Ejercicio 10.

 Descomponemos la matriz en su forma L U:

10 2 −1 1 0 0 U 11 U 12 U 13

[ 1 1 5 ][
L31 L32 1 0 ][
−3 −6 −2 = L21 1 0 0 U 22 U 23
0 U 33 ]
−3
L21=
10
U 11 =10 L21 U 11=−3 →
−27
U 12=2 L21 U 12 +U 22=−6 → U 22=
5
U 13=−1 L21 U 13 +U 23=−2 → −23
U 23=
10

1
L31=
10
L31 U 11 =1 →
−4
L31 U 12+ L32 U 22=1 → L32=
27
L31 U 13 + L32 U 23 +U 33=5 → 257
U 33=
54

1 0 0 10 2 −1

[ ][
−3
L= 10
1
10
1
−4
27
0

1
U=
0

0
−27
5
0
−23
10
257
54
]
 Encontramos la inversa de la matriz A mediante las matrices L y U:

Calculamos la primera columna de [ A ]−1:

1 0 0 10 2 −1 1

[ ][ ] [ ] [
−3
10
1
10
1
−4
27
0
d1

1 d3

3
1
d2 = 0
0 → 0
0
−27
5
0

28
][ ] [ ]
−23 x 1 3
10 x 2 = 10
257 x 3
54
−1
18
T
¿ [ D] = 1 [ 10
−1
8 ] T
¿[ X] = [ 257
−3
257
−13
257 ]
28

[ ]
0 0
257
−1 −1 3
[A] = 0 0
257
−3
0 0
257

Calculamos la segunda columna de [ A ]−1:

1 0 0 10 2 −1

[ ][ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
0
−3 d1 0 −27 −23 x 1
1 0 0 1
10 d2 = 1 5 10 x 2 =
4
1 0 → 257 x 3
1 d3
−4
0 0 27
10 27 54
4 11 8
T
¿ [ D] = 0 1 [ 27 ] ¿[ X ] =
T
[ 257
−51
257 257 ]
 28 11

[ ]
0
257 257
−1 −13 −51
[A] = 0
257 257
−3 8
0
257 257

Calculamos la tercera columna de [ A ]−1:

10 2 −1

][ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
1 0 0

[
−27 −23 x 1 0
−3 d1 0 0
1 0 5 10 x 2 = 0
10 d2 = 0
257 x 3 1
1 1 → 0 0
1 d3
−4
54
10 27
10 54
T
¿ [ D ] =[ 0 0 1 ]
T
¿[ X] = [ 257
−23
257 257 ]
28 11 10

−1
[A] =
257
−13
257
−3
257
[ ] 257
−51
257
8
257
257
−23
257
54
257

 Comprobamos que [ A ] [ A ]−1=[ I ] :

 28 11 10

[
10 2 −1
−3 −6 −2
1 1 5
257
−13
257
−3
257
] [ ][ 257
−51
257
8
257
257
−23
257
54
257
I 11 I 12 I 13

I 31 I 32 I 33
1 0 0

][ ]
= I 21 I 22 I 23 = 0 1 0
0 0 1

28 280 26 3
( 257
I 11 =10 )+2( −13
257 )−1 (
−3
) = −
257 257 257 257
+ =1

11 −51 8 −33 306 16

I 22 =−3 ( ) −6 ( ) −2 ( )= + − =1
257 257 257 257 257 257
10 23 54 10 23 270
I =
33 − +5 ( )= − + =1
257 257 257 257 257 257

Notamos que nuestro calculo de la diagonal principal coincide al multiplicar [ A ] [ A ]−1 por lo tanto
−1
damos por hecho que la matriz [ A ] es correcta.