barb
 Androgenesis
 Common carp
 Selection (Interspesific hybridization)

Tilapia nilotica x T. variabilis  male

 Betta splendens