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Solar energy

Presentation · May 2020

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Ali Zouinkhi
Technische Hochschule Lübeck
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Solar energy
Wael Alsuod
Ali Zouinkhi
Structure

• Introduction
• Sun & Sand
• Main Part
• Function & Features
• Conclusion
• Advantages
 • Energy from the sun is the most abundant and
Sun absolutely freely available energy on planet earth.
sand

• In order to utilize this energy we need

help from the second most abundant
element on earth, sand. The sand has
to be converted to 99,999 pure silicon
crystals to use in solar cells.
 • To achieve this, the sand has to go through a complex purification
process as shown. The raw silicon gets converted into a gaseous
Silicon wafers silicon compound form. This is then mixed with hydrogen to get
highly purified polycrystalline silicon. These silicon ingots are
reshaped, and converted into very thin slices called silicon wafers.
Raw silicon
How we get silicon wafers ?
Silicon
atoms
Similarly the electrons in the
silicon structure also have no
freedom of movement.
N-type doping

• Phosphorus atoms with five valence

electrons are injected into it. Here one
electron is free to move in this structure
when the electrons get sufficient energy
they will move freely.
N-type doping
P-type doping

• Similar to N-type doping if you inject boron

with three valence electrons into pure silicon
there will be one hole for each atom.
P-type doping
PV Module construction
Solar cell busbar design
• 3BB busbar solar cells
The most common solar cell design
involves three busbars (3BB)
printed onto the cell.

• 5BB busbar solar cells are

currently one of the leading
trends in solar cell and module
design.
• This higher number of
busbars reduces the distance
between the busbars, which
decreases the internal resistance
losses.
• LG’s CELLO wire technology
with 12 round thin circular-shaped
wires.
Direct connect with
power grid

First step: PV Modules are connected

parallel and serial. It looks like a range of
matrix.
Second step: Direct current get converted
to alternating Current . The Inverter
ensures for this conversion.

Finally the transformer increase the

voltage in a higher amount to be suitable
with a grid voltage.
Advantages
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