INTRODUCTION

India is the seventh largest country in the world with second largest human resource. A recent report released by
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) revealed that India has played a significant role in
greening the planet despite their contribution towards increasing pollutants and greenhouse gases. However,
unplanned urbanization, Rapid growth of industrial sector, growing population, rising migration and inefficient
actions of the government authorities have been found to be the prime reasons for degraded and unhealthy
ecological conditions. Instead of regulating and protecting surrounding, it has given rise to many environmental
problems leading to degradation of quality of life. Air, water, soil, slums and sewage are some problems that are
creating health issues for many people living in the urban cities. Efficient disposal of solid waste is another
pressing issue concerning countries around the world. Management of solid waste can play a vital role in
protecting the ecosystem through creating environment consciousness among masses. Studies suggest that
education can be used as a means of integrating SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) with social ethics to
achieve sustainable development and environment conservation. Educators around the world have
acknowledged and accepted the potential of environment education to sensitize corrective environmental
practices among people. Like all other entities, schools also have environmental carbon footprint. They generate
daily solid waste, use energy for lighting, cooling and heating; and chemicals for cleaning which in turn has an
impact on the environment. But, on the other hand they also play an important role in environment protection by
helping students develop conscious behavior and change attitude towards environment, protecting it for the
present and future generations.
There are few things in life that no one can stop like life and death. Another addition to this could be solid waste
which is a byproduct of all human activities. Though considered irrelevant, it is something that is affecting the
life of all living organisms on planet Earth. However, with better management, there is a scope to alter our
actions to ensure a healthier living environment and better future for the future generations to come.

Solid waste refers to the range of garbage materials—arising from animal and human activities—that are
discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is generated from industrial, residential, and commercial
activities in a given area, and may be handled in a variety of ways. As such, landfills are typically classified as
sanitary, municipal, construction and demolition, or industrial waste sites.
Waste can be categorized based on material, such as plastic, paper, glass, metal, and organic waste.
Categorization may also be based on hazard potential, including radioactive, flammable, infectious, toxic, or
non-toxic wastes. Categories may also pertain to the origin of the waste, whether industrial, domestic,
commercial, institutional, or construction and demolition.
Regardless of the origin, content, or hazard potential, solid waste must be managed systematically to ensure
environmental best practices. As solid waste management is a critical aspect of environmental hygiene, it must
be incorporated into environmental planning. Schools can provide excellent educational opportunities for creating
awareness about waste and its management. Waste reduction initiatives save natural resources, energy and landfill space.
Reducing, reusing, recycling and waste material will improve the economic and environmental performance of the school.

Schools carry the responsibility of reducing and recycling waste and educating young people about how to be eco-
conscious citizens who understand their role as custodians of the environment.
Every school has a legal duty to ensure that an efficient school waste management system is in place, aiming to reduce,
reuse and recycle. Increasingly, schools are being viewed as role models for eco-friendly waste management and this
somewhat daunting responsibility must be addressed appropriately by every school.
We can help your school to reduce, reuse and recycle. We can provide you with an efficient school waste management
system, providing you with the peace of mind that your waste management is in the hands of professionals.

We are born from the earth; we return to the earth and we sustain by the earth. Hence the environment in which we live is
very important and it directly affects our lives. It is said that man is the product of his environment. Environmental
problem is a global concern. It has no boundary. Around the world; efforts are being made to make people aware about
environmental protection. One of the main ment in the disposal of solid waste. It is a major cause of pollution and
outbreak of diseases in many parts of the world. There is no permanent solution for environmental problems, only thing
we can reduce and control waste generation by proper awareness and practice. Proper management of the waste generated
is most important in this
matter. Waste management is a science that addresses the logistics, environmental impact, social responsibility and cost of
an organizations’ waste disposal. Solid Waste Management (SWM) has 3 basic components namely collection,
transportation and disposal. Comprehensive solid waste management incorporates a diverse range of activities including
reduction, recycling, segregation, modification, treatment and disposal which have varying levels of sophistication
(Zagozewski et al, 2011). The objective of SWM is to reduce the quantity of solid waste disposed off on land by recovery
of materials and energy from solid waste in a cost effective and environmentally friendly manner (MF, 2009). It is
estimated that 1, 60000 MT (Metric Tonn) of municipal solid waste is generated daily in India. According to the 2001
census, per capita waste generation in India is 0.5 Kg/day (Vinod & Venugopal, 2010). Waste management activities
generate potential environmental benefits if managed properly (Gentil et al, 2009). There has been hardly any effort in the
past to create community awareness, either about the likely perils due to poor waste management or the simple steps that
every citizen can take. This could have helped in reducing waste generation and promote effective waste management. But
this scenario has changed. Nowadays more and more people are taking interest in environmental issues, as they have
started to experience the ill-effects of ecological issues. Now environmental education is welcomed by all categories of
people. It is an attempt to reorient education so that environmental competence is restored as one of its basic aims along
with personal and social competence (Shabbier et al, 2007). Environmental problems are many. It is mounting high with
new problems like disposal of e-waste. E-waste is a collective terminology for the entire stream of electronic equipment
such as TV, refrigerators, telephones, air conditioners, computers, mobile phones etc. that has reached its End of Life
(EOL) for its current user. Such devices are generally considered toxic when disassembled or incinerated and are typically
targeted for hazardous disposal or are slated for necessary recovery and reuse (MF, 2009). Hygiene starts from home. Our
household waste accounts for major amount of solid rubbish. Some are reusable and others non-reusable. All these
constitute megatons of municipal wastes. If it is not properly disposed of, the consequences are dangerous (Yadav &
Mishra, 2004). So, there is an urgent need to streamline and sensitize young minds to the environmental problems and
concerns. It is the education which makes human beings knowledgeable to environment and problems related to it.
Students must have awareness about environmental problems so that they can play their role very effectively in proper
waste management (Tartu, 2011). Hence this study was an attempt to know how far the school students are aware and
practicing proper waste management?

nappropriate solid waste management practices in schools in less-developed countries, particularly in major urban
communities, constitute one of the major factors leading to declining environmental health conditions. The objective of
the authors' descriptive, cross-sectional study was to assess solid waste management problems in selected urban schools in
Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight secondary schools with average pupil populations not less than 500 per school were selected
randomly. Four hundred questionnaires (50 per school) were administered. In addition, an observational checklist was
used to assess the physical environment. Paper and plastics were the most frequently generated wastes. Common methods
of solid waste disposal reported were use of dustbins for collection and open burning. Major problems perceived with
current refuse disposal methods by the study students were odors, pest infestation, and spillages. Littering and spillages of
solid waste were also common features reported. Data suggested inadequate waste management facilities and practices in
study schools. The lack of refuse bins may have contributed to waste spillages and the burning practices. Odors may have
arisen from both the decay of overstored organic waste rich in moisture and emissions from refuse burning. This scenario
poses a community environmental health nuisance and may compromise school environmental qualit Importance of Solid
Waste Management in School
Educational institutions in California alone account for 562 442 tons of waste every year. If unchecked, the trend can
cause unprecedented damage to the environment and a huge threat to people’s health. While the statistics present a
worrying loss of nature’s resources, you can play a pivotal role in reducing the effects.
You can start by enforcing a stringent waste reduction approach. In addition, let your school review its daily operations.
Evaluate the educational, environmental, and socio-economic benefits of waste reduction. When you implement an
effective approach, your students will learn environment-based lessons at the recycling plant. Some of the benefits of this
re-evaluation include-
Reduced costs of disposing of solid waste
Increased safety and health of students and staff
Diminished liability and costs of purchasing materials
The improved general efficiency of the school expenditure

Waste management in schools continues to generate thoughts, interest and research because of the huge amount of the
refuse that schools generation which include papers, cartons, cans, broken bottles, polymers which can be recycled but are
rather turned out as rubbish to be collected as refuse. These refuse from schools are collected alongside other household
refuses and heaped on streets or refuse dump with it antecedent health challenges which include unsightly heap of refuse,
the odour emanating from such heap and the heap being a breeding ground for disease vectors like mosquitoes,
cockroaches, rodents, reptiles among others. Among all the significant contributors of environmental waste, schools have
been chosen for this write up since the waste generation rate and its corresponding composition has not been reported or
has been underestimated. Hence, the present paper is an attempt to fill up this gap in knowledge. The objective of this
paper specifically is to raise awareness among educators, learners and their families of the cause and effect of poor waste
management and the benefits of recycling, reuse and reduce as waste management strategies. Also, to provide
environmental tools to enhance quality of life and assist schools with portfolio development and waste minimization
projects.

y.

 
 
Review of Literature

ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(10), 350-357 351 Historically, the disposal of solid waste did not pose a
serious threat to the environment because the population was small and the availability of natural resources like
abundance of clean water and land for assimilation of solid waste was relatively large [4]. In the city of Delhi,
the rate of solid waste is increasing exponentially with growing population. Delhi is spread over a large area
(1486.44 square km) and caters to a population of approximately 179.5 lakhs [5]. There are 5 municipal
corporations; namely – North Municipal corporation of Delhi (North MCD), South Municipal corporation of
Delhi (South MCD), East Municipal corporation of Delhi (East MCD), New Delhi Municipal Corporation
(NDMC) and Delhi Cantonment Board overseeing collection, segregation, disposal and treatment of solid waste
generated in the city (Table 1). Out of the 9,500 tons of waste generated daily, only 8,000 tones/ day is collected
from 280 wards and sent to three main landfill sites situated across the capital.

First of all, I would like to thanks Hon’ble Prime minister Narendra Damodar Das Modi to continue the dream
of Mahatma Gandhi Make in India mission “Mission for sanitary India. The authors acknowledge all the
persons involved in Aligarh Municipal Corporation (AMC) for providing all the pertinent information.
Vivek et al / Journal of Environment (2013), Vol. 02, Issue 06, pp. 147-150
ISSN 2049-8373 Available online at www.scientific-journals.co.uk149 owing household wastes outside their
premises. It is only 12 % of the participants who responded with the answer ‘yes’, but it demands a major shift
in people’s selfish attitude, not concerned about the serious negative impact on a residential neighborhood. It is
an environmental abuse to be corrected at the earliest if we want to save the mother earth. Students with better
awareness towards social duty are more aware towards environmental awareness (Astalin, 2011). Another
significant finding is 90% of the participants responded that they are seeing garbage on roadside while coming
to school, which proves the filthiest condition of the roads and the severity of improper waste management.
There is no difference in students’ practice about waste management based on type of family they belong. This
shows the growing trend of negative attitude to social commitment which was existing since long back in joint
fames.
Present study showed that there is a serious lack of aware-Since school students are seen as one of the key
agents of change to work towards a more sustainable future, they should be engaged as young as possible and
given a quality array of continuous learning to improve their knowledge on environmental problems such as
poor solid and laboratory wastes management. Inappropriate solid wastes management in schools especially in
lessdeveloped countries, constitute one of the major factors leading to declining environmental health condition
(Oloruntoba, Shendell, & Elemile, 2011;Matsumoto & Saizen, 2017;Oloruntoba et al., 2011;Pham,
2014;Pickers, Study, & Carlos, 2011;Ramos & Pecajas, 2016;Vitamog & Tactay, 2012). ...
... Since school students are seen as one of the key agents of change to work towards a more sustainable future,
they should be engaged as young as possible and given a quality array of continuous learning to improve their
knowledge on environmental problems such as poor solid and laboratory wastes management. Inappropriate
solid wastes management in schools especially in lessdeveloped countries, constitute one of the major factors
leading to declining environmental health condition (Oloruntoba, Shendell, & Elemile, 2011;Matsumoto &
Saizen, 2017;Oloruntoba et al., 2011;Pham, 2014;Pickers, Study, & Carlos, 2011;Ramos & Pecajas,
2016;Vitamog & Tactay, 2012). ...
... Thus, there is strong evidence which suggests that individual or group awareness and attitudes towards waste
generation and management are critical in the effort to respond to the waste management challenge. Moreover,
it comes as no surprise, that there existed abundant literature on waste management attitudes and behavior and
on the limited use of recycling (Oloruntoba et al., 2011;Pham, 2014;Pickers, Study, & Carlos, 2012). In many
cases, the most efficient and cost-effective way to manage waste is to not have to deal with it at all; therefore
waste diversion and waste minimization are often a primary focus for most integrated waste management
plans. ..
. This study revealed that all the schools had improved sanitation facilities consisting of majorly water-closets
and pour-flush latrines connected to septic tanks. This result differs from the reports of previous studies on
school water and sanitation survey which revealed that majority of the schools used pit latrine (Ana, Oloruntoba
& Shendell, 2011;Egbinola & Amanambu, 2015). The prevalence of common use toilets in the 40% of the
private schools in the study area as opposed to the recommended single-sex toilet has also been reported in other
Nigerian school-sanitation studies. ...
The major types of wastes generated in both schools were organic waste, paper, and plastics. This is in line with
the findings of some other studies which confirmed that school wastes are majorly composed of organic wastes,
paper and plastics (Wahab, 2003;Ana et al., 2011). Other studies also reported that major types of commercial
and institutional wastes generated in developing countries include paper, cardboards, plastics, wood, food waste,
glass, metal, special wastes and hazardous wastes (Oyelola and Babatunde, 2008). ...
All rights reserved. 59 ; 3) a 2011 investigation on the effect of traffic air pollution on school children's
respiratory health 4 , and 4) a 2014 study that assess primary school environment 60 , none of them measured
classroom/school IEQ parameters such as indoor and outdoor temperature, ventilation rates (with CO 2
measurement), CO measurement and cleaning effectiveness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study
that critically assess with measurements, building condition and IEQ in Nigerian elementary schools. ...
Waste management in schools continues to generate thoughts, interest and research because of the huge amount
of the refuse that schools generation which include papers, cartons, cans, broken bottles, polymers which can be
recycled but are rather turned out as rubbish to be collected as refuse. These refuse from schools are collected
alongside other household refuses and heaped on streets or refuse dump with it antecedent health challenges
which include unsightly heap of refuse, the odour emanating from such heap and the heap being a breeding
ground for disease vectors like mosquitoes, cockroaches, rodents, reptiles among others. Among all the
significant contributors of environmental waste, schools have been chosen for this write up since the waste
generation rate and its corresponding composition has not been reported or has been underestimated. Hence, the
present paper is an attempt to fill up this gap in knowledge. The objective of this paper specifically is to raise
awareness among educators, learners and their families of the cause and effect of poor waste management and
the benefits of recycling, reuse and reduce as waste management strategies. Also, to provide environmental
tools to enhance quality of life and assist schools with portfolio development and waste minimization
projects.more aware towards environmental awareness (Astalin, 2011). Another significant finding is 90% of
the participants responded that they are seeing garbage on roadside while coming to school, which proves the
filthiest condition of the roads and the severity of improper waste management. There is no difference in
students’ practice about waste management based on type of family they belong. This shows the growing trend
of negative attitude to social commitment which was existing since long back in joint fames.
Present study showed that there is a serious lack of aware-
Since school students are seen as one of the key agents of change to work towards a more sustainable future,
they should be engaged as young as possible and given a quality array of continuous learning to improve their
knowledge on environmental problems such as poor solid and laboratory wastes management. Inappropriate
solid wastes management in schools especially in lessdeveloped countries, constitute one of the major factors
leading to declining environmental health condition (Oloruntoba, Shendell, & Elemile, 2011;Matsumoto &
Saizen, 2017;Oloruntoba et al., 2011;Pham, 2014;Pickers, Study, & Carlos, 2011;Ramos & Pecajas,
2016;Vitamog & Tactay, 2012). ...
... Since school students are seen as one of the key agents of change to work towards a more sustainable future,
they should be engaged as young as possible and given a quality array of continuous learning to improve their
knowledge on environmental problems such as poor solid and laboratory wastes management. Inappropriate
solid wastes management in schools especially in lessdeveloped countries, constitute one of the major factors
leading to declining environmental health condition (Oloruntoba, Shendell, & Elemile, 2011;Matsumoto &
Saizen, 2017;Oloruntoba et al., 2011;Pham, 2014;Pickers, Study, & Carlos, 2011;Ramos & Pecajas,
2016;Vitamog & Tactay, 2012). ...
... Thus, there is strong evidence which suggests that individual or group awareness and attitudes towards waste
generation and management are critical in the effort to respond to the waste management challenge. Moreover,
it comes as no surprise, that there existed abundant literature on waste management attitudes and behavior and
on the limited use of recycling (Oloruntoba et al., 2011;Pham, 2014;Pickers, Study, & Carlos, 2012). In many
cases, the most efficient and cost-effective way to manage waste is to not have to deal with it at all; therefore
waste diversion and waste minimization are often a primary focus for most integrated waste management
plans. ...
. This study revealed that all the schools had improved sanitation facilities consisting of majorly water-closets
and pour-flush latrines connected to septic tanks. This result differs from the reports of previous studies on
school water and sanitation survey which revealed that majority of the schools used pit latrine (Ana, Oloruntoba
& Shendell, 2011;Egbinola & Amanambu, 2015). The prevalence of common use toilets in the 40% of the
private schools in the study area as opposed to the recommended single-sex toilet has also been reported in other
Nigerian school-sanitation studies. ...
The major types of wastes generated in both schools were organic waste, paper, and plastics. This is in line with
the findings of some other studies which confirmed that school wastes are majorly composed of organic wastes,
paper and plastics (Wahab, 2003;Ana et al., 2011). Other studies also reported that major types of commercial
and institutional wastes generated in developing countries include paper, cardboards, plastics, wood, food waste,
glass, metal, special wastes and hazardous wastes (Oyelola and Babatunde, 2008). ...
All rights reserved. 59 ; 3) a 2011 investigation on the effect of traffic air pollution on school children's
respiratory health 4 , and 4) a 2014 study that assess primary school environment 60 , none of them measured
classroom/school IEQ parameters such as indoor and outdoor temperature, ventilation rates (with CO 2
measurement), CO measurement and cleaning effectiveness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study
that critically assess with measurements, building condition and IEQ in Nigerian elementary schools. ...
Astalin, P.K. (2011) Environmental Awareness in Relation to Awareness towards Social Duty and Some
Educational Factors affecting it among Higher Secondary Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 2(3),
pp. 54-62. Gentil, E., Clavell, J., and Christensen, T.H. (2009) Global warming factor of municipal solid
waste management in Europe. Journal of Waste Management and Research, 27(9), pp. 850-860.
Ifegbesan, A. (2010) Exploring secondary school students’ understanding and practices of waste management
in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Science Education, 5(2), pp. 201-215.
Liu, X., Tanaka, M., and Matsui, Y. (2006) Electrical and electronic waste management in China: progress and
barriers to overcome. Journal of Waste Management and
Research, 24, pp. 92-101.
Ministry of Finance (MF) (2009) Position Paper on the Solid Waste Management Sector in India.
Department of Economic affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
Shobeiri, S.M., Omidvar, B., and Prahallada, N.N. (2007) A Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness
among Secondary School Students in Iran and India. Int. J. Environ. Res., 1(1), pp. 28-34.
Tartiu, V. (2011) Evaluation of attitudes and knowledge regarding municipal waste among students, Case
study: Bucharest Academy of Economic studies. J. Economia. Seria Management, 14(1), pp. 263-276.
Vinod, A., and Venugopal, K. (2010) Environmental Studies. 1st ed. Calicut University Central Co-
operative Stores, LTD No. 4347.
Yadav, P.R., and Mishra, S.R. (2004) Human Ecology. N. Delhi, Discovery Publishing House.
Zagozewski, R., Judd - Henry, I., Nilson, S., and Bharadw-aj, L. (2011) Perspectives of past and present waste
disposal practices: A community based participatory research project in three Saskatchewan first nations
communities. J. Environmental Health Insights, 5, pp. 9-20.
... Licy et al. [111] A study was conducted to assess waste management practice information among school
children in Kerala. Using a well-structured questionnaire, 300 students were randomly selected for the
studies. ...
... It has been shown that the students' awareness of environmental problems and solutions can be increased
through education [137]. For example, several studies [107,111,120,128] have shown a high SWM awareness.
However, it is expected that SWM activities on the schools' campus should involve students as a part of their
learning process, considering there is a significant difference between awareness and practice [111]. ...
... For example, several studies [107,111,120,128] have shown a high SWM awareness. However, it is expected
that SWM activities on the schools' campus should involve students as a part of their learning process,
considering there is a significant difference between awareness and practice [111]. The cited studies confirm the
second hypothesis, which states that the lack of teachers' knowledge influences students' SWM knowledge and
awareness. ...
Raising Awareness on Solid Waste Management through Formal Education for Sustainability: A Developing
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context, waste sorting and waste recycling represent relevant actions currently available to reduce the
environmental impact of waste and to improve the waste management performances [3,8]; in addition, they also
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environment and spare time environment) on the habits of young people, has been pointed out. In other terms,
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future leading actors (that is young people), as also in [18,23], but with the further endeavor to find out their
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among the people of proper waste disposal and management. ...
... Nowadays more and more people are taking interest in environmental issues, as they have started to
experience the ill-effects of ecological issues . Now environmental education is welcomed by 7 all categories of
people. It is an attempt to reorient education so that environmental competence is restored as one of its basic
aims along with personal and social competence .Hygiene starts from home, our 8 household waste accounts for
major amount of solid rubbish. ...
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research activities are the Biomedical wastes (BMW). To regulate the proper disposal and management of
biomedical wastes, the Ministry of Environment and Forests has published the Bio-Medical Waste Rules, 1998.
The current spread of COVID-19 disease has resulted in the increase of ... [Show full abstract]
Read more
Article
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
KAIPARAMBU PANCHAYAT OF THRI...
November 2020 · Indian Journal of Applied Research

Charles Chacko PorathoorJose Vincent

Background: The topic of environmental protection has attained highest importance in this era globally but the
practices of basic concepts of waste disposal are often neglected. 125 households from a rural area were selected
as the study population. The study reveals the necessity of awareness among the people of proper waste disposal
and management. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude ... [Show full abstract]
Read more
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Increasing Students’ Environmental Education and Awareness Through Campus Owned Waste Management
Uni...
January 2020

rachmat mulyana

Eka DaryantoEko Wahyu Nugrahadi[...]

Rini Selly
View full-text
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Materials and Methods

The study was conducted in NCT (National Capital territory) of Delhi where 26 schools formed part of the
study from the 9 zones of the city, i.e., North, East, West, South, North-East, North-West, South-West, Central
and New Delhi. Sample included students, teacher coordinators and waste collecting staff to obtain information
about the composition and recycling potential of solid waste generated in Schools. Secondary data was gathered
to form a comprehensive list of different categories of solid waste generated in schools. Semi-structured
interview schedule along with transect walks and observation were included to obtain relevant data. The data
gathered was utilized to sort waste into eight main categories and various sub-categories for ease of assessment.

The tools comprised of a questionnaire for teacher-coordinators to gather information about the prevailing
practices in place and equipment’s installed for managing solid waste. An observational checklist was also
developed to identify the composition of solid waste generated in different areas of the institution and verify the
information provided during questionnaire.

The research was conducted over a period of one year where schools w ere visited numerous times. The data
from the survey was collected and tabulated for analysis

Methods of Solid Waste Disposal and Management:

• Solid Waste Open Burning.
• Sea dumping process.
• Solid wastes sanitary landfills.
• Incineration method.
• Composting process.
• Disposal by Ploughing into the fields.
• Disposal by hog feeding.
• Salvaging procedure

The data in Table 1 shows that open burning (78.6%) is

the commonest method in use for disposing wastes in
Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Oyo State. A few (4.1%)
claimed to use landfill site, while 4.3% each identified
composting and recycling respectively. It should be noted
that what is referred to as landfill site in most schools is
an open dump site, composting and recycling are not
being practiced as claimed by the students.
When asked if they carry out any environmental
sanitation work in their schools, majority, i.e (92.1%) of
the students said yes responses. Although, 6.2% said –
No while 1.7% gave – Don’t know responses. On the
opportunity to reuse or recycle their waste within the

Inappropriate solid waste management practices in schools in developing countries constitute one of the major
factors leading to declining environmental health conditions. A proper waste management is needed to ensure
the protection of the environment and human health. Few studies have captured waste management problems in
Nigerian educational inst...

1 Choose What To Recycle

• Paper Recycling. Paper is the major type of waste that schools create, typically comprising at least 25%
of school waste. ...
• Metal recycling. ...
• Electronics recycling. ...
• Plastic recycling. ...
• Composting. ...
• Paper. ...
• Plastics, Food Waste and Paper in Cafeteria. ...
• Metal.

1 Choose What To Recycle

First, administrators, faculty and students need to work together on recycling teams to decide how the school
will move forward with its recycling program. Students can get involved with analyzing the types and amounts
of refuse the school is producing. Sorting and recording what is being thrown away is an important first step to
determine what the school is throwing out.
After seeing what exactly is being thrown away, you can set your school’s goals for recycling. You should
identify the materials that can be recycled and determine how to collect them.
There are several types of recycling programs you can establish at your school. Below are the most common
types of materials that can be recycled:
Paper Recycling
Paper is the major type of waste that schools create, typically comprising at least 25% of school waste. Most
types of paper can be recycled. This includes:
• Copy paper
• Computer paper
• Notebook paper
• School letterhead
• Colored paper
• File folders
• Paper grocery bags
When schools separate their paper from their other trash, the amount of waste that is sent to landfills can be
dramatically reduced.
Metal recycling
Metal recycling is a good choice for schools who have vending machines that sell cans of soda etc.
Electronics recycling
From printer ink cartridges, to computers, to monitors, schools can recycle old electronics that would otherwise
be tossed in landfills and pollute the environment. Electronic waste is some of the most toxic out there. Your
school can go a long way towards helping the environment with an e-waste recycling program.
The school’s admin staff can get involved with this program by donating old computers, printers and monitors
to Goodwill and other organizations that accept them.
Plastic recycling
From cups to plastic forks and spoons to food packaging, you school produces a lot of plastic waste that can be
recycled. Much recycling and waste reduction can be done with plastics and other materials in the cafeteria.
Schools can set up new policies to reduce trash created in the cafeteria.
Composting
Schools can work with their cafeterias to establish a composting program so that food waste is put in
composters in the back of the school. Food waste, coffee granules, fruit and vegetable cuttings etc. can be put in
the composter and kept away from landfills.
#2 Choose How to Recycle
Once you have determined what your school is going to recycle, you need to establish a program to enact your
recycling goals. Below are some ideas for various types of recycling programs.
Paper
Establish a program for recycling paper in every classroom. Each room used for student activities should have
trash bins for paper waste and regular waste. To work most efficiently, these bins should be different colors so it
is easy to tell the difference between them. Both containers should be labeled clearly as trash or paper only.
Paper recycling bins also should be placed throughout the school, including in the hallways, cafeteria and
restrooms.
Plastics, Food Waste and Paper in Cafeteria
Setting up recycling containers in the cafeteria can be very effective for recycling many types of materials,
paper and plastic being the most significant. Bins can be placed for recycling food containers, plastic bottles,
juice boxes, plastics, waste paper, etc.
Also, trash cans can be set out for food waste only that cafeteria staff can place into composters in the rear of the
school.
Metal
Recycling bins should be placed next to vending machines that sell cans of soda and other drinks in aluminum
containers. These bins also should be placed strategically next to trash cans throughout the school. By making
the hole in the container the size and shape of an aluminum can, you can ensure that only aluminum cans go in
these containers.
16 Ways To Recycle and Cut Waste at School
Now that you have some concrete ideas on how to set up recycling programs at your school, we wanted to give
you some other ideas to encourage recycling and waste reduction at your school. Try these ideas with teachers
and students:
1. Route school memos electronically and do not print them out
2. Reuse office and classroom supplies when possible rather than buying new
Hold recycling contests between classrooms or grades to see who can collect the most recyclable materials in a
week
3. Use the front and back of copy paper for class assignments, then recycle it
4. Encourage students to use recycled materials in their art projects, from water bottles to paper to beads.
5. Keep a scrap paper box in every classroom
6. Put a printer ink recycle bin in each classroom. You can collect these and turn them in for money at
various businesses, which can be used to fund school activities
7. Establish a recycling club that encourages recycling throughout the school.
8. Post assignments and documents online rather than printing them
9. Use old magazines for art projects
10. Minimize the number of handouts used in classes, and recycle any that are used
11. Encourage the cafeteria to buy food in bulk which reduces paper and plastic waste
12. Donate any edible food to shelters in your town
13. Encourage students to bring their lunch from home in reusable containers
14. Use air dryers in bathrooms rather than paper towels
15. Encourage students to bring junk mail from home and place in recycle binsAdditional Equipment that
your School can use is:
16.
17. Smart Pack Trash Compactor- this stainless steel device is easily installed in all maintenance areas.
Examples are points where families assemble for sporting activities and for meals.
18. Vertical Baler- this machine compacts cardboard effectively, making it easy for transportation and
recycling. While it occupies a small area, it produces results fast. Schools can make money selling the
recyclable cardboard to dealers.
19. Outdoor Trash Compactor- this option eliminates the undesirable sight of dumpsters overflowing with
stinking refuse. At the same time, you get to reduce the trips made by pickup trucks to haul trash from your
school compound.
20.
21. When you utilize the above management equipment, you will effectively rid your school of unsightly
solid waste.
A questionnaire was given to 300 students selected rando-
mly from a group of one thousand. The study was carried
out at a high school and higher secondary school for girls
in Thrissur, Kerala. Purpose and method of the study was
explained to the students, teachers and parents to get their
consent. The instrument of research was a validated self-
administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was design-
ed to assess students’ knowledge, attitude and practice on
waste management at home. The questionnaire included
ten questions related to awareness, five questions each reg-
arding practice and attitude in waste management. The
education level of students was categorized as high school
and higher secondary. The results in two categories were
evaluated. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics
and student t-test using SPSS (version 16). p value less th-
an 0.05 is considered as significan
Methods of Solid Waste Management

There are different methods of solid waste management. The following are some of the recognized methods:
1. Sanitary Landfill

This is the most popular solid waste disposal method used today. Garbage is basically spread out in thin layers,
compressed and covered with soil or plastic foam.

Modern landfills are designed in such a way that the bottom of the landfill is covered with an impervious liner,
which is usually made of several layers of thick plastic and sand. This liner protects the groundwater from being
contaminated because of leaching or percolation.

When the landfill is full, it is covered with layers of sand, clay, topsoil and gravel to prevent seepage of water.

Advantage: If landfills are managed efficiently, it is an ensured sanitary waste disposal method.

Constraint: It requires a reasonably large area.

2. Incineration

This method involves the burning of solid wastes at high temperatures until the wastes are turned into ashes.
Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off extreme amounts of heat when burning solid
wastes.
See also 12 Best Air Purifiers of 2020 To Get Fresh Air For Your Home
Incinerators that recycle heat energy through furnace and boiler are called waste-to-energy plants. These waste-
to-energy systems are more expensive to set up and operate compared to plain incinerators because they require
special equipment and controls, highly skilled technical personnel, and auxiliary fuel systems.

This method of solid waste management can be done by individuals, municipalities and even institutions. The
good thing about this method is the fact that it reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original
volume.

Advantage: The volume of combustible waste is reduced considerably by burning waste. In the case of off-site
pits, it is an appropriate method to minimize scavenging.

Constraint: It can cause smoke or fire hazard and also emits gaseous pollutants.
3. Recovery and Recycling

Recycling or recovery of resources is the process of taking useful but discarded items for the next use. Plastic
bags, tins, glass and containers are often recycled automatically since, in many situations, they are likely to be
scarce commodities.

Traditionally, these items are processed and cleaned before they are recycled. The process aims at reducing
energy loss, consumption of new material and reduction of landfills. The most developed countries follow a
strong tradition of recycling to lower volumes of waste.

Advantage: Recycling is environmentally friendly.

Constraint: It is expensive to set up, and in most emergencies, there is limited potential.
4. Composting

Due to a lack of adequate space for landfills, biodegradable yard waste is allowed to decompose in a medium
designed for the purpose. Only biodegradable waste materials are used in composting.

It is a biological process in which micro-organisms, specifically fungi and bacteria, convert degradable organic
waste into substances like humus. This finished product, which looks like soil, is high in carbon and nitrogen.
Good quality environmentally friendly manure is formed from the compost that is an excellent medium for
growing plants and can be used for agricultural purposes.

Advantage: Composting is environmentally friendly as well as beneficial for crops.

Constraint: It requires intensive management and experienced personnel for large scale operation.
5. Pyrolysis

This is a method of solid waste management whereby solid wastes are chemically decomposed by heat without
the presence of oxygen. It usually occurs under pressure and at temperatures of up to 430 degrees Celsius. The
solid wastes are changed into gasses, solid residue of carbon and ash and small quantities of liquid.

Advantage: This will keep the environment clean and reduce health and settlement problems.

Constraint: The systems that destroy chlorinated organic molecules by heat may create incomplete combustion
products, including dioxins and furans. These compounds are highly toxic in the parts per trillion ranges. The
residue it generates may be hazardous wastes, requiring proper treatment, storage, and disposal.

To summarize, proper solid waste management is an integral part of environmental conservation that should be
observed by both individuals and companies globally.

Additional Equipment that your School can use is:

Smart Pack Trash Compactor- this stainless steel device is easily installed in all maintenance areas. Examples
are points where families assemble for sporting activities and for meals.
Vertical Baler- this machine compacts cardboard effectively, making it easy for transportation and recycling.
While it occupies a small area, it produces results fast. Schools can make money selling the recyclable
cardboard to dealers.
Outdoor Trash Compactor- this option eliminates the undesirable sight of dumpsters overflowing with
stinking refuse. At the same time, you get to reduce the trips made by pickup trucks to haul trash from your
school compound.

When you utilize the above management equipment, you will effectively rid your school of unsightly solid
waste.
Observation

Every school has a legal duty to ensure that an efficient school waste management system is in place, aiming to
reduce, reuse and recycle. Increasingly, schools are being viewed as role models for eco-friendly waste
management and this somewhat daunting responsibility must be addressed appropriately by every school.
We can help your school to reduce, reuse and recycle. We can provide you with an efficient school waste
management system, providing you with the peace of mind that your waste management is in the hands of
professionals.
Types of waste a school produces
Schools produce tons of waste without even realizing. It is safe, easy and a great way to help the environment if
you can implement an effective school waste management system. Some of the most common types of waste
which schools produce are:
Paper and card – from textbooks, workbooks, letters, printed and photocopied paper
Food – food waste from pupil’s lunch boxes and lunch provided by the catering facilities on site
Packaging – food packaging, new supplies packaging
General waste from rubbish bins around the school
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)– computers, tablets, interactive boards etc.
Sanitary
Plastic
Furniture
Glass
Food
COVID Test Waste
Nappy Waste
School Waste Litter Bins
School waste comes in many different forms which are often the reason why many schools struggle with
implementing an efficient school waste management system. Increasingly, schools are being viewed as role
models for eco-friendly waste management. Consequently, your school must have an effective school waste
management system in place.
Our expert waste management providers can implement a comprehensive waste management system for your
school, providing you with ways to save money, time and resources, whilst aiding the environment.
Typical bins a school will use are;
1100L General waste bins
240L Food waste bins
240L Glass waste bins
1100L Cardboard bins / Mixed dry recycling
Dependent on the size of the school a larger capacity Roll-Off container might be used.

Voluntary groups may be formed in each school, which can be the medium for the message of clean air, clean
water, and clean environment.
Visit areas to help local community understand the concept of Blue and Green bins.
Visit local parks to assist in keeping the park s clean and green.
Organize drawing competitions and seminars to encourage students in the Green Good Deeds.
Student s may see that the school/college areas are clean.
Plant saplings and make the area green. Inspire others also in doing so.
Students can join local RWAs, and identify NGOs and Nature Clubs in their area to participate in Green
Good Deeds.
Students are not only the best medium for dissemination of information on Green Good Deeds to others but
also live their lifetime with the green good deed feelings, thus passing it on to the future generations.
Involving a teacher would mean reaching out to several students. Reaching out to students would mean
reaching out to future generations.
Students have the energy, the initiative and are inquisitiveness to learn more.
Spread awareness about protection of ozone layer, and ozone depleting substances .
Reaching out to students would mean we have initiated a mass movement in our aim to save the environment.
Use recyclable and reusable material.
Ensure proper disposal of wrappers and plastic waste.
Don’t litter in school.
Ensure optimum use of paper.
Don’t waste paper-use it on both sides.
Play outdoor - appreciate nature.
Don’t play electronic games or watch TV all the time-connect with nature.
 Switch of all electronic devices from plug point when not in use.
Don’t leave the room with lights, fans on.
Maintain tradition of reuse. Don’t throw away old toys and generate waste-better give these to the kids who
need them .
Don’t use ‘use and throw’ pens.
Eat natural organic food.
Save water in schools and also at home - ensure to keep the water taps off when not in use.
Don’t waste water - when the water bottle is to be emptied, pour the remaining water to plants instead of
draining it into sinks.
Plant and nurture trees in schools and neighbourhood.
Avoid cutting or damaging trees or flowers on plants.
Pass on the acquired knowledge to parents, grandparents, house helpers, neighbours and peer groups
(friends).
Avoid littering when in the group and stop others from doing so.
Be a green volunteer.
Don’t spit in public places.
Take care of birds and animals and respect them.
Don’t tease animals.
Avoid unnecessary lights.
Share used books, toys, clothes to conserve the environment and reduce carbon footprints.
Don’t discard used books, clothes, etc. and generate unnecessary waste, better to give to the ones who need
them.
Don’t use thin plastic bags-develop a habit of using cloth bag while going for shopping.
Schools may encourage – walk to school, Cycle to School, School Bus Transport Facilities, rather than
personal motorised transport
Schools may audit air quality, and educate students on pedestrian etiquette and responsibility.
Schools may promote neighbourhood residents for admissions.
Schools may draw attention to some of the ancient heritage buildings in India which are the epitome of low
energy architecture. Schools may create awareness about them and motivate the students for being energy
conscious.
Schools should take initiatives to develop means of reducing energy consumption by educational tools.
Schools may involve the young students in the whole process of new concepts and trend-setting requirements
of the society. The idea is to go about doing this through teachers. Once the teachers are made aware of the
challenges of the future, the knowledge is passed onto the students simply and easily .
Source : Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

. Ideal waste management means following the waste hierarchy ( Figure 1.4), i.e with preference for the
prevention of waste, followed by its preparation for reuse, recycling, energy use and finally disposal (Polanec et
al., 2013;Williams, 2015b). The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from
products and to generate the minimum amount of waste (Williams, 2014). Application of the waste hierarchy
can help to prevent emissions of greenhouse gases, reduces pollutants, save energy, conserves resources, create
jobs and stimulate the development of green techn.. However, the core of the resource reuse way has still been
debated by researchers. Ma et al. (2009) and Williams (2014) emphasized the significance of environmental
awareness and education about environmental protection; Scharff (2014) held the view that the good
governance policy of environment was an effective strategy to improve the environment. William (2013)
pointed out that encouraging waste recycling was often more effective than punishment mechanism and that the
compensation policy was a key element to inspire people to participate in Agricultural waste recycling
(AWR). ...ologies. ...

Observation

Every school has a legal duty to ensure that an efficient school waste management system is in place, aiming to
reduce, reuse and recycle. Increasingly, schools are being viewed as role models for eco-friendly waste
management and this somewhat daunting responsibility must be addressed appropriately by every school.
We can help your school to reduce, reuse and recycle. We can provide you with an efficient school waste
management system, providing you with the peace of mind that your waste management is in the hands of
professionals.
Types of waste a school produces
Schools produce tons of waste without even realizing. It is safe, easy and a great way to help the environment if
you can implement an effective school waste management system. Some of the most common types of waste
which schools produce are:
Paper and card – from textbooks, workbooks, letters, printed and photocopied paper
Food – food waste from pupil’s lunch boxes and lunch provided by the catering facilities on site
Packaging – food packaging, new supplies packaging
General waste from rubbish bins around the school
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)– computers, tablets, interactive boards etc.
Sanitary
Plastic
Furniture
Glass
Food
COVID Test Waste
Nappy Waste
School Waste Litter Bins
School waste comes in many different forms which are often the reason why many schools struggle with
implementing an efficient school waste management system. Increasingly, schools are being viewed as role
models for eco-friendly waste management. Consequently, your school must have an effective school waste
management system in place.
Our expert waste management providers can implement a comprehensive waste management system for your
school, providing you with ways to save money, time and resources, whilst aiding the environment.
Typical bins a school will use are;
1100L General waste bins
240L Food waste bins
240L Glass waste bins
1100L Cardboard bins / Mixed dry recycling
Dependent on the size of the school a larger capacity Roll-Off container might be used.
 Voluntary groups may be formed in each school, which can be the medium for the message of clean air, clean
water, and clean environment.
Visit areas to help local community understand the concept of Blue and Green bins.
Visit local parks to assist in keeping the park s clean and green.
Organize drawing competitions and seminars to encourage students in the Green Good Deeds.
Student s may see that the school/college areas are clean.
Plant saplings and make the area green. Inspire others also in doing so.
Students can join local RWAs, and identify NGOs and Nature Clubs in their area to participate in Green
Good Deeds.
Students are not only the best medium for dissemination of information on Green Good Deeds to others but
also live their lifetime with the green good deed feelings, thus passing it on to the future generations.
Involving a teacher would mean reaching out to several students. Reaching out to students would mean
reaching out to future generations.
Students have the energy, the initiative and are inquisitiveness to learn more.
Spread awareness about protection of ozone layer, and ozone depleting substances .
Reaching out to students would mean we have initiated a mass movement in our aim to save the environment.
Use recyclable and reusable material.
Ensure proper disposal of wrappers and plastic waste.
Don’t litter in school.
Ensure optimum use of paper.
Don’t waste paper-use it on both sides.
Play outdoor - appreciate nature.
Don’t play electronic games or watch TV all the time-connect with nature.
Switch of all electronic devices from plug point when not in use.
Don’t leave the room with lights, fans on.
Maintain tradition of reuse. Don’t throw away old toys and generate waste-better give these to the kids who
need them .
Don’t use ‘use and throw’ pens.
Eat natural organic food.
Save water in schools and also at home - ensure to keep the water taps off when not in use.
Don’t waste water - when the water bottle is to be emptied, pour the remaining water to plants instead of
draining it into sinks.
Plant and nurture trees in schools and neighbourhood.
Avoid cutting or damaging trees or flowers on plants.
 Pass on the acquired knowledge to parents, grandparents, house helpers, neighbours and peer groups
(friends).
Avoid littering when in the group and stop others from doing so.
Be a green volunteer.
Don’t spit in public places.
Take care of birds and animals and respect them.
Don’t tease animals.
Avoid unnecessary lights.
Share used books, toys, clothes to conserve the environment and reduce carbon footprints.
Don’t discard used books, clothes, etc. and generate unnecessary waste, better to give to the ones who need
them.
Don’t use thin plastic bags-develop a habit of using cloth bag while going for shopping.
Schools may encourage – walk to school, Cycle to School, School Bus Transport Facilities, rather than
personal motorised transport
Schools may audit air quality, and educate students on pedestrian etiquette and responsibility.
Schools may promote neighbourhood residents for admissions.
Schools may draw attention to some of the ancient heritage buildings in India which are the epitome of low
energy architecture. Schools may create awareness about them and motivate the students for being energy
conscious.
Schools should take initiatives to develop means of reducing energy consumption by educational tools.
Schools may involve the young students in the whole process of new concepts and trend-setting requirements
of the society. The idea is to go about doing this through teachers. Once the teachers are made aware of the
challenges of the future, the knowledge is passed onto the students simply and easily .

Source : Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

. Ideal waste management means following the waste hierarchy ( Figure 1.4), i.e with preference for the
prevention of waste, followed by its preparation for reuse, recycling, energy use and finally disposal (Polanec et
al., 2013;Williams, 2015b). The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from
products and to generate the minimum amount of waste (Williams, 2014). Application of the waste hierarchy
can help to prevent emissions of greenhouse gases, reduces pollutants, save energy, conserves resources, create
jobs and stimulate the development of green techn.. However, the core of the resource reuse way has still been
debated by researchers. Ma et al. (2009) and Williams (2014) emphasized the significance of environmental
awareness and education about environmental protection; Scharff (2014) held the view that the good
governance policy of environment was an effective strategy to improve the environment. William (2013)
pointed out that encouraging waste recycling was often more effective than punishment mechanism and that the
compensation policy was a key element to inspire people to participate in Agricultural waste recycling
(AWR). ...ologies. ...

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Human ways of life have placed pressure on the environment and have caused imbalance in the eco systems by
the producing, consuming and wasting of natural resources. Most countries evidently have major effects on the
environment due to SW generation with economic development since the natural resources are used, and waste
and pollution are produced. Therefore, the concern towards the management of solid waste as an integral part
for sustainable development has increased.
This study explored the importance of SWM for sustainable development with the concern of new development
process in HMC in Sri Lanka. There were four research objectives to be achieved with the study. The first
objective was to study the characteristics of solid waste management practices in Hambantota Municipal
council. The researcher investigated the environmental impacts of solid waste management practices in
Hambantota Municipal council and assessed how waste management practices can contribute to sustain the
development processes in Hambantota District. Establishing an understanding of the perception amongst local
communities regarding solid waste management for sound environmental development was also a concern.

In summary, the research findings revealed that there are significant issues with unauthorized waste disposal
practices due to the lack of proper waste management process. This has significantly impacted on the natural
environment and on Sound Environmental Development (SED) in the study area. The lack of Public waste bins
and proper waste collection processes have significantly affected the unauthorized waste disposal practices.
Moreover, the absence of sanitary land filling and inadequate processes by HISWMC are significant issues with
SWM. The absence of practical usage of regulation and laws is identified as a barrier to residents engaging in
proper waste management processes with recycling and waste separation because the council could not enforce
these practices. The lacks of knowledge, awareness and cooperation have been identified.

It is clear that improper waste management practices have a significant impact on the natural environment and
sustainable development in the study area. Thus, awareness about SWM impact on sound environmental
development or/and sustainable development in seemingly low. Therefore, it is important that the SWM should
be developed from the primary level. Waste storage and primary disposal are the dominant means of managing
waste. Thus, it has caused significant challenges in the study area. Therefore, waste separation from the
household level, proper storage, more efficient waste collection systems, and sustainable recovery and disposal
practices are identified as needed processes in the study area. Considering the nature and components of waste
generated by households and business places, the waste reduction, reuse, recycling and composting processes
would be more suitable in managing the challenge. These management options should be integrated in a
sustainable framework. Adequate consideration should be given to monitoring processes. Public education and
properly planned waste management programs also need to be introduced into the current waste management
system. Especially awareness programmes must be conducted in order to improve the knowledge about the
importance of SWM for sound environmental development in the area. The authorities should provide for the
introduction of complimentary programs and policy development.

The researcher identified SWM as the backbone of sound environmental development. Therefore, this research
study contributes to knowledge by determining the importance of SWM for sustainable development in the
newly developing HMC areas. The strength of this research study is the case study’s setting which is the newly
developed area, HMC, Hambantota, Sri Lanka. Further, this research study incorporates the views of the HMC
community to explore their level of understanding of environmental and sustainable development. This is
strength because community views have been largely examined with the research. Nevertheless, there is a need
for further scientific studies about the SWM process and its impact on the environment and sustainable
development. The above regulations recommend schools to manage solid waste by-

Buying recycled paper

Revisiting specifications on procurement to eradicate the bias against the recycled paper
 Buying paper with biggest postconsumer waste
Stop buying paper that is deemed as a potential contaminant

In conclusion giving social duty awareness along with waste management awareness may improve the
practice of waste management. Awareness program of waste management is greatly needed for parents also.
This can be given in the schools during parent teacher meetings or in community based programs. For this
purpose, education departments of the states/ country can implement environmentaleducation programs to the
teachers at all levels of
education.

Nature of solid waste generated in Schools

Preliminary investigation of the research in revealed that composition of solid waste ranged from fabric to paper
to food to electronic
goods. They were classified into the following 8 categories and sub-categories as seen in the Table thus
indicating the enormous
amount of solid waste generated in the schools
Sr CATEGORY OF SUB-CATEGORIES
No. SOLID WASTE

1 Waste paper and Waste paper

products Printed paper
Newspaper
Cardboard and cardboard boxes
Old books
Tetra Pak
2 Electronic product Electronic equipment –
Computer monitor
Computer accessories (like wires, CUP and mouse)
Smart class boards
Projector screen and monitor, printer and cartridge
Mobile phones and landlines
CD / Hard drive / Pen drive / DVD
Large electric appliances like Fridge, oven,
microwave,
freezer, coffee machine, cooler, air-conditioner,
washing
machine, etc.
Batteries & generators
Generator and its parts
Inverter batteries
Lighting system
Florescent tubes
Bulbs and other lighting equipment
Old fans
3 Food waste
Left over food from lunch boxes
Leftover food from canteen
Fruits and fruit peels

4 Other Waste Metal Waste

Aluminum foil
Old Metal tubs containers
Glass Waste
Glass bottles ,beakers and test tube

5 Plastic Waste Plastic bottles

Plastic wrappers
Plastic tubs and containers

6 Furniture Products Classroom Desk and chair

Cupboards and Almirah
Above the counter storage
Below the counter storage

7 Garden Waste Garden equipment

Dead plants dried leaves ,twigs etc
Weeds

8 Textile waste Towels

Sheets and covers
Aprons,etc.