Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Science 6 Worksheets
Science 6 Worksheets
6
Science
Learner’s Activity Material
Mario P. Madriaga
Brenda B. Samson
Arlene A. Sioc
Joseph A. Villaralvo
3
WORKSHEETS IN SCIENCE 6
I. Matter
Pre-Assessment 6
Solutions 11
Mixtures 16
Techniques in Separating Mixtures 20
Importance of Separating Mixtures 25
Colloids 29
Post-Assessment 34
4
IV. Earth and Space
Pre-Assessment 116
Earthquake Changes the Earth’s Surface 118
Let’s get ready for an earthquake! 127
Motions of the Earth 133
Why Seasons Change 139
Post-Assessment 144
5
MATTER
6
PRE-ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple Choice
Read the following statements carefully and encircle the letter of the best
answer.
2. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are materials that are magnetic. If you want to
separate nails from wood chips, which method of separating mixture will you
use?
a. Decantation c. Magnetic separation
b. Evaporation d. Sieving
3. A mixture is made when you combine two substances in such a way that no
new products are formed between the components. Banana con yelo is an
example of this kind of mixture. The following are the observable properties of
banana con yelo:
I. It has solid components
II. It has uniform appearance
III. It has liquid components
IV. It has no uniform appearance
7
4. There are five types of solutions and all these types are homoeineous: sugar
in water, salt in water, and juice powder in water, Coffee in water are what type
of solutions?
a. Solid in liquid c. Gas in liquid
b. Liquid in liquid d. Solid in solid
6. A bottle of alcohol, mouthwash, smog, vinegar and air are all examples of
homogeneous mixture EXCEPT one. Which material is NOT a homogeneous
mixture?
a. a bottle of alcohol b. air c. smog d. vinegar
8
9. Which of these mixtures are heterogeneous?
a. I and III b. II and III c. II and IV d. III and IV
a. b.
c. d.
12. Which mixture will use a magnet to separate components from non
magnetic components?
a. salt and rocks c. pebbles and water
b. paper clips and pieces of paper d. pepper and vinegar
13. You are eating halo-halo but you do not like to eat the beans present in it,
how will you remove the beans from your halo-halo?
a. By using a magnet c. By scooping
b. By sieving d. By decanting
9
14. Combining sugar and water will form sugar solution or syrup. How will you
separate sugar from water?
a. By continuos mixing c. By freezing the mixture
b. By heating the mixture d. By filtering sugar solution
10
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1
Brief Introduction
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to describe the
appearance and uses of solutions such as solid and solid, solid and liquid,
and liquid and liquid.
Let’s Recall
A. Given the two figures below:
1. Sugar in water 2. Sago and Gulaman
= Sago
= Gulaman
= Syrup
= Sugar
11
1. Which has a uniform appearance?
2. Which has a non-uniform appearance?
3. In your own words, describe uniform mixtures and non-uniform mixtures.
Let’s Understand
There are five types of solutions. All these types are homogeneous.
1. Solid in liquid
A solid substance is dissolved in a liquid substance. Examples are sugar
in water, salt in water, juice powder in water, or coffee in water.
12
2. Liquid in liquid
A liquid substance can also be dissolved in another liquid and these two
substances can be mixed thoroughly. Examples of these are alcohol and water,
wine and soda water, concentrated fruit juice in water.
3. Gas in liquid
Certain liquids contain gaseous substances. Soft drinks appear as
liquid, but they actually contain carbon dioxide gas. This can be observed when
a bottle of soft drink is shaken or opened, bubbles appear and gas is released.
Oxygen is also present in water. Plants use them during the food –
making process.
4. Gas in gas
Air is a very good example of gas in a gas solution. It is a mixture of
several gases – oxygen (20.95%), nitrogen (78.09%), carbon dioxide (0.03%)
argon (0.93%), and several trace gases- water vapor, methane and ammonia.
5. Solid in solid
Steel, basically a solution of carbon atoms in a crystalline matrix of iron
atoms.
Alloys like bronze and many others.
Polymers containing plasticizers.
Let’s Apply
Complete the table by filling in the components and appearance of the
given types of solution.
13
Let’s Analyze
A solution is formed when one substance is dissolved in another
substance. When a substance is dissolved, it breaks down into molecules.
These molecules mix with other molecules of another substance. Solutions
contain solute and solvents. When you look at a solution, it is not possible to
distinguish a solute from a solvent.
Solute is a substance that dissolves in another substance while a solvent
is a substance that dissolves a solute.
Let’s Evaluate
Complete the table below by giving the solute and the solvent of the
given types and examples of solution.
Types of
Examples Solute Solvent
solution
Liquid dissolved
vinegar
in liquid
wine
Gas dissolved in
liquid
Soft drink
Dental amalgam
Solid dissolved
in liquid
Sugar solution
14
Let’s Create
A. Mix dishwashing liquid, oil, and water in a bottle with a lid. Shake them and
let them stand for a while. Observe. What kind of mixture is formed? Why are
the different substances immiscible? Draw the mixture you formed. Label the
components of the mixtures.
15
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2
Brief Introduction
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to classify mixtures
into uniform (homogeneous) and non-uniform (heterogeneous).
Let’s Recall
Identify the mixture with uniform appearance by putting a check on the
blank before each number.
_____ 1. sand and water
_____ 2. baking soda and vinegar
_____ 3. salt and water
_____ 4. rock and soil
_____ 5. sugar and salt
16
Let’s Understand
Mixtures can be homogeneous. A mixture is homogeneous, or what is
commonly called as a solution, when the materials in the mixture cannot be
recognized from one another. You were able to identify the different
components that were mixed because they were not evenly distributed in the
mixture. The components retained their own characteristics. The mixture
produced in this activity is a coarse or heterogeneous mixture.
A heterogeneous mixture is not uniformly mixed. An example is muddy
water. In a mixture of mud and water, the heavier mud particles settle near the
bottom of the container, so the separation of the components is seen.
Let’s Apply
Complete the table.
Mixture Ingredients Number of Kind of Mixture
Phases
Observed
Juice
Macaroni salad
Iced tea
Coffee
Lemonade
17
Based on the ingredients of the two mixtures, how will you differentiate these
with respect to the number of phases observed?
Let’s Analyze
18
Let’s Evaluate
Buko juice
Halo-halo
Lemonade
Fruit salad
Let’s Create
Note: You can use the materials given twice or more as needed.
19
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3
Brief Introduction
A mixture is made when you combine two substances in such a way that
no new products formed between the components and you can separate them
again.
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to enumerate and
describe techniques in separating mixtures.
Let’s Recall
Identify the following materials as homogeneous or heterogeneous
mixture.
_____ 1. pebbles and rocks _____ 6. powdered juice and sugar
_____ 2. pizza with toppings _____ 7. starch and soy sauce
_____ 3. chips and dips _____ 8. cocoa powder and milk
_____ 4. gravel and sand _____ 9. mixed nuts
_____ 5. coffee and hot water _____ 10. flour and water
Let’s Understand
Using a pack of Dingdong snacks, separate each nut component
present in it using pieces of clean paper.
20
Let’s Apply
Do the following activities and answer the questions in your notebook.
A. 1. Get a glass of water and a scoop of sand.
2. Mix the water and the sand. Pass the mixture through a cheesecloth.
3. Observe what happens.
4. Record your observation in your notebook.
a. How did you separate the sand from the water?
C. 1. Get a candle, evaporating dish or foil formed into a box, old feeding
bottle tongs, and soft drinks.
2. Pour 10 ml of the soft drink into the evaporating dish or foil.
3. Gently heat it until most of the water has evaporated. (Be careful not
to burn it.)
4. Allow the dish to cool. Examine the substance remaining in the dish.
Describe the product left in the foil/dish. Where did the water go? What made
the water disappear?
a. What do you think is left in the evaporating disk/foil?
b. Where did the water go?
c. What made the water disappear?
21
Let’s Analyze
Filtration
A technique in which an insoluble solid is separated
from a liquid. It uses a filter like mesh cloth or a filter paper to
separate solid components from a liquid
Evaporation
A technique used in separating a soluble
solid from a liquid. It is used by people who
produce salt by evaporating sea water under the
sun.
Decantation
Decantation is a technique used in separating a
less-dense substance from a denser one. In the process
of decantation, the mixture is left undisturbed. Oil and
water could be removed using the decantation
technique.
22
Use of Magnets
Mixture of metals and nonmetals could be separated
using a magnet. Metals are attracted to the magnet while
nonmetals are not. In this way, the use of magnet is good in
separating metals from nonmetal.
Let’s Evaluate
Given the following set of mixtures, separate the components from the
other by using the appropriate technique. Look at the given example below.
Example:
Scrap iron and plastic
Separation technique
Picking
23
Let’s Create
How will you get coconut milk from coconut meat? Show your
extraction through illustration or concept map.
24
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 4
Brief Introduction
It is necessary to be aware of the different processes of separating
mixtures. It helped us in our daily activities. It would allow us to enjoy the
simple joys of our everyday lives. We have to observe the proper ways of
separating mixtures.
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to describe the uses
and importance of the different methods of separating mixtures in our daily
lives.
Let’s Recall
Identify how each mixture can be separated by choosing the right
answers on the words in the given box.
25
Let’s Understand
Children who play with their toys everyday don’t realize that they too are
separating mixtures. With the use of
manual separation, they are able to
separate the toys they like to play with and
to keep away those that they dislike.
Distillation is a process of
separating liquids from a solution. The
separation technique is based on the
differences of the boiling point of the
substances in the mixture. Distillation is
used in producing pure water, distilled
water, or ethanol.
26
Let’s Apply
Where do you use each process in our daily like activities? Give
specific examples.
1.evaporation
2. filtration
3. decantation
4. magnetic separation
5. hand picking
Let’s Analyze
Let’s Evaluate
Read the following statements and choose the letter of the best answer.
1. If you want to separate sand from a mixture of sand and water, what method
of separation of mixtures you will use?
a. Filtration b. Sieving c. Hand picking d. Evaporation
27
3. How will you get pure water from the mixture of salt and water solution?
a. Distillation b. Sieving c. Use of magnet d. Filtration
5. A mixture was made by combining salt, iron fillings and water. Which of the
following separation techniques can be utilized to remove one component
of mixture from one another?
I. Decantation II. Evaporation III. Filtration IV. Chromatography
Let’s Create
Given the following materials (Lemon, glass, water, sugar, and spoon).
Prepare lemon juice drink and identify the proper way of separating the juice
from its seeds.
Rubrics
Indicator Points
If the pupils can perform the proper
way of separating the lemon juice 5
from its seeds with the given
materials.
Incomplete way of separating the 3
lemon juice from its seeds.
Lack of knowledge to separate the 1
lemon juice from its seeds.
28
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 5
Brief Introduction
Colloid is a special kind of mixture that contains very tiny particles that
cannot be seen by the naked eye. The tiny particles do not settle down. Instead,
they move rapidly and collide with or bump with each other known as Brownian
motion.
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to identify common
household colloids and their uses.
29
Let’s Recall
Complete the table.
Let’s Understand
Colloid is a mixture composed of particles in a dispersing medium. A
colloid is defined by the size of the particles involved. If the particles in a mixture
are on the scale of individual molecules, around 1 nanometer, it is defined as
a solution. If the particles are larger than1,000 nanometers, it is a suspension.
Anything in between is a colloid. Some common characteristics of colloids are
the following:
a. Brownian Motion
No matter how long a colloid is left undisturbed, the particles in it never
fully rest. Instead they exhibit constant zigzagging movement at the
microscopic scale.
b. Tyndall Effect
When a beam of light shines through a colloid, the suspended particles
scatter the light, making it visible as a distinct column of illumination.
30
c. Cloudy in appearance
What is a colloid?
Let’s Apply
Listed on the table are examples of colloids that we are using in our
daily living. Think of a particular activity where you can use the product/s and
write the use/s opposite each example of colloid. Study the given example.
31
Let’s Analyze
You and your mother brought the following items from the supermarket:
mayonnaise, butter, brown sugar, milk, oil, salt, detergent powder, shampoo,
canned goods, dishwashing liquid, toothpaste, vinegar, soy sauce, olive oil, and
ketchup.
Select the items that are colloids and describe their uses. Write your
answers on the table below:
Colloidal Materials Uses of Colloids
32
Let’s Evaluate
Let’s Create
A. Title
B. Materials
C. Write-up on the preparation of an edible colloid. Write also the
process involves in the preparation of edible colloid
33
POST-ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple Choice
Read the following statements carefully and encircle the letter of the best
answer.
2. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are materials that are magnetic. If you want to
separate nails from wood chips, which method of separating mixture will you
use?
a. Decantation c. Magnetic separation
b. Evaporation d. Sieving
3. A mixture is made when you combine two substances in such a way that no
new products are formed between the components. Banana con yelo is an
example of this kind of mixture. The following are the observable properties of
banana con yelo:
I. It has solid components
II. It has uniform appearance
III. It has liquid components
IV. It has no uniform appearance
34
4. There are five types of solutions and all these types are homoeineous: sugar
in water, salt in water, and juice powder in water, Coffee in water are what type
of solutions?
a. Solid in liquid c. Gas in liquid
b. Liquid in liquid d. Solid in solid
6. A bottle of alcohol, mouthwash, smog, vinegar and air are all examples of
homogeneous mixture EXCEPT one. Which material is NOT a homogeneous
mixture?
a. a bottle of alcohol b. air c. smog d. vinegar
35
9. Which of these mixtures are heterogeneous?
a. I and III b. II and III c. II and IV d. III and IV
a. b.
c. d.
12. Which mixture will use a magnet to separate components from non
magnetic components?
a. salt and rocks c. pebbles and water
b. paper clips and pieces of paper d. pepper and vinegar
13. You are eating halo-halo but you do not like to eat the beans present in it,
how will you remove the beans from your halo-halo?
a. By using a magnet c. By scooping
b. By sieving d. By decanting
36
14. Combining sugar and water will form sugar solution or syrup. How will you
separate sugar from water?
a. By continuos mixing c. By freezing the mixture
b. By heating the mixture d. By filtering sugar solution
37
Living Things
and Their
Environment
38
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
5. Which of the following sets of ideas tells that the digestive system do?
a. digest food, eat food, breaks up food.
b. digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.
c. burns calories, eliminate waste, and helps one breath
d. makes nutrients, gets food into small particles, helps swallow food.
39
6. Which three (3) body systems work together for cellular respiration to
occur?
a. Respiratory, Circulatory, Digestive
b. Respiratory, Muscular, Circulatory
c. Respiratory, Skeletal, Circulatory
d. Respiratory, Circulatory, Endocrine
7. The lungs, trachea, diaphragm are structures found in the _______ system.
a. circulatory
b. respiratory
c. digestive
d. integumentary
8. Which of these body systems inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
a. Respiratory System
b. Circulatory System
c. Digestive System
d. Musculoskeletal System
9. The __________ system transports oxygen to the body cells and pick up
carbon dioxide from the body cells to be exhaled out of the body.
a. Respiratory c. Digestive
b. Circulatory d. Musculoskeletal
40
11. What tells you what you feel when touched or hurt?
a. dermis c. nerve endings
b. brain d. pores
13. What are the nerve cells that relay signals from the central nervous
system to the other parts of the body?
a. messenger neurons. c. motor neurons.
b. sensory neurons. d. interneurons.
14. The blood vessels are muscular tubes that carry blood, sugar and oxygen
to the parts of the body. Nervous impulses cause these tubes to expand or
contract. In which body system do blood vessel belong to?
a. Nervous System c. Digestive System
b. Muscular System d. Circulatory System
15. Which body system is responsible for generating electrical impulses that
run the muscular system?
a. Circulatory System
b. Endocrine System
c. Muscular System
d. Nervous System
41
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1
Brief Introduction
The bones of the skeletal system protect the body's internal organs,
support the weight of the body, and serve as the main storage system for
calcium and phosphorus.
The muscles of the muscular system keep bones in place; they assist
with movement by contracting and pulling on the bones.
Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on each other.
42
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to identify and
describe the functions of the organs of the Musculoskeletal System.
Let’s Recall
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your answer from the
word bank. There are words may repeatedly be used as answer.
bones move
easily movement
expanding protection
joints tendons
ribs skeleton
pairs skull
43
Let’s Understand
PARTS FUNCTIONS
PARTS FUNCTIONS
Soft Tissue Structure
bond of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to the
Tendons
bone
bond of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to the
Ligament
bone
Synovial lines the synovial cavity, secretes synovial fluid that lubricates
membrane the joint
dense fibrous connective tissue that encloses and protects the
Joint capsule
joint
Additional hard tissue
44
Study how muscles work!
Muscles that move your bones work in pairs.When one contracts, the
other must relax. For example, your biceps must relax and lengthen when your
triceps contract and shorten.
Let’s Apply
Explain how the boys playing basketball use their musculoskeletal system.
Write your explanation on the space provided below.
___
45
Let’s Analyze
Fill in the missing spaces with the organ or function of the musculoskeletal
system.
PARTS FUNCTION
Bones -
- produce movements, body support
stability, body heat production
Cartilage -
Tendons -
- bond of fibrous connective tissue
that connects bone to bone
Joints -
Let’s Evaluate
Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
46
3. Cartilage serves as a cushion to joints. Which of the following is/are the
function/s of cartilage?
I. soft
II. gel-like padding
III. prevents movement
IV. connects muscles to bones
a. I and II b. II and III c. I and IV d. III and IV
47
Let’s Create
Bones Muscles
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
Tendons Ligaments
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
48
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2
Brief Introduction
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to describe how the
organs of the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems work together.
Let’s Recall
A. Label the parts of the human digestive system. Choose your answer from
the word bank found below.
WORD BANK
Mouth Stomach
Rectum Anus
Bile Pancreas
49
B. Circle which organs are involved in Respiratory System.
50
C. Match the description in column A with the parts of the Circulatory system
in column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. pumps blood all throughout the body.
a. arteries
_____2. receiving chambers of the heart.
b. ventricles
_____3. pumping chambers of the heart
c. atria
_____4. largest artery which distribute
d. aorta
oxygenated blood to the different parts of the
e. blood vessel
body
f. septum
_____5. tubes where blood pass through
Let’s Understand
51
Try this:
Try this:
Breathing is just the mechanical getting of air in and out of the lungs and
Respiration includes the reaction of oxygen with the glucose provided with the
food that we eat, which do you think is needed in gas exchange which gets
oxygen from the air into the blood and remove carbon dioxide?
52
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Responsible for bringing in oxygen and
ridding our bodies of carbon dioxide
Lungs, diaphragm and windpipe
Oxygenates our entire body
c. When the cells have both oxygen and glucose they can respire to
release energy, producing water and carbon dioxide (the CO2 is carried
through the circulatory system to the lungs where it is removed through the
respiratory system.
53
Try this:
How can the circulatory system deliver the oxygen and nutrients
absorbed by the body?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Let’s Apply
Why do we eat food? If you are hungry how you do feel? Have you
ever wondered what happened to the food you have just eaten? What
processes it undergoes until it becomes the nutrients that will nourish your
body?
Chain of Events: Think of one food item that you enjoy eating. Using the
diagram below, describe the chain of events that happens during the
digestion of your favorite food.
54
Let’s Analyze
Digestive System
_______________
_______________
_______________
Respiratory _______________
_______________ Circulatory
System _______________ System
________________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _______________ _______________
________________ _____ _______________
________________ _______________
________________ _______________
________________ _______________
________________ _______________
Body System
are working
together
55
Evaluate
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your answer from the word
bank below.
WORD BANK
circulatory system
distribute
eliminates
musculoskeletal system
digestive system
working
removes
nervous system
respiratory system
56
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3
Brief Introduction
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to describe how the
nervous and integumentary systems work together.
Let’s Recall
Skin is more than a fleshy surface for pimples, tattoos and wrinkles. Skin
is the body's largest organ, and along with hair, nails, glands and nerves, is
part of the integumentary system.
57
Integumentary – Structures
Skin – mostly dead and made up of
layers
Epidermis
Dermis
Fat Layer
Hair – helps keep you warm
Nails – give structures to the ends of
your fingers
Glands – release oils for moisture
and protection
Nerves – send and receive
messages to the brain
1. K S I N - ______- __________________________________________
2. A H R I-_______- __________________________________________
3. I A N L S-______- __________________________________________
4. G N L D S A-________-______________________________________
5. E N R V S E- _______-______________________________________
B. Name the numbered parts of the nervous system on the image below.
The nervous system has two great divisions: the central nervous system
(CNS), which consists of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral
58
gray matter called ganglia. The brain sends messages via the spinal cord to
the body's peripheral nerves, which control the muscles and internal organs.
Name My Parts
Name the numbered parts of the nervous system
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Let’s Understand
59
We feel sensation of pain, pressure, temperature changes, etc because
of association of nervous system with integumentary system.
The nervous system consists of the nerves, spinal cord and the brain,
which work together as the control system of the body.
-The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system, which
processes all incoming and outgoing messages in the body.
-The sensory nerves gather information from the environment that they send
to the central nervous system.
-The motor nerves transmit impulses from the brain to the muscles and glands
of the body for proper reaction/action.
60
Let’s Apply
Using this illustration, make your own flow diagram to demonstrate how
your nervous system coordinates your ability to drink when you are thirsty, it
happens because receptors in the skin send sensory information to the brain
and from the brain to the muscles and hand. Use the diagram found below.
Neurone:
Electrical impulse
61
• ________________________________________________________________________________________
• _
mouth
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________
• _
• ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Brain
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________
• _
Muscles in the • ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s Analyze
Your skin plays a vital role in your body as regards the sense of touch.
The nervous system depends on neurons embedded in your skin to sense the
outside world. It processes input from your senses, including touch, and
initiates actions based on those inputs.
62
Study the illustration. Sequence these correctly according to their occurrence.
Use numbers 1-5.
63
Let’s Evaluate: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
b. brain d. pores
4. What are the nerve cells that relay signals from the central nervous system
5. What tells you whether you are feeling hot, cold or in pain?
a. nerves/neurons c. brain
64
Let’s Create
Using the illustration below, think of another situation where the nervous
system coordinate and with the integumentary system, explain your answer in
3-5 sentences. Write your answer on the space provided below.
65
Write your answer here:
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Rubrics:
66
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 4
Brief Introduction
If you think of the brain as a central computer that controls all bodily
functions, then the nervous system is like a network that relays messages back
and forth from the brain to different parts of the body. It does this via the spinal
cord, which runs from the brain down through the back and contains threadlike
nerves that branch out to every organ and body part.
The basic functioning of the nervous system depends a lot on tiny cells
called neurons. The brain has billions of them, and they have many specialized
jobs. For example, sensory neurons take information from the eyes, ears, nose,
tongue, and skin to the brain. Motor neurons carry messages away from the
brain and back to the rest of the body. All neurons, however, relay information
to each other through a complex electrochemical process, making connections
that affect the way we think, learn, move, and behave.
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to describe how the
nervous controls all the organ systems of the body.
67
Let’s Recall
Fill in the blanks with the correct parts of the nervous system. Use the
information given above.
1 _________receives information through the sense organ.
2 _________relays the impulse to the brain
3 _________receives, interprets the impulse and sends signals to the motor
neuron.
4 _________transmit the impulse to the muscles for proper action.
68
Let’s Understand
The nervous system consists of the nerves, spinal cord and the
brain, which work together as the control system of the body.
69
How the Nervous System Interacts with Other Body System
All of the systems within the body interact with one another to keep an
organism healthy. Although each system has specific functions, they are all
interconnected and dependent on one another. The nervous system controls
various organs of the body directly. The brain also receives information from
many organs of the body and adjusts signals to these organs to maintain
proper functioning.
SYSTEM INTERACTION WITH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Bones provide calcium that is essential for the proper
Skeletal System functioning of the nervous system.
The skull protects the brain from injury.
The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury.
Sensory receptors in joints between bones send signals
about body position to the brain.
The brain regulates the position of bones by controlling
muscles.
Muscular
System Receptors in muscles provide the brain with
information about body position and movement.
The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food
moves through the digestive tract.
70
Lymphatic
System
The brain can stimulate defense mechanisms against
infection.
Respiratory
System The brain monitors respiratory volume and blood gas
levels.
The brain regulates respiratory rate.
Urinary System
Integumentary
System Receptors in skin send sensory information to the
brain.
The autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral
blood flow and sweat glands.
Nerves control muscles connected to hair follicles.
71
Guided by the table above which describes the connection of the
nervous system with other body systems. Complete this diagram showing the
relationship of the nervous system with other body systems such as the
Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal System. Write your
answer on the space provided.
Musculoskeletal System
______________________________
______________________________
Respiratory System
______________________________
_____________________________
Digestive System
_____________________________
_____________________________
Circulatory System
______________________________
_____________________________
Nervous System
72
Let’s Apply
Think of a situation in your daily life when your nervous system worked
to keep you safe from harm. Use the given information above to cite how your
body responded. Write your answer in paragraph form.
73
Rubrics:
Let’s Analyze
The nervous system consists of the nerves, spinal cord and the brain,
which work together as the control system of the body.
-The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system, which
processes all incoming and outgoing messages in the body.
-The sensory nerves gather information from the environment that they send to
the central nervous system.
-The motor nerves transmit impulses from the brain to the muscles and glands
of the body for proper reaction/action.
How does a message reach the brain and how does the brain react to it?
74
Fill in the blank boxes with the correct word or phrase to complete the concept
map.
Nervous System
The control system of the body
Spinal Cord
75
Let’s Evaluate
The human body has at least eleven organ systems and each has a
clear function that aids the body to work, as it should be. Do you have a clear
understanding of which organs belong to which system and their functions?
Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
3. The function of the _________ system is to break down food and convert it
to energy for the body.
a. circulatory c. nervous
b. digestive d. respiratory
4. The blood vessels are muscular tubes that carry blood, sugar and oxygen to
the parts of the body. Nervous impulses cause these tubes to expand or
contract. Which body system do the blood vessels belong?
a. Cardiovascular System c. Muscular System
b. Nervous System d. Digestive System
76
5. Which body system is responsible for generating electrical impulses that run
the muscular system?
a. Muscular System c. Circulatory System
b. Nervous System d. Endocrine System
Let’s Create
When a message comes into the brain from anywhere in the body, the
brain tells the body how to react. For example, if you accidentally touch a hot
stove, the nerves in your skin shoot a message of pain to your brain. The brain
then sends a message back telling the muscles in your hand to pull away.
Write in correct sequence the steps on how your nerves, spinal cord and
brain work together to react and respond to a hot object which you have
accidentally touched.
1.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
77
Rubrics:
78
POST-ASSESSMENT
Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
5. Which of the following sets of ideas tells that the digestive system do?
a. digest food, eat food, breaks up food.
b. digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.
c. burns calories, eliminate waste, and helps one breath
d. makes nutrients, gets food into small particles, helps swallow food.
79
6. Which three (3) body systems work together for cellular respiration to
occur?
a. Respiratory, Circulatory, Digestive
b. Respiratory, Muscular, Circulatory
c. Respiratory, Skeletal, Circulatory
d. Respiratory, Circulatory, Endocrine
7. The lungs, trachea, diaphragm are structures found in the _______ system.
a. circulatory
b. respiratory
c. digestive
d. integumentary
8. Which of these body systems inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
a. Respiratory System
b. Circulatory System
c. Digestive System
d. Musculoskeletal System
9. The __________ system transports oxygen to the body cells and pick up
carbon dioxide from the body cells to be exhaled out of the body.
a. Respiratory c. Digestive
b. Circulatory d. Musculoskeletal
80
11. What tells you what you feel when touched or hurt?
a. dermis c. nerve endings
b. brain d. pores
13. What are the nerve cells that relay signals from the central nervous
system to the other parts of the body?
a. messenger neurons. c. motor neurons.
b. sensory neurons. d. interneurons.
14. The blood vessels are muscular tubes that carry blood, sugar and oxygen
to the parts of the body. Nervous impulses cause these tubes to expand or
contract. In which body system do blood vessel belong to?
a. Nervous System c. Digestive System
b. Muscular System d. Circulatory System
15. Which body system is responsible for generating electrical impulses that
run the muscular system?
a. Circulatory System
b. Endocrine System
c. Muscular System
d. Nervous System
81
Force, Motion,
and Energy
82
PRE-ASSESSMENT
A B C D
4. Fluid friction occurs in water. Which of these water activities shows fluid
friction?
I. In a swimmer swimming in water
II. In a boat traveling in water
III. In an airplane traveling in air
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I only
83
8. What form of energy is needed to run a washing machine?
A. Sound energy C. Electrical energy
B. mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
9. What form of energy is produced by turning and moving objects?
A. Sound energy C. Light energy
B. Mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
10. Which form of energy travels through empty space and radiates in all
directions?
A. Sound energy C. Light energy
B. mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
11. LRT and MRT are run by electricity. What are the energy transformations
does these trains shows?
I. Electrical to mechanical II. Electrical to light
III. Electrical to sound IV. Electrical to chemical
A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. I,II,III, and IV
A. B. C. D.
13. How does the chemical energy of the gasoline in the engine of the car
transform into mechanical energy?
I. when gasoline is combine with oxygen
II. When gasoline and oxygen is heated
III. when combined gasoline and oxygen is compressed and burn
A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. II, and III
84
15. Which characteristics best describe a simple machine knife?
I has sloping surface III. has thick base
II. has fulcrum or pivot point IV. has sharp edge
A. I and II B. II and IV C. III and IV D. I and III
16. What simple machine is a see saw? Please refer to the illustration below.
17. To which characteristics does pulley and wheel & axle similar?
I. with wheel III. with axle
II. with central shaft IV. with fulcrum
A. I and II B. II and IV C. III and IV D. I and III
20. What simple machine help people put two things together faster and
easier?
A. Inclined plane B. Lever C. Screw D. Wedge
85
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1
Brief Introduction
Life would be impossible without friction. We used friction in most of our
activities. You would be able to walk without slipping and falling with the help
of friction. Friction affects different objects, too. Without friction, you would not
be able to write because your pencil would slip off the surface of your paper
you are writing on.
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to define and describe
friction.
Learning Competencies to be developed:
Infer how friction and gravity affect movements of different objects.
(S6FE-IIIa-c-1)
Let’s Recall
Unlock the hidden magic word. Take the underlined letters in each picture and
place it in each box provided below.
86
Let’s Understand
87
Let’s Apply
Given the following illustrations, look for the friction that exist in each by
choosing the correct letter of description in the box
A. Friction occurs between the tires and the road.
furniture.
4. _________________ 5. _________________
88
Let’s Analyze
Point A Point B
given A. plank of wood and B. floor mat as flat forms of carrying the sack of
rice, which of these two materials will help the man bring the 5 sacks of rice in
an easier manner? Why?
Let’s Evaluate
A B C D
89
3. What friction occur on objects that roll over a surface?
A. Fluid friction B. Rolling friction C. Sliding friction D. Static friction
4. Fluid friction occurs in water. Which of these water activities shows fluid
friction?
I. In a swimmer swimming in water II. In a boat traveling in water
III. In an airplane traveling in air
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I only
90
Let’s Create
Create a poster to encourage people/car owners to strictly observed Road Safety
91
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2
Brief Introduction
You have learned that energy is the ability to do work. Work and energy
are closely related. When work is done on an object, energy is transferred to
that object. Energy is present everywhere. It is needed by organisms like us,
and machines to work. Light from the sun is the major source of energy in our
solar system because without it, Earth would have no life. Energy can be
transferred from one form to another to become useful.
Objectives
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to identify forms of
energy (sound, light, electrical, thermal or heat, mechanical, and chemical)
Let’s Recall
The sun is the main source of energy on earth. Find out from the group of
words inside the box what sun can do and write it on the blank provided below.
1. for food production 4. for solar energy
2. for drying of clothes 5. for evaporation
3. for plant growth 6. for cooking food
92
Let’s Understand
Energy exist in different forms. The different forms of energy include
mechanical, electrical, radiant or light, sound, chemical, thermal or heat, and
nuclear energy. Find out the different forms of energy in different objects.
93
Radiant or light energy is a form of energy that travels through empty
space. Radiant energy radiates in all directions Radiant energy may be in form
of light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, infrared radiation, radio waves, microwaves,
and radar.
94
Thermal or heat energy is a form of energy in everybody due to the
motion of molecules. The sun and the heat from volcano are examples of
thermal energy. Matter is made up of molecules that are moving. The source
of energy for this movement of these molecules is thermal energy. Heat flows
from a warmer object to a cooler object. It moves through conduction, radiation,
and convection.
Let’s Apply
Identify the form of energy being describe in each activities and
situations. Choose you answer from the words inside the box and write it in
the blank provided in each number.
Mechanical energy Chemical energy
Radiant or light energy Electrical energy
Thermal or heat energy Sound energy
_________________1. Receive from the sun that help us dry our clothes
_________________2. Produces when you plucked the string of a guitar
_________________3. Needed to see things around us at night
_________________4. Keeping an electric fan working
_________________5. Keeping a bicycle moving.
_________________6. Making sewing machine works
95
_________________7. Cooking food in the microwave oven
_________________8. Grilling barbecue
_________________9. Stored in firewood and gasoline
________________10. Plug in and turn on a radio
Let’s Analyze
96
Let’s Evaluate
2. Which form of energy that travels through empty space and radiates in all
directions?
A. Sound energy C. Light energy
B. mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
97
Let’s Create
Create a pinwheel of your own design using a paper and other
materials available at home.
Neatness Design is neat and Design is neat but Design is not Did not
well put together. not well put neat and has accomplish
Has no damages together. Has little creases. design.
or creases. damages or
creases.
Shape Used all 8 paper Used all 8 paper Did not use all 8 Did not
squares of the squares of the paper squares complete
same size to same size to of the same design.
produce design. produce design. size to produce Shape is not
Folds are formed Folds are formed a design. Folds an octagon
accurately and little inaccurately are formed
design is and design is inaccurately
consistent. partially consistent. and design is
not consistent.
98
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3
Brief Introduction
The world population relies on energy of all forms. Energy appears in
different forms: heat, light, sound, and electricity. It can flow from one place to
another and it can be transformed from one form to another. Every day of
your life, you experience multiple energy transformations. For everything,
energy transformation is always involved.
Objective:
At the end of this activity, learners should be able to describe how
energy is transformed from one form to another.
Let’s Recall
A. Identify the form of energy used in the following. Choose you answer from
the word bank below and write it on the blank before each number.
Word Bank
______________1. drying of clothes Heat energy
______________2. boiling of water Light energy
______________3. reading books at night Sound energy
______________4. listening to music Mechanical energy
______________5. running a washing Electrical energy
machine Chemical energy
Radiant energy
99
B. Label the illustration below.
Transformation of energy.
Let’s Understand
100
Energy transformation occurs in some objects that we used. When you
lighted a candle, the chemical energy of the candle is changed into light energy,
and at the same time, heat is produced.
It is also similar to your toy car. Your toy car works because of the battery
in it. As you turn on your toy car, the chemical energy causes the machine to
move. This chemical energy is changed into mechanical energy.
When you pluck the string of a guitar, the string vibrates, and sound is
produced. The mechanical energy possessed by the vibrating string is changed
to sound energy when you strum the guitar.
101
When you switch on the flashlight, the chemical energy stored in batteries
is converted into light and heat. Most of the energy is converted to light. Only
small percentage of the original energy in the battery is converted into heat.
Let’s Apply
Below is a jumbled illustration of how electricity reached our homes.
Label each figure from 1 (as the beginning of the transformation) to 5 (as the
end of the energy transformation).
________________________ ________________________
102
Let’s Analyze
Answer the following questions briefly. Refer your answer from the
illustrations below.
A B
A.
B.
103
Let’s Evaluate
Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. What energy transformation does a lighted fluorescent lamp produced?
A. chemical to light energy transformation
B. electrical to light energy transformation
C. heat to light energy transformation
D. mechanical to light energy transformation
3. LRT and MRT are run by electricity. What are the energy transformations
does these trains shows?
I. Electrical to mechanical II. Electrical to light
III. Electrical to sound IV. Electrical to chemical
A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. I,II,III, and IV
A. B. C. D.
104
5. How does the chemical energy of the gasoline in the engine of the car
transform into mechanical energy?
I. when gasoline is combine with oxygen
II. When gasoline and oxygen is heated
III. when combined gasoline and oxygen is compressed and burn
A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. II, and III
Let’s Create
We have a very large amount of heat coming from the sun. Can you develop
an instrument similar to a solar panel to utilize sun’s energy? The table below
shows how you will be rated in the material that you will create/develop.
Rubrics:
Criteria Excellent Very satisfactory Satisfactory Poor
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Presence of All information All information Information Information
required about the about the about the about the
information instrument are instrument are instrument instrument
present and present are complete are missing
demonstrated a but brief
detailed
explanation
Quality of Instrument is Instrument is Instrument is Instrument
work creative, useful useful and easy easy to is not useful
and easy to to develop develop at all
develop
Creativity Instrument is Instrument is Instrument is Instrument
interesting, engaging and visually is not
engaging and visually stimulating appealing
visually stimulating
stimulating
105
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 4
Brief Introduction
When you want to cut paper, open a bottle, or slice a piece of fruit,
what particular instrument will you use to perform each task? How do these
different materials you use help you? When you cut a paper, you use
scissors. When you want to slice fruit or vegetable, use knife. Everybody uses
machines every day. Schools, industries, and businesses use machines.
Clinic, hospitals, and laboratories use machines to serve people. It is difficult
working without machines. Machines, whether powered by engines or people,
make working on tasks faster and easier.
Objective:
106
Let’s Recall
Identify the machines below and write the name of this inside the box.
Ax Ramp
__________________ __________________
Let’s Understand
107
Simple Machines
Inclined Plane
108
Let’s Apply
Match the items in column A with the kinds of machine they represent in
column B. Write the letter of the correct answer before the number.
A B
_________ 1. Ramp a. pulley
_________ 2. Knife b. inclined plane
_________ 3. Wheelbarrow c. wedge
_________ 4. Bicycle gears d. wheel and axle
_________ 5. Flagpole e. lever
Let’s Analyze
Let’s Evaluate
109
3. What simple machine is a see saw?
Let’s Create
You want to increase the speed of the bucket used for getting water in
the well. What will you do? Create a design using the different simple machines.
Illustrate your design.
110
Criteria Excellent Very satisfactory Satisfactory Poor
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Creativity The artwork shows The artwork The artwork The artwork
a challenging level shows a shows a basic shows very
of creation and satisfactory level level of attention little attention
productivity as well of creation and to creation, to creation,
as outstanding productivity as productivity, and productivity,
problem solving well as logical problem solving and problem
capabilities. problem solving capabilities. solving
capabilities. capabilities.
Information The artwork is The artwork has The artwork has The artwork
described properly most of the some of the does not have
with all the labels labeling done labeling done. labeling done.
properly.
111
POST-ASSESSMENT
A B C D
4. Fluid friction occurs in water. Which of these water activities shows fluid
friction?
I. In a swimmer swimming in water
II. In a boat traveling in water
III. In an airplane traveling in air
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I only
112
8. What form of energy is needed to run a washing machine?
A. Sound energy C. Electrical energy
B. mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
9. What form of energy is produced by turning and moving objects?
A. Sound energy C. Light energy
B. Mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
10. Which form of energy travels through empty space and radiates in all
directions?
A. Sound energy C. Light energy
B. mechanical energy D. Chemical energy
11. LRT and MRT are run by electricity. What are the energy transformations
does these trains shows?
I. Electrical to mechanical II. Electrical to light
III. Electrical to sound IV. Electrical to chemical
A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. I,II,III, and IV
A. B. C. D.
13. How does the chemical energy of the gasoline in the engine of the car
transform into mechanical energy?
I. when gasoline is combine with oxygen
II. When gasoline and oxygen is heated
III. when combined gasoline and oxygen is compressed and burn
A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. II, and III
113
15. Which characteristics best describe a simple machine knife?
I has sloping surface III. has thick base
II. has fulcrum or pivot point IV. has sharp edge
A. I and II B. II and IV C. III and IV D. I and III
16. What simple machine is a see saw? Please refer to the illustration below.
17. To which characteristics does pulley and wheel & axle similar?
I. with wheel III. with axle
II. with central shaft IV. with fulcrum
A. I and II B. II and IV C. III and IV D. I and III
20. What simple machine help people put two things together faster and
easier?
A. Inclined plane B. Lever C. Screw D. Wedge
114
Earth and
Space
115
PRE – TEST
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. What causes day and night?
A. Orbit of Earth C. Revolution of Earth
B. Rotation of Earth D. The inclination of Earth
2. How long does it take for the Earth to rotate around the sun?
A. 365 days B. 365.5 days C. 365 ¼ days D. 365 ¾ days
3. When the Northern Hemisphere is pointing towards the sun, what is the
season in the Southern Hemisphere?
A. Winter B. Spring C. Summer D. Fall
116
9. What instrument is used to study earthquake?
A. Barometer B. Seismograph C. Thermometer D.
Anemometer
12. All of the following will improve safety factors during an earthquake
except:
A. Study an area’s earthquake history
B. Take heavy objects down from high places
C. Stand next to a glass window
D. Make sure heavy objects are held securely in place
14. Which of the following is the cause of earthquake - related deaths and
injuries?
A. Tsunami C. Ground Rupture
B. Liquefaction D. Damage to buildings or other structures
15. Which of the following is the best way to protect yourself during an
earthquake?
A. Run as fast as you can C. Go into the basement
B. Drop, cover, and hold D. Stand under a tree
117
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1
Brief Introduction
Earthquake happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past
one another. There are two types of earthquakes. Tectonic and volcanic
earthquake. Tectonic earthquakes occur because large blocks of the Earth’s
crust move suddenly and violently along a fault. Volcanic earthquakes are
caused by the movement of molten material or by gas pressure inside a
volcano.
The location below the earth’s surface where the movement starts is
called Focus or Hypocenter. The location directly above the focus is called
the Epicenter. Earthquake has Aftershocks. These are smaller earthquakes
that happen in the same place after the main shock.
118
Let’s Recall
Identify the term each statement describes. Choose your answer from
the words given inside the box.
D. Tectonic E. Epicenter
Let’s Understand
119
Effects of Earthquake
120
Large sea waves or series of
waves that can be
generated by an
Tsunami earthquake. Large tsunami
can completely devastate
low-lying coastal areas.
Source: uwiseismic.com
This takes place when
loosely packed, water
logged- sediments at or near
the ground surface lose their
Liquefaction strength in response to
strong ground shaking.
Source:
https://www.usgs.gov
Let’s Apply
Effect:_______________________
____________________________
Description: _________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
source: https://www.conserve-energy-future.com
121
Effect:_______________________
____________________________
Description: _________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
source: uwiseismic.com
Effect:_______________________
____________________________
Description: _________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
source: https://www.usgs.gov
Effect:_______________________
____________________________
Description: _________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
source: https://www.google.com
122
Effect:_______________________
____________________________
Description: _________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
source: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles
Let’s Analyze
Below is a picture of a barangay. Analyze and encircle the things that could
move, fall, break or cause a fire and damage during an earthquake.
123
Let’s Evaluate
Identify the term each statement describes. Choose your answer from
the words given inside the box.
124
Let’s Create
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/263108/global-death-toll-due-to-earthquakes-since-2000/
125
Scoring Key
Category 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point
Title clearly Title relates Title is No title
relates to the to the presented. presented.
Title information being information
graphed. being
graphed.
Labels are neat, Labels are The labels Labels are
clear, and clear and are present, not
Labels accurately describe the but did not present.
describe the information describe the
information presented. information.
presented.
Exceptionally well Neat and Lines are Appears
designed, neat, relatively neatly drawn messy.
Neatness and attractive. attractive. but the graph Lines are
appears quite crooked.
plain.
126
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2
Brief Introduction
Our country is susceptible to different disaster such as earthquake.
Therefore, it is a must for us to prepare and ensure our safety. There are
several things we can do before, during, and after an earthquake. These
include the following:
Before an Earthquake
It is essential for individuals, families, organizations,
and communities to know their risk, make a plan, create a
disaster kit, and remove, relocate, or secure anything that may
drop and hurt someone, tumble and block an exit, fall and
start a fire.
During an Earthquake
DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting
under a tough table or other piece of furniture; and
HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there isn’t a table
or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and bend in an
inside corner of the building. Do not run out of the building during the shaking
as objects may fall off and may cause serious damages or death.
After an Earthquake
Safely vacate the area. Be reminded that aftershocks
could happen. These additional shaking events can be strong
enough to do additional damage to already weakened
structures and can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or
even months after the main earthquake.
127
For more information, read and analyse the poster below.
Source: https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov
128
Let’s Recall
Read the statements carefully then write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE, if the statement is wrong.
Let’s Understand:
I Am Ready
Have you heard the advertisement in the television “I am ready”?
Are you ready? If yes, what preparations are you doing? Here are some tips
you may consider:
Everyone should have personal disaster supplies kits. Keep them where
you spend most of your time, so they can be easily reached even if your building
is heavily damaged. Keep one kit in your home, another in your car, and a third
kit at work. Backpacks or other small bags are best for your disaster supplies
kits so you can take them with you if you evacuate.
Electrical, water, transportation, and other vital systems can be
disrupted for several days or much longer in some places after a large
earthquake. Emergency response agencies and hospitals could be
overwhelmed and unable to provide you with immediate assistance. Providing
first aid and having supplies will save lives, will make life more comfortable, and
will help you cope after the next earthquake.
Use and replace perishable items like water, food, medications and
batteries on a yearly basis.
129
Do a regular earthquake Drop, Cover, and Hold drills. Practice your plan
with anyone who may surround you, or be taking care of things for you, in
the event of an earthquake, such as family, friends, sitters, and neighbors.
Let’s Apply :
Prepare an emergency kit for the whole family. Decide what items
should be in your emergency kit and be ready to present this in the class. The
scoring key below will be used in assessing your kit.
Scoring Key
The kit is The kit is done The kit is slightly The kit is not
organized and well with some organized and organized and
properly organization with missing no labels at all.
Neatness labeled. and labeling. labels.
Let’s Analyze
WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Answer the following questions.
1. List the things you need to have in your disaster supplies kit.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
130
2. List your family meeting places.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. Write five things you need to do before an earthquake.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. Write five things you need to do during an earthquake.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. Write five things you need to do after an earthquake.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Let’s Evaluate
Below are the things you need to do in case of an earthquake. Check (√) the
corresponding column if the statement tells you to do it before, during, or after
an earthquake.
131
Prepare for aftershocks
Make a plan
Keep heavy objects on the lower
shelves so they do not tumble.
Stay away from damaged places or
structures
Stay away from buildings, streetlights,
and power posts.
Let’s Create
132
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3
Brief Introduction
Motions of the Earth
The Earth is in constant motion, but it is somewhat difficult to detect such
movement. When riding in a car, one is in motion. One can see trees, buildings,
posts, or other fixed objects when moving. But there is no fixed reference point
or objects by which to detect the movement of the Earth. In the ancient time,
people thought the Earth was motionless.
Basically, the motion of the Earth can be classified into two ways:
Rotation and Revolution.
Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis. The Earth’s axis is an
imaginary line that runs through Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole.
The Earth completes one rotation every 24 hours.
Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the Sun. The path
followed by the Earth around the Sun is called orbit. Earth completes one orbit
in on year or 365 days and about 6 hours. This six hour is responsible for our
leap year every four years.
133
Let’s Recall
Match the definition in column A with the correct term in column B.
Column A Column B
1. The motion of the Earth around the Sun. A. Rotation
2. The movement of the Earth around its axis. B. Revolution
3. The path followed by the Earth around the Sun. C. 24 hours
4. One complete rotation of the Earth. D. Orbit
5. The shape of the Earth E. Oblate Spheroid
Let’s Understand
Rotation of the Earth
The movement of the Earth on its axis causes day and night. As the
Earth rotates, only one-half of the Earth faces the Sun at any given time. The
figure 1 shows the half facing the Sun (represented by arrows) is daytime and
the other half facing away from the Sun is nighttime.
Tropic of Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
134
Revolution of the Earth
Aside from rotation, the Earth also travels around the Sun in a path
called orbit. The Earth’s orbit is not a perfect circle, it is slightly elliptical. The
time it takes for the Earth to complete one trip around the Sun is called period
of revolution.
Explain:
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
135
Draw a diagram of a revolving earth around the sun in this
box and use arrow to represent the direction of its movement.
Let’s Analyze
Discussion Questions
1. Explain why it can be dark in Philippines and daytime in New York City
at the same point in time. Use the terms rotation, Sun, and Earth.
136
Let’s Evaluate
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Which statement about Earth's rotation and its revolution is correct?
A. It takes Earth longer to rotate on its axis than revolve around the Sun.
B. It takes Earth longer revolve around the Sun than to rotate on its axis.
C. It takes Earth longer to rotate around the Sun than revolve on its axis.
D. It takes Earth longer revolve around the Sun than to revolve on its axis.
2. What causes the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky during the
day on Earth?
A. Location of Earth in space
B. Rotation of Earth on its axis
C. Revolution of Earth in its orbit
D. Objects are moving around the Earth.
3. How long does it take for Earth to rotate once on its axis?
A. 1 day
B. 1 year
C. 1 week
D. 1 month
4. Which best describes why Earth has day and night?
A. Earth rotates on an axis
B. The moon rotates on an axis
C. Earth revolves around the Sun
D. Earth revolves around the Sun
5. The Earth is tilted _____ degrees from the right –angled position.
A. 21 ½
B. 22 ½
C. 23 ½
D. 24
Let’s Create
137
Complete the table below
Rotation Revolution
Drawing
Time to
complete the
motion
Effect
138
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 4
Brief Introduction
139
Let’s Recall
Explain why seasons occur.
Let’s Understand
Earth’s Seasons
Study the figure given below. It shows the spot of the Earth at
four different positions in its orbit. On June 21or 22, the Earth passes
through a point in its orbit known as the summer solstice. The Northern
hemisphere is tilted directly toward the Sun. At the same time, the Sun
appears overhead at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 0N). It is the first day of
summer in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere is
tilted directly away from the Sun at this time, it is the first day of winter
there.
March 21
Sun over equator
(spring begins in northern hemisphere)
Tropic of Cancer
June 21
Sun over Tropic of Capricorn
T. of Cancer
Dec 21
Sun over
T. of Capricorn
Sept 21
Sun over equator
(autumn begins in northern hemisphere)
Figure 1 – The Earth at different positions showing the different seasons
140
During summer, the Northern Hemisphere receives a maximum
energy from the Sun. The Sun appears high in the sky and takes a long
time to cross the sky from sunrise to sunset each day. Thus, at this
time of the year, daytime is longer and temperature is warm.
As the earth moves from the summer solstice, the Sun appears
lower in the sky each day and periods of daylight are shorter. On
December 21 or 22, the earth reaches the winter solstice. At this time,
the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, and the Sun
appears over the Tropic of Capricorn (23.50S).
During winter, the Sun appears low in the sky and takes only a
few hours to cross the sky. The Northern Hemisphere receives the
smallest energy from the Sun. Thus, daytime is short and temperature
is cold.
141
Let’s Apply
Label the diagram below based on how you understand the reasons for
the occurrence of seasons and include the following:
A. The name of each season
B. The date each season begins
C. The Earth’s axis, showing the tilt
D. Arrows to show the movement of the Earth around the Sun
Let’s Analyze
C
A
142
Position Season Description
D
Let’s Evaluate
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
A B
C D
143
2. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, the Southern
Hemisphere is experiencing _______________
A. Autumn B. Summer C. Winter D. Spring
3. It is a time of a year when the length of daytime and nighttime is equal.
A. Winter solstice B. Summer solstice C. Equinox D. Axis
Let’s Create
In the table below, draw the position of the Earth’s axis when it is
summer and winter in the Northern Hemisphere. (Note: Use arrows to
show the sunlight).
Summer Winter
144
POST TEST
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. What type of earthquake is caused by the movement of magma beneath
volcanoes or by eruption?
A. Tectonic B. Volcanic C. Seismology D. Focus
2. How long does it take for the Earth to go once around its axis?
A. 12 hours B. 24 hours C. 36 hours D. 48
hours
4. Which term describes the movement of the Earth around the sun?
A. Rotation B. Revolution C. Spinning D. Precession
5. Based on the given diagram below, in which position do you think Earth’s
Northern Hemisphere is experiencing winter season?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
6. Which of the following best describes why the Earth has four seasons?
A. The 23.5 0 tilt of the Earth and its rotation
B. The 23.5 0 tilt of the Earth and its revolution
C. The sun shines directly onto the equator all year long
D. The sun is closer to the Earth during summer and farther away during
winter.
145
7. Which of the following is the best evidence to prove that the Earth spins
on its axis?
A. The occurrence of seasons
B. The occurrence of day and night
C. Changing phases of the moon
D. Changing constellations throughout the year.
11. What is one of the most important actions to take before an earthquake?
A. Move to higher ground.
B. Cover, duck, and hold
C. Locate safe spots in each room
D. Place heavy items in high places
146
12. What is the meaning of PHILVOLCS?
A. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
B. Philippine Institute for Volcanology and Seismology
C. Philippine Institute to Volcanology and Seismology
D. Philippine Institution of Volcanology and Seismology
13. Which term best describes about the location of the source of an
earthquake?
A. Epicenter B. Focus C. Fault D.
Intensity
147
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
HON. EDWIN L. OLIVAREZ
City Mayor
CONSULTANTS
MARIA MAGDALENA M. LIM, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
ARLYN M. BRIGOLA,Ph.D.
Education Program Supervisor, ESP
GLENN O. DUCTA
Education Program Supervisor, MAPEH
EMERSON O. SABADLAB
Education Program Specialist for ALS
148
Illustrators
RALPH C. APOSTOL
MERVIN N. MEUDE
JHOMAR D. TAPEL
JENNIFER O. TURINGAN
ERICSON YOUNG VILLASOTO
Layout Artists
JORIZ O. MALASA
LORENA G. MANGUNE
RANILO M. PEREZ JR.
PILITA SANTOS
JERLITO M. TAYLO
RHENZ NORIEL T. YEE
149
150