RAJEEV INSTTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Dept. of Electronics & Communication

Engineering
Project Progress seminar on

“Data Reduction in WSN for

Smart Agriculture”
Presented by –
Sharadhi(4RA17EC045)
Smitha H R(4RA17EC047)
Suchithra S N(4RA17EC050)

Guide Name & designation HOD Name & designation:

Dr.Yashwanth N Dr. Arvind B.N
Asst. Professor Dept. of ECE Professor and Dept. Head of ECE
Contents
⮚ Abstract

⮚ Introduction

⮚ Problem Formulation

⮚ Existing system

⮚ Proposed system

⮚ Objectives of proposed system

⮚ Hardware Requirements

⮚ Software Requirements

⮚ Methodology

⮚ Reference
Abstract:
Smart Farming is focussed on the use of data acquired through various sources (historical, geographical and instrumental)
in the management of farm activities . Technologically advanced doesn’t essentially mean that it is a smart system. Smart
systems differentiate themselves through their ability to record the data and make sense out of it. Smart farming
employs hardware (IoT) and software (SaaS) to capture the data and give actionable insights to manage all the operations
on the farm, both pre and post-harvest . The data is organized, accessible all the time and full of data on every aspect of
finance and field operations that can be monitored from anywhere in the world.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can serve as a monitoring system for those types of features. However, WSN suffer
from the limited energy resources of the motes which shorten the lifetime of the overall network. Every mote periodically
captures the monitored feature and sends the data to the sink for further analysis depending on a certain sampling rate.
This process of sending big amount of data causes a high energy consumption of the sensor node and an important
bandwidth usage on the network.
Introduction:

⮚ Since many works on the digitalization of cultural sites and related archives have already been started, the heritage field is
well suited for the development of an informative tool based on object recognition. In order to deal with these issues, we
are studying the technological domain that is commonly called ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI).
⮚ Consequently, the need for automation and intelligent decision making is becoming more important. Wireless sensor
networks (WSN) serve as low-cost monitoring systems in different domains.
⮚ We assume a WSN deployed for smart agriculture, periodically gathering environmental data from different sensor nodes
and sends the data to a sink for further analysis.
⮚ WSNs must take account of the medium occupancy of the network, the bandwidth usage and most importantly the limited
energy resources of the sensor nodes.
Data Reduction Strategies

1. Data Cube Aggregation: Aggregation operations are applied to the data in the construction of a data cube.

2. Dimensionality Reduction: In dimensionality reduction redundant attributes are detected and removed which
reduce the data set size.

3. Data Compression: Encoding mechanisms are used to reduce the data set size.

4. Numerosity Reduction: In numerosity reduction where the data are replaced or estimated by alternative.

5. Discretisation and concept hierarchy generation: Where raw data values for attributes are replaced by ranges
or higher conceptual levels.
What is Machine Learning ?
⮚ Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (Al) that provides systems the ability to
automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.

⮚ Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it
learn for themselves.

⮚ The process of learning begins with observations or data, such as examples, direct experience, or
instruction, in order to look for patterns in data and make better decisions in the future

⮚ The primary aim is to allow the computers learn automatically without human assistance and adjust
actions accordingly.
Wireless Sensor Networks

⮚ Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and
recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location.

⮚ WSNs are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location

⮚ The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance;
today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and
control, machine health monitoring, and so on.
Problem Formulation:

Data reduction for WSN has already received much attention these last years. Main data reduction techniques that are
traditionally used can be classified as clustering, scheduling, compressive sensing, multi-paths multi-channels, data
correlation and machine learning (dual prediction model). In this section we will list and explain some of these
approaches. Adapting the sampling rate of the sensor nodes can be a solution to reduce the amount of sent data from the
sensor nodes to the sink using different approaches: machine learning and the history of the data.
Existing System

⮚ Main data reduction techniques that are traditionally used can be classified as clustering, scheduling, compressive sensing, mu
paths multi-channels, data correlation and machine learning (dual prediction model).

⮚ Clustering methods aim to reduce the energy consumption in WSN by detecting spatiotemporal data similarities.

⮚ Several parameters are taken into consideration to achieve better energy saving such as: the average from the sink and the pow
of cluster head nodes.

⮚ Machine learning is applied to classify data based on their similarity on every cluster member node for less transmission.
Proposed System

⮚ The proposed concept on machine learning based data reduction algorithm (MLDR) and its main principles.
⮚ In MLDR, while capturing data, the nodes start a learning phase to detect the behavior of the monitored parameter.
⮚ Once a trend is detected, the sensor node sends this trend to the sink with the last value of the parameter from the
learning phase.
⮚ In the MLDR-Hold variant, the sensor node sends a hold message to the sink to stop the predictions and goes
back to the learning phase trying to detect a new trend from the new values.

⮚ In the MLDR-Buffer variant, the mote uses a buffer to store the last values, when a change occurs, it goes back to
the buffer to compute a new trend directly (if possible).
Objectives of the Proposed Project
⮚ Increasing danger of climate change, there is a need to locally monitor meteorological data and soil conditions to
help make quicker and more adapted decision for the culture.
⮚ Machine Learning based Data Reduction Algorithm (MLDR) is introduced. MLDR focuses on environmental data
for the benefits Of agriculture.

⮚ A data reduction approach which reduces the amount of transmitted data to the sink by adding some machine
leaming techniques at the sensor node level by keeping data availability and accuracy at the sink.
⮚ This data reduction helps reduce the energy consumption and the bandwidth usage and it enhances the use of the
medium while maintaining the accuracy of the information.
Design
The Prerequisites our project are as follows:

Hardware Requirements
• The hardware prerequisites are mentioned below in a table

Sl. NO Hardware / Equipment Specifications

1. Operating System
Windows 7 or 10
2.
RAM 4 GB
3.
Free disc space 5 GB
4.
System type and Processor x86 64-bit CPU (Intel / AMD architecture)

Table 4.1: Hardware requirements

Software Requirements

⮚ MatLab

MATLAB (an abbreviation of "matrix laboratory") is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and
numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB® combines a desktop environment tuned for
iterative analysis and design processes with a programming language that expresses matrix and array mathematics
directly. It includes the Live Editor for creating scripts that combine code, output, and formatted text in an
executable notebook.
 Methodology
⮚ Variations of the machine learning based data reduction algorithm (MLDR) in Algorithms are developed. In both
variations, the sensor node sends the first captured value val0 to the sink.

⮚ Then the sensor node enters a learning phase for n consecutive values to detect the changing trend tr between those values.
Machine Learning Based Data Reduction in WSN for Smart Agriculture Two variations have been introduced in our study,
the Hold (MLDR-H) and the Buffer (MLDR-B), that differ in the quantity of calculations to be performed on the nodes.

⮚ Indeed, sensor nodes are memory-limited devices and cannot always offer to store too much history data. So, based on the
capacity of nodes, we can use one variation or the other.

⮚ In the MLDR-Hold variant, the sensor node sends a hold message to the sink to stop the predictions and goes back to the
learning phase trying to detect a new trend from the new values.

⮚ In the MLDR-Buffer variant, the mote uses a buffer to store the last values, when a change occurs, it goes back to the
buffer to compute a new trend directly (if possible).
References
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8.”Resources.” Resources — Internet of Things World Forum, www.iotwf.com/resources/72

THANK YOU