NAME –Devansh Singh

CLASS – D6
ROLL NO. – 57

EXPERIMENT-3

AIM: - To study amplitude modulation

APPARATUS:- Multisim simulation software

THEORY:-

1. Amplitude modulation: Modulation is a process of translating information

signal from low band frequency to high band frequency that is suits the
transmission medium. Information signal is usually of low frequency, so it cannot
travel far. It needs a carrier signal of higher frequency for long distance
destination. The inputs are carrier and information (modulating) signals while the
output is called the modulated signal. Amplitude Modulation (AM) refers to the
modulation technique where the carrier’s amplitude is varied in accordance to the
instantaneous value of the modulating or baseband signal’s amplitude. An AM
signal is represented as: Sinusoidal carrier wave C(t) given as: c(t) = A cos wct A =
Max amplitude of the carrier wave Wc = carrier frequency AM wave can be
expressed as: s(t) = x(t) cos wct + A cos wct s(t) = [A + x(t) ] cos wct

2. Modulation Index: The amount by which the amplitude of the carrier wave
increases and decreases depends on the amplitude of the information signal and is
known as modulation index or depth of modulation. The extent of amplitude
variation in AM about unmodulated carrier amplitude is measured in terms of a
factor called modulation index.

m= Vmax -
Vmin
X 100%
Vmax +
Vmin
3. Double side band transmitter: The transmitter circuit produces the AM signal
which is used to carry information over transmission to the receiver.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

MULTISIM CIRCUIT AND WAVEFORM:-

PROCEDURE:-
1. Connections are made for the AM Modulator and Demodulator as shown in the
circuit diagrams.
2. Frequency of the input carrier is fixed at constant amplitude of 1 volt and 150
KHz.
3. A message signal of 1 KHz at 0.5 volt amplitude is applied at the modulating
signal input.
4. The Vmax and Vmin are measured and tabulated to calculate the Modulation
Index m
5. The amplitude of the message signal is varied in steps till the Vmin reaches the
minimum.
6. The same set of amplitude values are used for two or three modulating
frequencies and values tabulated.
7. The maximum value of m is observed to be 1.
8. The demodulated message signal is observed from the output of the Envelope
Detector and tabulated in the demodulator side of the tabulation.
9. A selection of RC network is important for a faithful recovery of the message
signal.
10. All optimum parameters like Vcc are noted down.
CALCULATION:-
Formulae used:
Modulation Index,
m= Vmax -
Vmin
X 100%
Vmax +
Vmin

Power of Carrier Signal, Pc = Ac²/2

Power of Side Band, Ps = Pc [1+ ma²/2]
Total power, P = Pc + Ps

RESULT:-
Study of DSB/SSB AM signal has been done. Modulation Index has been
calculated and power has been determined.