STO.

NIÑO COLLEGE OF ORMOC

COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Brgy Doña Feliza Mejia Subdivision
Ormoc City

LEA 2
Week 10 - Nov. 9-13
Module 17

I. INTRODUCTION:

The comparative models in policing gives the student’s idea in comparison with
other police units, their organization, practices, in particular the prevention and
control of crimes. At first, they have to study the history of the police, how it is
organized, the structure, ranks and the law which mandates the police of a certain
country.

II. LEARNING COMPETENCIES/OBJECTTIVES:

At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:

 Identify the police system of Mexico

 Describe the brief history of the Mexico Federal Police.

III. READING RESOURCES AND INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES:

(Please read carefully and understand the topic below)

Topic: Mexico Police

The Federal Police (Spanish: Policía Federal, PF), formerly known as the Policía Federal
Preventiva (Federal Preventive Police), was a Mexican national police force. It was under the
authority of the Department of Security and Civil Protection. They were sometimes referred to
by the slang term "Federales" or "Mexican feds" by some U.S. agents and media. Typically,
agents of the Federal Police are heavily armed and wear dark blue, black, or gray combat
fatigues. The Federal Police was officially dissolved and absorbed to the National Guard, a new
national police institution created by president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, on 1 October
2019.

The Federal Preventive Police was created by the merger of four other federal
organizations in 1998 and 1999 in order to better co-ordinate the fight against the growing
threat of drug cartels. The agency merged the Federal Highway Police, the Fiscal Police, an
Interior Ministry intelligence unit called the Investigation and National Security Center, and
military personnel transferred en masse from the Mexican Army's 3rd Military Police Brigade.

On account of its heavily armed agents, its culture, and its origins, the Federal Police as
a whole may be considered a gendarmerie. However, two of the seven "divisions" (i.e.
branches of service) of the Federal Police have particularly military characteristics: The Federal
Forces Division and the Gendarmerie Division. The Gendarmerie Division was created in 2014,
and is legally defined as a military/police force within the Federal Police.

There is an investigation division within the Federal Police. Investigation of federal

crimes can also be handled by the Federal Ministerial Police directed by the Attorney General of
Mexico.
History

Mexico City Federal Police Building.

On May 29, 2009, the Federal Preventive Police name was changed to Federal Police,
and some duties were added to it. The Federal Police was created as the main Federal
Preventive Police in 1999 by the initiative of President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000) to prevent
and combat and to enforce the law that drugs will not run around on Mexico's streets. The PF
has been assuming its authority in stages over time, as its budget has grown and it has
combined and reorganized police departments from major agencies such as those for
migration, treasury, and highways. Many large bus stations and airports in Mexico are assigned
a PF detachment.

Public Safety Secretary Genaro García Luna hoped to reform the nation's long-troubled
police. Among other steps, he consolidated several agencies into a Federal Police force of
nearly 25,000.

The Federal Police celebrates its anniversary on July 13 every year (Federal Police Day),
with its history dating to 1928 as the successor of the agencies mentioned above.

Calderón's administration
Mexican Drug War
When Felipe Calderón took office as President in 2006, there were roughly half a dozen
drug cartels in Mexico. Each of the organizations were large and dominated huge parts of
Mexico's territorial landscape, and operated internationally and overseas as well. When
Calderón assumed the presidency, he realized that he could not rely on the federal police nor
the intelligence agencies to restore order and crack down the logistics of the mafias. Over
several decades, the cartels had bribed police commanders and top politicians; and often
riddled with corruption, state authorities would not only fail to cooperate with other authorities
in distinct federal levels, but would actively protect the cartels and their leaders. With limited
options available, Calderón turned to the Mexican Armed Forces, which, because of its limited
involvement in acting against the cartels, remained relatively immune to corruption and
organized crime infiltration. He then moved the military to parts of Mexico most plagued by
drug-violence to target, capture, and – if necessary – kill the leaders of the drug trafficking
organizations. Yet, the president understood that the military could not fight the cartels alone
and needed cops to rely on for patrolling, collecting intelligence information, and gathering
evidences necessary to prosecute drug traffickers.

With the argument that he was tired of the corruption, Calderón abolished the AFI
agency created in May 2009 and created an entirely new police force. The new force has
formed part of Mexico's first national crime information system, which stores the fingerprints
of everyone arrested in the country. They also have assumed the role of the Army in several
parts of the country. According to The New York Times, the federal police has avoided "any
serious incidents of corruption."

On October 21, 2008, President Felipe Calderón proposed to break the former Federal
Preventive Police to replace it with a different organization, because "the PFP has not yielded
the expected results and has not been a strong institution capable of serving as a model for all
police services in the country. The new corporation became the Federal Police, and it provides
support to the police as to the Federal District, states and municipalities. This decision was said
to be not entirely unexpected, given the insufficient number of convictions, the alarming
increase of violence, abductions and cases of corruption and complicity with organized crime
elements.

Peña Nieto's administration

 In 2012, it was reported that President Enrique Peña Nieto's government had proposed
the creation of a new unit to replace all Federal Police duties. Federal Police would not be
disbanded but would be assigned to special tasks & missions. Additional information on
Mexico's planned Gendarmerie ("The 'National Gendarmerie' and Mexico's Crime Fighting
Plans," MexiData.info, Dec. 24, 2012).

The final product is the 2014 creation of the Federal Police's Gendarmerie Division,
with 5,000 police agents. Its focus is on providing ongoing public security in areas with heavy
criminal activities and providing border security. It is also expected to reinforce state, city and
municipal police forces when the need arises. It is one of the seven constituent divisions of the
Federal Police reporting directly to the Commissioner, and the newest to be raised.
The National Gendarmerie is defined as a military grade force within the Federal Police.

Lopez Obrador's administration

National Guard (Mexico)
Before becoming President of Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador campaigned on a
promise to take the military off the streets of Mexico. Shortly after getting into office, Obrador
released a plan to create the National Guard under control of the Mexican Armed Forces which
would be in charge of "preventing and combating crime". Obrador stated that the new
National Guard would be critical to solving Mexico's ongoing security crisis.

On 28 February, the Mexico's General Congress voted to approve a 60,000-member

national guard. On 30 June 2019, the National Guard was officially established in the
Constitution of Mexico.

The new National Guard, de facto successor to a similar formation raised in 1821 and
abolished in 1935, is composed today of personnel from parts of both the National
Gendarmerie and Federal Forces Divisions of the Federal Police.

Vision

The "Policia Ministerial de Sinaloa" counts on with 6 helicopters in order to cooperate

with the GOPES (Special Operations Group) missions.
Being an institution committed to the society in preventing crime and fighting crime, preserving
the integrity and heritage of the people, peace and order and the rule of law, whose principles
attached to this of legality, efficiency, professionalism and honesty, with full respect for human
rights. Maintain and strengthen the social communications strategy and media relations that
allows the dissemination of timely and accurate actions and work of the Federal Police.

Strategy
The PF was established as a central element of the strategy against organized crime and
criminality in Mexico, not only to prevent crimes and federal jurisdiction at the federal level,
but to become an institution of excellence, capable of cooperating with local police and
prosecutors in investigating the crimes of high social impact. The strategic objectives are:

Compliance with legal framework to combat organized crime and drugs.

The establishment of the National System of Public Security.
The evaluation and adjustment of the strategy for drug control in Mexico.
On July 10, 2008, the Mexican government announced the intention of doubling the number of
policemen in the PF to escalate the war against drug trafficking. The recruitment campaign has
already begun and includes the university community.

Strategic objectives
Preventing and combating crime commission to ensure peace and public order.
Fight corruption, to purify and dignify the police.
Strengthen the professionalism of the members of the Institution.
Improve public perception of the institutional activities.
Promote citizen participation in crime prevention.
Consolidated as the country's largest institution in the field.
Strengthen its organizational structure and functional.
Manage resources efficiently.
Increase and strengthen the operational deployment at the national level.
Strengthening intelligence activities.
Strengthen inter-agency coordination mechanisms with the three levels of government.
Promote the updating of the legal framework.
Strengthen and upgrade the technological infrastructure.
Institutional development
The 'Integral Strategy for Crime Prevention and Fight against Crime "is based on a process of
reengineering to organizational development, as well as systems and processes in
organizational performance, with a cross through the professionalization the creation of three
academies in the Ministry of Public Security for the purpose of having Mexican committed to
legality, efficiency, professionalism and honesty in this current stage of drug influence to the
United States.

Basic Police School

To generate the training and training students with high school level.

College research
It is aimed at all those aspiring and active police agents who choose to make them more
professional, from academic performance and service in the police profession.

Strength
In 2000, the PF had 10,878 agents and staff:

4,899 from the Mexican army's 3rd Brigade of the Military Police (Tercera brigada de policía
militar), included two military police battalions and an Assault Battalion.
4,000 from the Federal Highway Police (Policía Federal de Caminos)
1,500 from the Fiscal Police (Policía Fiscal Federal)
600 from the Interior Ministry's Center of National Security and Investigation (Centro de
Investigación y Seguridad Nacional) – Mexican intelligence agency.
Organization

The Policía Federal consists of seven branches of service, known as divisions,

administered by a central administration called the General Secretariat (Secretaría General)

Anti-drug Division – División Antidrogas

Scientific Division – División Científica
Federal Forces Division – División de Fuerzas Federales
Intelligence Division – División de Inteligencia
Investigation Division – División de Investigación
Regional Security Division – División de Seguridad Regional
National Gendarmerie Division – División de Gendarmería Nacional
There is also a separate Internal Affairs Unit (Unidad de Asuntos Internos).

2010 included the Policía Federal approx 35,000 civil servants on. A Comisionado General
(General Manager), which is used directly by the President of Mexico, heads with wide-ranging
powers the institution. Maribel Cervantes Guerrero broke off in February 2012 Facundo Rosas
Rosas, who held this office since 2009 .

The Special Operations Group (GOPES) is the police elite counter terror hostage rescue unit.

Ranks

Rank insignia of the Mexican Federal Police.

Policeman/woman – Policía – One bar
Corporal – Cabo – One chevron
2nd Sergeant – Sargento Segundo – Two chevrons
1st Sergeant – Sargento Primero – Three chevrons
Sub-officer – Suboficial – One triangle
Officer – Oficial – Two triangles
Sub-inspector – Subinspector – Three triangles
Inspector – Inspector – One star (eight-pointed)
Chief Inspector – Inspector Jefe – Two stars (eight-pointed)
Inspector General – Inspector General – Three stars (eight-pointed)
Commissioner – Comisario
Chief Commissioner – Comisario Jefe
Commissioner General – Comisario General

Equipment
Weapons

Heckler & Koch USP

FN FAL
Mossberg 500
Pistols
Beretta 92F2
Glock pistol
Submachine guns
Colt 9 mm SMG
Uzi
Assault rifles
AR-15
Galil ACE
Sniper rifles
Machine guns

Transport
The PF has many vehicles; land, sea and air, it is estimated to own more than 17,000 patrol cars.
The exact information regarding transport vehicles and aircraft that comprise the fleet of the
Federal Police is classified, to protect the life and efficiency of agents.

Rotary wing and fixed wing pilot training takes place in the school of Naval Aviation located on
Las Bajadas, Veracruz.

Aircraft
Fixed-wing aircraft
CASA CASA CN-235 CN-235-400 Transport 2
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Hydra Technologies Hydra Technologies S4 S4B Observation & Reconnaissance
12
Helicopters
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk UH-60M/L Transport & Air Support 12
Mil Mil Mi-17 Mi-171-V Transport & Air Support 4
Eurocopter AS350L1 Reconnaissance & Air Support
Eurocopter AS 350B3 Squirrel
Bell HelicopterBell 206
Bell HelicopterBell 412 B-412EP Transport, Air Support & Reconnaissance 3

IV. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

1. Describe the national police force of Mexico.

2. What are the duties of the police force in Mexico?
 3. State the name of the police force in Mexico since the creation of the Federal
Preventive Police.
4. What would be the problem encountered by the president in the fight against
war on drugs?
5. Who created the National guard in charge in preventing and combating crime?

Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)