NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPUR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CES752)

EXPERIMENT 1

Name: Aman Deep Sandhu

Roll No. 17CE8063
Date: 24/03/2021
 MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE
• STIPULATIONS FOR PROPORTIONS

i. Grade Designation: M30

ii. Type of cement: PPC conforming to IS 1489 Part (1)
iii. Maximum nominal size of aggregate: 20 mm
iv. Exposure conditions: Mild
v. Workability: 100 mm
vi. Method of concrete placing: Chute (non-pump able)
vii. Degree of site control: Good
viii. Type of aggregate: Crushed angular aggregate
ix. Chemical Admixture Type: None

• TEST DATA FOR MATERIALS

i. Cement Used: PPC conforming to IS 1489 Part 1

ii. Specific Gravity of Cement: 3.14
iii. Chemical Admixture: None
iv. Specific gravity of:
• a. Coarse Aggregate (at SSD condition): 2.90
• b. Fine Aggregate (at SSD condition): 2.60
v. Water Absorption:
• a. Coarse Aggregate (at SSD condition): 0.5%
• b. Fine Aggregate: 1%

TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING:

𝑓𝑡 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 1.65 × 𝑆
Here, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Therefore, 𝑓𝑡 = 30 + 1.65 × 5 = 38.25 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Hence, the target strength is 38.25 MPa.

APPROXIMATE AIR CONTENT:

From Table 3 of IS 10262:2019, the approximate amount of entrapped air

is to be expected to be 1% for 20 mm nominal maximum sized aggregate.
SELECTION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO:
 Free water-cement ratio required for target-strength of 38.25 MPa is
0.39. This is lower than the maximum value of 0.55 prescribed for mild
exposure conditions. Hence, we choose W/C as 0.4.

SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT:

Water content = 186 kg (for 50 mm slump) and for 20 mm

aggregate. Hence estimated water content for 100mm slump
will be
6 × 186
= 186 + = 197.16 𝑘𝑔
100

CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:

W/C ratio is 0.4.

197.16
Cement content = = 493 𝑘𝑔
0.4

From table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for mild exposure

condition is 300 kg. Since 493 kg > 300 kg, hence it is OK.

PROPORTION OF VOLUME OF COARSE AGGREGATE AND FINE AGGREGATE:

Proportion volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm sized

aggregate and fine aggregate (zone II) for w/c = 0.5 is 0.62.
 At w/c =0.4 Proportion volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm
sized= 0.62+2*0.01=0.64

Hence volume of fine aggregate =

= 1-0.64 = 0.36

• MIX CALCULATIONS:

Mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows:

a) Total Volume = 1 m3
b) Volume of entrapped air in wet concrete = 0.01 m3
c) Volume of cement = 493/(1000*3.14) = 0.16 m3
197.16
d) Volume of Water= 0.4 = 0.197
e) Volume of all in aggregate
= [(a-b) - (c+d)] = (1-0.01-0.16- 0.197) m3=0.633m3
f) Mass of coarse aggregate (SSD)= e x Volume of Coarse Aggregate x
Sp. Gravity x 1000
= 0.633x 0.64 x 2.90 x 1000 = 1174.85 kg/m3
g) Mass of fine aggregate (SSD) =0.633 x 0.36 x 2.60x 1000 = 592.49 kg/m3

• MIX PROPORTIONS

Cement= 493 kg/m³

Water= 197.16 kg/m³

Coarse Aggregate = 1174.85 kg/m³
Fine Aggregate = 592.49 kg/m³
Cement: FA: CA: Water = 1 : 1.2 : 2.38 : 0.4
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPUR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CES752)

EXPERIMENT 2

Name: Aman Deep Sandhu

Roll No. 17CE8063
Date: 07/04/2021
 DESIGN OF BEAM
GIVEN DATA:
Cross section of the beam (𝑏 × 𝐷) = 120 × 230 𝑚𝑚2
Length of the beam = 2 𝑚
Grade of concrete = 𝑀30

SOLUTION:
Assume 10 𝑚𝑚 diameter bars for main reinforcement.
Assume clear cover as 25 𝑚𝑚 (𝐶𝑙. 4.1(𝑐) 𝑆𝑃 34 − 1987)
10
So, Effective depth of the beam, (𝒅) = (230 − 25 − 6 − ) 𝑚𝑚 = 𝟏𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝒎
2

Let us assume that the beam is simply supported.

Let us assume a factored uniformly distributed load of 34 𝑘𝑁/𝑚.
𝑤𝑙 2
Then, Maximum bending moment = = 𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8

For under-reinforced section,

𝑀𝑢 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑏𝑎𝑙

17 × 106 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑏𝑎𝑙

17 × 106 < 0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥𝑢,𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑏(𝑑 − 0.42𝑥𝑢,𝑏𝑎𝑙 )

𝑥𝑢,𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 0.48 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑒415 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙, 𝑥𝑢,𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.48𝑑
𝑑
17 × 106 < 0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 × 0.48𝑑 × 𝑏(𝑑 − 0.42 × 0.48𝑑 )
17 × 106 < 0.36 × 30 × 0.48𝑑 × 120(𝑑 − 0.42 × 0.48𝑑)
Solving we get 𝒅 > 𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒌𝒂𝒚
Calculation of area of steel,
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥𝑢 𝑏

0.87 × 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.36 × 30 × 𝑥𝑢 × 120

𝑥𝑢 = 0.2785 𝐴𝑠𝑡

𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 0.42𝑥𝑢 ) ………………………………….Eq(i)

But , 𝑥𝑢 = 0.2785 𝐴𝑠𝑡

So, 𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑑 − 0.42 × 0.2785 𝐴𝑠𝑡 )

17 × 106 = 0.87 × 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (194 − 0.42 × 0.2785 𝐴𝑠𝑡 )

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 295.27 𝑚𝑚2 , 1363 𝑚𝑚2
Take 𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 𝟐𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐

(If we take 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 1363 𝑚𝑚2 , section becomes over-reinforced, hence not applicable here)

Similarly, putting 𝑥𝑢 = 88.8 𝑚𝑚 in Eq(i) we get,

𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝟑𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Let us provide
𝟒 𝒏𝒐𝒔. 𝒐𝒇 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒆𝒓𝒔.
𝑆𝑜, 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 < 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒃𝒂𝒍 , 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒂𝒏 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 − 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.

Check for minimum tensile reinforcement (𝐶𝑙. 8.2.2.1 𝑆𝑃 34 − 1987)

0.85 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛
=
𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑
 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 47.68 𝑚𝑚2

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 > 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑂𝐾)

Check for maximum tensile reinforcement (𝐶𝑙. 8.2.2.2 𝑆𝑃 34 − 1987)

𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.04 × 120 × 230 = 1104 𝑚𝑚2

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 (𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑂𝐾)

Checking for Deflection

314
Percentage of Steel = × 100 = 1.14%
120 × 230
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 295.27
𝑓𝑠 = 0.58𝑓𝑦 × = 0.58 × 415 ×
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 314
𝑓𝑠 = 226.34 N/mm2

From Fig.4 of IS-456:2000

Modification factor, 𝑘 = 1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐶𝑙. 23.2.1 𝐼𝑆 456 − 2000)
𝑙
( ) = 20 × 𝑘 = 20 × 1 = 20
𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 2000
( ) = = = 10.31
𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑓𝑓. 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 194
𝒍 𝒍
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, ( ) >( )
𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅

𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆 𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.

DESIGN OF BEAM FOR SHEAR

We had factored uniformly distributed load of 34 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝑙
Maximum Shear Force, 𝑉𝑢 = = 34 𝑘𝑁
2

𝑉𝑢 34 × 103
𝜏𝑣 = = = 1.46 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 120 × 194
𝜏𝑣 < 𝜏𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 2.8 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝜏𝑐 = 0.67 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1.14% 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙

𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝜏𝑣 > 𝜏𝑐

Now, 𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑
𝑆𝑜, 𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 34000 − 0.67 × 120 × 194 = 18402.4 𝑘𝑁
Providing 6 𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑎 2 − 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠
2𝜋 × 36
𝐴𝑠𝑣 = = 56.52 𝑚𝑚2
4
Now,
𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.4
>
𝑏𝑆𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑣 × 0.87𝑓𝑦
𝑆𝑣 < < 255.08 𝑚𝑚
0.4𝑏
Again
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑
𝑆𝑣 = = 120.04 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑠
116.44 𝑚𝑚
255.08 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑜, 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 ≤ { 300 𝑚𝑚
0.75𝑑(= 150 𝑚𝑚)
𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟔 𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝑳 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒔 @𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒄/𝒄
 DETAILING OF A BEAM

2-#8
#6 @ 100 c/c
A

1960

100
100
2000

2-#10
2-#10

200 A All the dimensions are in mm 200

Figure. Detailing of beam

 #6 @ 100 c/c

2-#8

230
194

4-#10
15

25

120
25 All the dimensions are in mm
50

Figure. Detailing of Section A-A

 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE
Bar Bar Shape Dia Length Total Weight Total
Sl. Mark Type of of No. (m) Length kg/m Weight Remarks
No bar bar (m) (kg)
(mm)
1 B1 Main 102ൗ
bars 10 4 2.16 8.64 0.617 5.327 162.2 = 0.617
(Straight
bars)

2 B2 Hanger 8 2 1.96 3.92 0.395 1.548 82ൗ

bars 162.2 = 0.395

3 S1 Stirrups 6 17 0.536 9.11 0.222 2.022 62ൗ

162.2 = 0.222

Total weight = 8.897 kg

Add 5% Wastage = 0.445 kg
Gross weight = 9.342 kg
 S1

Calculations for the bar bending schedule

• 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝐵1 = 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 +

2(𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 − 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
= 2 𝑚 − 2(0.020 𝑚) + 2(0.100 𝑚) = 2.16 𝑚
[Bend length = 6 x Bar diameter = 6 x 10 mm]

• 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝐵2 = 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 +

2(𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 − 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟)
= 2 𝑚 − 2(0.020 𝑚) = 1.96 𝑚
𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 1600
• 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 = +1= + 1 = 17
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 100

[𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 200 𝑚𝑚 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑖𝑠 100 𝑚𝑚

𝑆𝑜, 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 2 𝑚 − 0.2 × 2 = 1.6 𝑚]

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑎 = 230 − 2 × 25 − 6 × 2 = 168 𝑚𝑚 = 0.168 𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑏 = 120 − 2 × 25 − 6 × 2 = 58 𝑚𝑚 = 0.058 𝑚

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 𝑆1 = 2 × (𝑎 + 𝑏) + ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ − 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

= 2(168 + 58) + 2 × 10 × 6 − 3 × 2 × 6 = 536 𝑚𝑚 = 0.536 𝑚
[𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 135° 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 10 × 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 3
× 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝