Quezon City University: Teens Who Use Social Media More Are More Susceptible To Anxiety And/or Depression

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY i
Teens who use social media more are more susceptible to anxiety and/or
depression
A Quantitative Methods Proposal Documentation

Presented to
The Department of Information Technology
Quezon City University
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
SBIT-3O
Group 1
Members:
Adelantar, Angelo
Arimado, Angel
Bansales, Jorge
Clidoro, Angeluz C.
Labonao, Joshua G.
Patenio, Risley A.
Pellazar, John Paul
Reabal, Marc Genesis L.
Robles, Austin Robert
Serafina, John Mark P.
(July 2,2021)
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table Of Contents................................................................................................................ii
List Of Tables.....................................................................................................................iv
List Of Figures.....................................................................................................................v
List Of Appendices..............................................................................................................v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION........................................................................................7
Statement of the Problem.................................................................................................8
Purpose of the Study and Delimitation............................................................................9
Theoretical Perspective..............................................................................................10
Research Question.....................................................................................................10
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..................................................11
Foreign Literature......................................................................................................11
Foreign Studies..........................................................................................................14
Local Literature.........................................................................................................19
Local Studies.............................................................................................................21
Sythesis......................................................................................................................24
CHAPTER III METHODS................................................................................................27
Research Method...........................................................................................................27
Research Design............................................................................................................27

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY iii
Population, Sample and Participants.............................................................................27
Research Instrument......................................................................................................29
Data Collection..............................................................................................................29
Data Analysis Procedure................................................................................................29
Data Analysis ................................................................................................................30
CHAPTER IV ...................................................................................................................44
Ethical Issue...................................................................................................................44
Preliminary....................................................................................................................44
Appendices....................................................................................................................45
Timeline.........................................................................................................................48
References......................................................................................................................49

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table no. Table Title Page No.
1 Presentation of Demographic Data 32
2.1 Social Media Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation) 36
2.2 Anxiety Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation) 39
2.3 Depression Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation) 42
3 Means and Standard Deviation of 3 Variables 43

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure no. Figure Title Page No.
1.1 Age of Respondents 30
1.2 Gender of Respondents 31
1.3 Status of Respondents 31
2.1 Social Media Scale 33
3.1 Anxiety Scale 37
4.1 Depression Scale 40

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Title Page No.
A Demographic Questionnaire 45
B Social Media Scale 46
C Anxiety Scale 47
D Depression Scale 47

QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY 7
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
This research examines the issues of the relation between social media and its
impact on behavior change of the teenagers. Today, messages can reach audiences and
target groups in real time and they can generate changes and tendencies. Crowds are
becoming more powerful through technology, because technology has the ability to unite
them.
According to Susan Greenfield, an Oxford University researcher in her article The Quest
for Identity in the 21st Century, on Daily Mail UK 14th September, 2016, as growing
numbers of people discover the potential of the World Wide Web and as they become
active parts of it and as technology becomes even more advanced, expanded, accessible
and sophisticated, current forms of communication will transform, taking advantage of
the crowd sourcing phenomenon.
This research will find out what these social media effect on teenagers. What are the
implications of Social Media to their teenager’s behavior? New information Technology
(IT) is almost everywhere and has dramatically altered the way we live. These tools have
become valued elements of life in teenager merely because they opened many doors to
teenagers and allowed them to interact freely and markedly unlike at any other time in

history. Some school have been hit by new generations of youth coming from high
schools with quite a decent knowledge about information technology and how to use its
tools, especially cellular phones and computers. While any technology can be put to good
or bad use, depending on the user, many parents have bought their children cellular
phones and PCs so they may use them appropriately and effectively, mainly for learning
purposes as well as knowing where they are at any time and come to their help if they
need it.
Statement of the Problem
This study will try to find out the impact that social media has on the teenager ‘s
behavior. Technology has many positive aspects but, in the wrong hands, it can become
dangerous. For the young people it is experiments to do what they feel is good or exciting
to them and the friends and at the same time avoid adult supervision.
Research shows that 60 percent of adolescents are looking at their phones in the last hour
before sleep, and that they get on average an hour less sleep than their peers who don’t
use their phones before bed. Blue light from electronic screens interferes with falling
asleep; on top of that, checking social media is not necessarily a relaxing or sleep-
inducing activity. Scrolling on social media, notes Dr. Hamlet, can easily end up causing
stress.
In our current research, we propose to examine factors that have an impact to teenagers
when using social media. We will used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to

gather both primary and secondary data and information with the objective of
determining factors that cause depression or anxiety to teenagers.

Purpose of the Study and Delimitation
The current study examined correlations between social media use and its effects
on depression, anxiety, and changes in self-concept through quantitative data. Variables
included in the analysis of research were depression, anxiety, time spent using social
media, number of platforms used, perception of addiction, and type of use. Research
showed no significant correlations between social media used and depression or anxiety,
however observational analyses of correlation tables revealed a relationship between time
spent using and number of platforms used; time spent using and perception of addiction;
time spent using with active use; and perception of addiction with active use. Discussed
are the implications of student's perceptions of social media addiction and the active use
of social media. Given the gaps in literature related to social media's effects on self-
concept, Research also used to gain qualitative analyses of student's interrelated beliefs of
social media and its impacts on the formation and maintenance of self-concept. Students
also explored similarities and differences between influential factors, such as internal and
external components. The respondents reported an awareness of addiction-like behaviors,
and identified both protective and risk factors of social media. Pathways of risky or
protective social media engagement were introduced as a further topic of study.
The study is limited by time and financial resources and as result the research will
have to source for more financial resources and use alternative means. This research is
focused only on teenagers which age around 13-19 years old.

Theoretical Perspective
The theories describe the framework under which the media is supposed to
operate. They explore the similarities between social media and the audience
perception and opinion. The theories study seeks to determine the correlation
between the teenager and their daily usage of the internet and interactive media,
and to bring out the effects experienced. This will determine the suitability of the
models to the effects of using social media. We do not communicate with distant
friends as over the telephone anymore. We have started to only communicate
through the impersonal use of the internet. The theories try to explain how youth
have developed and what they have changed. These theories provide a way to see
why this has happened. The theories explain the simple cause and effect analysis
between the introduction of new technology and the changes in youth's way of
thinking, feeling, acting, or believing.
Research Question
The following research questions guided the study:
1. How do the teenagers use social media in their daily lives?
2. Do the teenagers prefer social media as a means of communication as opposed
to traditional methods?
3. What are the impacts of social media on the behavior change of teenagers?
4. What are the risks that come with use of social media among the teenagers?

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
Social Media
According to Kietzmann, Silvestre, McCarthy, & Pitt, (2015) Social Media is a tool that
usage of mobile and electronic innovations to make profoundly cooperative stages that
enable people and groups to share, make, examine and alter client produced content
Peter (2015) This technology not only gives you data but prefers to work with you while
giving you data. Usually through a website with social network allows you to run on the
Internet and to help you to pay for work
Kaplan & Haenlein, (2016) Social media is characterized as "a gathering of web-based
application, that expands on the ideological establishment and permits the creation and
trade of client produced content". For sure, online networking refers to a mean of
collaboration among individuals in which they make, offer, trade and remark among
themselves in various systems.
Santesteban-Echarri et al., (2017) Social media impacts can arrange into positive and
negative impacts. Structural results or positive effects make pleasure less timidity and
create confidence. In particular, social networking sites (SNS) have been incredibly
broad, becoming a new framework for communication and social support among young
people. Interesting features of Internet-based intervention include secrecy, a lack of

hierarchy among users, easy communication due to removal of face-to-face component
and increased ownership.
In Addition, these characteristics can lead to increased emotional confession, decrease
embarrassment and decrease loneliness, the development of supportive relationships and
increased self-confidence and the potential for a reduction in fear of stigma. Negative
impact includes nervousness, misery and other psychological sickness. Major depressive
disorder (MDD) (a psychological problem) is seen among
Depression
American Psychiatric Association (2015) depression is a common and serious medical
illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act.
Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of
interest in activities you once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical
problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home.
Adaja (2013) As we know, the new social media include internet websites such as
MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, Flicker, and other social networking or social media, and
sharing sites, as well as blogs, video games, virtual worlds, mobile telephones, text
messaging devices and Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. It includes blogs
(political Blog), networks (Facebook, Twitter, etc), video sharing (YouTube), audio
sharing (Podcast), mobile sites (2go etc), image or picture sharing (flicker), etc. It has the
capacity to improve the participation because of the textual and audio-visual
characteristic appeal, the openness, conversation nature, and connectedness

Tapscott (2016) talks of growing up in a digital environment referring to the youth as the
Net Generation‖. Children are socializing in a hybrid virtual space, learning in innovative
ways, creating a new language and practicing multicultural values. The main
characteristics of the N-Gen‖ culture are independence, emotional and intellectual
openness, inclusion, free expression and strong views, innovative, preoccupation with
maturity, pleasure by the investigation, immediacy, and sensitivity to corporate interest,
authentication, and trust.
Radovic, Gmelin, Stein, & Miller, (2017) Understanding the frameworks behind how
passionate states may be associated with social media use and the other path around may
require a more intensive examination than a cross-sectional outline would give.
Identification of the different reasons for and settings for social media use among
youthful grown-ups with depression may give clinicians methods to advance more
positive and expert social employments of social media with their patients

Foreign Studies
Livingstone and Bober (2015). Survey results suggest that 70% gaps between parents
and children happens in different ways: Internet expertise, awareness of risk,
acknowledgement of domestic regulations in place, and in what parents believe their
children are doing versus what they are actually doing. It is evident that there exists a
relation between social media and their impact on the teenager change in behavior.
Consequently, messages can reach audiences and target groups in real time and they can
generate changes and tendencies. Today, young generations grow up having great contact
with different kinds of social media. They are easily acquiring digital literacy‖ and live in
a digital world to which adults are only naturalized citizens.
Enhancing Child Safety & Online Technologies, 2008 for Internet & Society at Harvard
University, (2015) More specifically in relation to our aim the intensive or high levels of
online participation or internet use has been associated with online risk. But, the simple
use of internet cannot predict risk. From the development perspective, it can be argued in
relation to the use of the internet by youth that the multiple sensory inputs are demanding
on cognitive resources and can overwhelm children capacity to engage in thoughtful
decision making. At an early age, children are not aware of the risks, and they require
adult supervision. During adolescence, a child ability to make life choices is still under
development. In fact, adolescents have especially been often considered as vulnerable to
risky behaviors like the consumption of drugs or alcohol.

However, (Ortiz, A, 2017) some of the online behaviors performance by children as well
as adolescents classified as risky behaviors should be better classified as online
challenging behavior, since these online behaviors are commonly practice by youth today
and in the most cases these behaviors are not associated with negative consequences.
Many of these behaviors are encouraged or reinforced by the very structural
characteristics of the virtual space, and sometimes the manifestation of certain behaviors
is necessary in order to participate with others in cyberspace and enjoy the full benefits of
online applications (i.e., publish photos in social networks, chat, interact or build
associations or groups with strangers in video games).
According to Livingstone and Bober, (2015), social media have an impact on the youth in
various ways. For instance, with regard to exposure to problematic material, the Internet
has changed the way the consumption of pornography takes place. People have greater
possibility to access pornography through their own initiative or accidentally. Research
has revealed that the 57 percent of 13 to 19 years old, have come into contact with online
pornography. Their encounters with pornography happened in different ways. The most
common was in pop-up advert, open porn site accidentally when looking for something
else or in junk mail. addition 22 percent of 13–19-year-old, daily and weekly users have
accidentally ended up on a site with violent or gruesome pictures, and 9 percent on a site
that is hostile or hateful to a group of people. Additionally, a survey of risk, impact and
prevention found that using the internet intensively, taking risk online, going to chat
rooms, and using the computer in other people homes are the most predictive behaviors
associated with exposure to sexual material on the internet.

In addition, (Chung and Grimes, 2015) exposition to advertising and consumption of
virtual items is also on the rise. Thus, the youth are constantly exposed to different types
of marketing, not only by visiting web pages, but also through the practice of their
favorite hobbies. Virtual online communities and video 12 games include exposition of
real-life marketing inside the virtual settings. Some communities transform children play
into a way of gathering information. New kinds of games and virtual communities come
into the picture when the user spends money to enhance the gaming experience
(subscriptions, purchasing virtual items). Many of these virtual spaces are based on a real
economic infrastructure where users Real Trade money (RTM) in order to buy, sell, and
exchange virtual items or virtual money.
Social media has also resulted in online sexual victimization among the youth. The Youth
Internet Safety Survey, conducted by Crimes Against Children Research Center at the
University of New Hampshire interviewed 1,501 youth ages 10 to 17 years that
frequently use the internet found that the 19 percent of youth (77 percent were 14 years or
older) have received an unwanted sexual solicitation via the web; only 24 percent of teens
told a parent about the solicitation (29 percent told a peer); and 75 percent of teens were
not worried by the sexual online solicitation.
Li, (2016) Consequently, harassment among peers has become unlimited thanks to the
teenager access to the modern technologies. Bullying has occurred in a new territory,
online. Studies suggest that offline bullying usually increases in middle school but online
harassment happens later and continues into high school.

Ybarra et, al. (2017) This technology has also resulted in the development of dangerous
online behavior. Thus, not only the exposition to unwanted material has been considered
as a serious risk, but also the participation and the facility to become a member of
controversial groups. Some youth may identify strongly with this sort of material and
they may feel validated and encouraged to practice it. study found that engaging in many
different kinds of online risky behaviors explain online interpersonal victimization more
than engaging in specific individual behaviors‖. Interestingly, according to Ybarra et al.,
(2017) engaging in online risky behavior takes place while youth is using the internet
with friends or peers. (40 percent).
Other forms of dangerous online behavior include bullying. Studies have often found an
overlap between cyber bullying offenders and victims. Although, it is recognized that
adults bulled minors, it is not precisely known how common it is. (Wolak et al, 2016).
Other studies point out that minors are usually harassed by people of their same age.
(Hinduja and Patchin, 2016 in Enhancing Child Safety & Online Technologies, 2008 for
Internet & Society at Harvard University, 2015). Males are more likely to be bullies and
cyber bullies than females. (Li, 2016).
It is also obvious that social media has led to increased online socialization among the
youth. An internet connection allows new ways to establish fellowship and support
previous ‗based in real life relationships. Chats, forums, web pages and the most recent
web 2.0 technologies allow people to interchange information and socialize in very

creative ways. A Swedish study revealed that to be a member of one or several virtual
communities is common. Approximately 55 percent of the youth 13 to 16 years old is
member in some virtual community. The 67 percent of the girls and the 42 percent of the
boys are member of one of these communities.

Local Literature
Lucero (2017) Social Networking is one of the most active web-based activities in the
Philippines. It is already a part of Filipino cyber culture. Power to the people wave
declared that 83% of the Filipinos are members of a social network. Filipino also ranked
top on photo uploads and wed video viewers and second on member of blog readers.
Social networking in the Philippines is used in education, election campaign material,
media to propaganda and one of the aids in criminal investigation. Since, Filipinos has
high regard for family connection and communication usage of this account is highly
emphasized. With the birth of this SNS that allows real time conversation and comments,
more and more become engaged to it including not only families abroad, but all those
who has access to the internet. It is for this reason that Philippines has been tagged as the
Social Networking Capital of the world due to popularity of Friendster, Facebook,
Instagram and Twitter.
Egedegbe (2014) knowledge on the social networking media is a basic asset that a college
student nowadays must possesses in order to survive in his chosen volition. In this regard,
a question may be asked: Is any use of social networking media beneficial to students?
Unfortunately, studies revealed different results. Accordingly, the use of technology such
as internet is one of the most important factors that can influence educational
performance of students positively or adversely. The effect of SNS usage will depend on
the type of SNS the student is using, if student uses the internet for the purpose of leisure
activity that interferes with academic, it will affect the student academic performance
negatively.

Lim et al., (2016) the association of social media usage with increased depression. The
more time young adults use social media, the more likely they are to be depressed. Also,
users who allot the highest amount of time in social media showed decreased social
bonding and increased loneliness. Engagement in some activities on social media may
give a feeling of wasted time which negatively influences mood. Excessive use of social
media may lead to depression because the exposure to highly idealized representations of
peers elicits feelings of envy and a distorted belief that othershave happier and more
successful lives.
Local Studies

Cabiles (2015) Study about 40 Schools in the Philippines. A study found out that 90% of
teen students visit social media networking sites in a regular basis using desktop
computers, laptops, e-readers, tablets, and cell phones to actively engage in social
networking, text messaging, blogging, content sharing, online learning, and much more
daily.
According to the Manila Bulletin (2021) There were 89.00 million social media users in
the Philippines in January 2021. The number of social media users in the Philippines
increased by 16 million (+22%) between 2020 and 2021. The number of social media
users in the Philippines was equivalent to 80.7% of the total population in January 2021.
A particular study by Kumar (2015) revealed that social networking media gave a sense
of belonging to an academic community, as the students online with their friends were
mostly, they met in college. Two step flow interactions, student to student and teacher to
student favored academic learning through social networks. The use of these networks
has to be disciplined as it can lead to distraction from education. The social networks
used for educational tutoring and
social networking sites that students used for academic purposes are the YouTube,
WhatsApp and Facebook. Meanwhile, not only the students are benefiting. For example,
the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC) discovered that
85% of college admission offices reported using at least one form of social media to
recruit prospective students in 2008 and increase from 61% last 2007.

Sanchez (2020) The Philippines has one of the highest numbers of social network users
across Southeast Asia, with a social media penetration rate of approximately 67 percent
as of January 2020. On average, Filipinos spent almost four hours using social media. It
has created a way to connect and bridge distances between family and friends, enabled
content creators to share information through digital media, and allowed a broader reach
of promotional marketing through online ads. Its’ functionality was one of the factors that
led to increasing social network users.
UNICEF Philippines (2019) One in three young people in 30 countries said they have
been a victim of online bullying, with one in five saying they skipped school due to
cyberbullying and violence, according to a new poll released today by UNICEF, the
United Nations organization working for children’s rights. In the Philippines, latest
national data show that cyberviolence affects almost half of children aged 13-171. The
prevalence of cyberviolence for males (44 per cent) is almost the same for females (43
per cent). One-third of cyberviolence experienced by Filipino children are in the form of
verbal abuse over the internet or cellphone, while a fourth are through sexual messages.
More females received messages of sexual nature or content than males. However, twice
as many males than females reported having their nude body or sexual activities, whether
real or falsified, shown on the internet or cellphone.

According to the research of Ferrer conducted in 2015 at the University of Southern
Mindanao, 93.8% of Bachelor of Arts in English was a member of social media
networking and 48.94% got an excellence General Point Average.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature, Studies and Systems
Social media is a tool that usage of mobile and electronic innovations to make profoundly
cooperative stages that enable people and groups to share, make, examine and alter client
produced content. This technology not only gives you data but prefers to work with you
while giving you data. Usually through a website with social network allows you to run
on the Internet and to help you to pay for work. Social media is characterized as "a
gathering of web-based application, that expands on the ideological establishment and
permits the creation and trade of client produced content". For sure, online networking
refers to a mean of collaboration among individuals in which they make, offer, trade and
remark among themselves in various systems. Social media impacts can arrange into
positive and negative impacts. Structural results or positive effects make pleasure less
timidity and create confidence. In particular, social networking sites (SNS) have been
incredibly broad, becoming a new framework for communication and social support
among young people. Interesting features of Internet-based intervention include secrecy,
a lack of hierarchy among users, easy communication due to removal of face-to-face
component and increased ownership. These characteristics can lead to increased
emotional confession decrease embarrassment and decrease loneliness, the development
of supportive relationships and increased self-confidence and the potential for a reduction
in fear of stigma. Negative impact includes nervousness, misery and other psychological
sickness. Major depressive disorder (MDD) (a psychological problem) is seen among
young people at comparable to adult population. 25% of young people up to age 19 years
will experienced a MDD and MDD with the highest prevalence of depression and

cumulative will be experienced in 18-25 years of younger adults. After the index episode,
the relapse rate in populations of young people is also high, ranging between 34% and
75% within the first five years. Complications of depression include compromised
psychosocial functioning, diminished life and profession fulfillment, more social issues,
more noteworthy requirement for social help, more comorbid mental conditions, and
expanded danger of Affected young people frequently experience considerable danger of
repeat of scenes of depression even after recovery from an underlying scene of
depression. There are many causes of depression. One of the variables that impact
advancement of depression is monstrous introduction to web-based social networking.
According to previous study the estimated use of current media is 8.5 hours per day. The
unnecessary media presentation regularly happens during the evening which is profitable
for typical intellectual and enthusiastic advancement and causes poor rest. It has likewise
been recommended that early media presentation can influence the ideal advancement of
basic leadership work conceivably adding to presentation to subjective predispositions
which is related with Similarly, depression may also occur directly due to media content
on the other hand, some discouraged youngsters encountered a positive result utilizing
social media after they increased social help by uncovering their depressive side effects
to others. Understanding the frameworks behind how passionate states may be associated
with social media use and the other path around may require a more intensive
examination than a cross-sectional outline would give. Identification of the different
reasons for and settings for social media use among youthful grown-ups with depression

may give clinicians methods to advance more positive and expert social employments of
social media with their patients.
CHAPTER III

27
METHODS

Research Method
The researchers’ use quantitative method. This is a quantitative cross-sectional
research which used the descriptive correlational design to explore the relationships
between social media and behavior of the respondent.
Research Design
Research design involves the planning, organization, collection and analysis of
data so as to provide answers to questions such as: what techniques will be used to gather
data? What sampling strategies and tools will be used? And how will time and cost
constraints be dealt with. The researcher proposes to use the descriptive quantitative
survey design to gather data relating to the impact of social media among the youth on
behavior change, attitude and perception. A descriptive quantitative survey aims at
describing the distribution of a phenomenon in a population and thereby establishing the
facts (percentages and frequencies).
Population, Sample and Participants
The target population refers to the specific group relevant to a particular study.
Mugenda et al (2003) explain that a population is a group of individuals or objects that
have the same form of characteristics. They are the totality of cases that conform to
certain specifications, which defines the elements that are included or excluded in the
target group. The target population for this study includes 50 respondents in different part
of the Philippines.

A sample is a smaller number or the population that is used to make conclusions
regarding the whole population. Its purpose is to estimate unknown characteristics of the
population. Sampling therefore is the systematic process of selecting a number of
individuals for a study to represent the larger group from which they were selected (Gay,
2015). The process of sampling takes in to account various issues and will depend on the
organization type, purpose, complexity, time constraints and previous research in the
area. There are two types of sampling techniques employed by researchers - probability
and nonprobability sampling. Probability sampling, as the name suggests, is based on the
idea that people selected as the sample will be representative of a cross-section the
population under study. Non-probability sampling is conducted without such knowledge
about whether those included in the sample are representative of the population
(Denscombe, 2013). The study proposes to use probability sampling. Probability
sampling methods are those in which every item in the entire population has a known
chance of being included in the study sample. The selected process is chiefly random and
independent of the person doing the research. This method produces unbiased estimates
with measurable precision that requires relatively little knowledge about the population.
A total of 50 teenagers from different will be issued with a questionnaire to answer in for
the study. The sample size is in keeping with the quatitative research which emphasizes
depth of focus instead of quantity of information. Generally, in qualitative research, the
sample size for small-scale research should be in the region of about 50 participants after
which the likelihood of repeated findings is increased greatly.

Research Instrument
This research has three variables, social media (independent variable), depression
and anxiety (dependent variable). The questionnaire was isolated in four parts. The
Demographic scale for the personal information of the respondent. The social media scale
Data Collection
There are numerous ways of collecting data and these depend on the purpose and
aims of the research. In this study data is collected by means of questionnaires through
google form then distributed in respondents using social media. Data collection involves
contacting the members of the population that will be sampled in order to collect the
required information about the study.
Data Analysis Procedures
Data analysis consists of the examining, categorizing, tabulating or otherwise
recombining the evidence to address the initial propositions of the study. The data
obtained from the questionnaires are analyzed using a technique called "open coding".
This technique involves a process of breaking down, examining, comparing,
conceptualizing and categorizing data (Leedy,2017). Open coding enables the researcher
to classify and categorize data so that patterns can be discovered and conclusions drawn.
The researcher makes up codes as she progresses through the data. In this way the
researcher searches for common dominant themes that appear in the transcripts of the

data. The researcher gets the Mean (average) and the Standard Deviation using the
formula
= population standard deviation
= the size of the population
= each value from the population
= the population mean
Data Analysis
Figures: Presentation of Demographic Data
Figure.1.1 Age of Respondents

Figure 1.2 Gender of Respondents
Figure 1.3 Status of Respondents

Table(1) : Presentation of Demographic Data
Frequency Percent
Age Group
13 yrs old and below 0 0%
13-19 yrs old 46 92%
20 yrs old and above 4 8%
Gender
Female 23 46%
Male 23 46%
Prefer not to say 4 8%
Status
Single 36 72%
In Relationship 14 28%
Total 50 100
Table 1 shows the demographic data of the participants. Age group 0 which
represents (0%) of the respondents were 13 yrs old and below, 46 which represents
(92%) were between 13-19 yrs old, and 4 which represents (8%) were 20 yrs old and
above. Gender 23 representing (46%) of respondents were female, 23 representing (46%)
of respondents were male, and 4 representing (8%) of respondents were not prefer to say.
Status 36 representing (72%) of respondents was single and 14 representing (28%) of
respondents were In relationship.
Figures: Social Media Scale

Figure 2.1 Social Media Scale



Table 2.1 Social Media Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation)

Figures: Anxienty Scale
Figure 3.1 Anxienty Scale


Table 2.2 Anxienty Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation)

Figures: Depression Scale
Figure 4.1 Depression Scale


Table 2.3 Deppresion Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation)
Table 3 Means and Standard Deviation of 3 Variables

CHAPTER IV

Ethical Issues
The goal of ethics is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse
consequence from the research activities. Given the sensitive relationships between
researcher and respondents, reasonable safeguards will be built in this study based on
ethical considerations and requirements. Therefore, the information that the researcher
receives during the period of this study will be treated in confidence and purely for
academic purposes. Names or respondents will not be used or mentioned in this study.
Preliminary
We want to take that topic and turn it into a research question, so we do some
preliminary research on impact of social media to teenage behavior as an answer. Now
we want to create a research question with this information: Does Social Media cause
depression?
Based on our research teenage users who spend the most time on Social Media platforms
were shown to have a substantially (from 13 to 66 percent) higher rate of reported
depression than those who spent the small amount of time.
Appendixes

Appendix A: Demographics Questionnaire
Name (optional)____________
Age * Gender *
O 13 O Male
O 14 O Female
O 15 O Prepare not to say
O 16
O 17 Status *
O 18 O Single
O 19 O In Relationship
Others____________
Appendix B: Social Media Scale

Appendix C: Anxiety Scale

Appendix D Depression Scale

REFERENCES

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QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY i

A Quantitative Methods Proposal Documentation

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Statement of the Problem.................................................................................................8

Purpose of the Study and Delimitation............................................................................9

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..................................................11

CHAPTER III METHODS................................................................................................27

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Population, Sample and Participants.............................................................................27

Data Analysis Procedure................................................................................................29

Data Analysis ................................................................................................................30

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Table no. Table Title Page No.

1 Presentation of Demographic Data 32

2.1 Social Media Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation) 36

2.2 Anxiety Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation) 39

2.3 Depression Scale (Mean and Standard Deviation) 42

3 Means and Standard Deviation of 3 Variables 43

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Figure no. Figure Title Page No.

1.1 Age of Respondents 30

1.2 Gender of Respondents 31

1.3 Status of Respondents 31

2.1 Social Media Scale 33

2.2 Social Media Scale 33

2.3 Social Media Scale 34

2.4 Social Media Scale 34

2.5 Social Media Scale 35

3.1 Anxiety Scale 37

3.2 Anxiety Scale 37

3.3 Anxiety Scale 38

3.4 Anxiety Scale 38

3.5 Anxiety Scale 39

4.1 Depression Scale 40

4.2 Depression Scale 40

4.3 Depression Scale 41

4.4 Depression Scale 41

4.5 Depression Scale 42

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Appendix Title Page No.

B Social Media Scale 46

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

and sophisticated, current forms of communication will transform, taking advantage of

the crowd sourcing phenomenon.

implications of Social Media to their teenager’s behavior? New information Technology

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Statement of the Problem

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

determining factors that cause depression or anxiety to teenagers.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Purpose of the Study and Delimitation

on depression, anxiety, and changes in self-concept through quantitative data. Variables

however observational analyses of correlation tables revealed a relationship between time

external components. The respondents reported an awareness of addiction-like behaviors,

protective social media engagement were introduced as a further topic of study.

focused only on teenagers which age around 13-19 years old.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY