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Analysis of Piled Raft of Shanghai Tower in Shanghai by The Program ELPLA
Analysis of Piled Raft of Shanghai Tower in Shanghai by The Program ELPLA
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Case study 8
M. El Gendy
A. El Gendy
O. El Gendy
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22-11-2018
C8-1
Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
Content
Page
C8-2
Case study 8
The tower has a 5-storey basement, and its foundation depth is 31.4 [m]. The thickness of the
raft under the tower is 6 [m] and the area of the raft is 8945 [m2]. The raft of Shanghai tower is
supported by 955 bored piles with a diameter 1.0 [m]. The spacing between the piles is 3 [m] and
the piles are distributed in different foundation arrangements where the entire raft area is divided
into four sub areas A, B, C and D as shown in Figure 8-2. The length of the pile in area A is 56
[m], while the length of the pile in other zones is 52 [m].
Extensive studies with different calculation methods were carried out by Sun etc. al. (2011),
Xiao etc. Al. (2011), Tang and Zhao (2014), (2014), Su etc. al. (2013), (2014) and Zhao, X. and
Liu, S. (2017).
C8-3
Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
1
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Shanghai_Tower_2015.jpg
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Case study 8
Figure 8-2 Shanghai Tower Foundation system and vertical zoning of the Tower
(Zhao, X. and Liu, S. (2017))
For simplicity, the piled raft is considered double symmetric and only a quarter of the foundation
system is analyzed. The foundation system is analyzed as an elastic raft supported on unequal
rigid piles.
8.3 FE-Net
The raft is divided into triangular elements with a maximum length of 1.5 [m] as shown in
Figure 8-3. Piles are divided into five elements with 14 [m] length.
C8-5
Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
A = 51.0 [m]
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 (L=52[m], D=1[m]) G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G2 (L=56[m], D=1[m]) G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2
B = 51.0 [m]
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1
G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
G1 G1 G1
G1
8.4 Loads
According to Tang and Zhao (2014), the tower foundation carries a total dead and live loads of
6710 [MN] and 963 [MN], respectively. The total vertical load used in calculating the settlement
is 7672 [MN]. The column and wall sections and loads are listed in Table 8-1The system of
loading acting on the piled raft is shown in Figure 8-4.
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Case study 8
16.5 16.5
23.0 16.5 16.5
16.5 16.5
16.5 16.5
p[MN/m²]
17.5
23.5
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Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
Load [MN]
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
20
40
Settlement s [mm]
60
80
100
120
Pile Resistance
Allowable Pile Load
140
Geotechnical investigation indicates that the ground conditions comprise horizontally stratified
subsurface profile which is complex and highly variable. The subsoil below the ground level is
composed of clay, silty clay and sand, underlain by a completely decomposed granite. According
to the soil type and physical properties, the subsoil is divided into nine layers and fourteen sub-
layers. The top layer is the bearing layer for shallow foundation while the fifth, seventh and
ninth layers are the end-bearing layers for piles.
The soil profile and geotechnical parameters are summarized in Table 8-2. The subsoil layer
under the raft up to 105 [m] deep are indicated in the boring log shown in Figure 8-6.
C8-8
Case study 8
C8-9
Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
B1
GW 1.0
A ES = 1000[kN/m2]
A
A Ws = 3000[kN/m2] 4.0
1.0 GAM = 18.4[kN/m3]
ES = 1000[kN/m2] 8.0
A Ws = 3000[kN/m2]
1.8 GAM = 8.4[kN/m3]
12.0
ES = 3970[kN/m2]
T Ws = 11910[kN/m2] 16.0
3.0 GAM = 8.4[kN/m3]
ES = 3840[kN/m2] 20.0
T Ws = 11520[kN/m2]
7.5 GAM = 7.7[kN/m3]
24.0
ES = 2270[kN/m2] Tk = 25.4 [m]
T Ws = 6810[kN/m2]
28.0
16.0 GAM = 6.7[kN/m3]
56.0
ES = 75000[kN/m2] 60.0
S Ws = 225000[kN/m2]
63.6 GAM = 9.2[kN/m3]
64.0
ES = 60000[kN/m2]
S Ws = 180000[kN/m2] 68.0
67.9 GAM = 9.1[kN/m3]
ES = 70000[kN/m2] 72.0
U Ws = 210000[kN/m2]
76.2 GAM = 9.1[kN/m3] 76.0
80.0
ES = 35000[kN/m2] 84.0
S+T Ws = 105000[kN/m2]
87.2 GAM = 10[kN/m3]
88.0
ES = 80000[kN/m2]
T+U Ws = 240000[kN/m2]
92.0
88.5 GAM = 10.2[kN/m3]
A A, Filling ES = 85000[kN/m2]
96.0
S+U
T, Clay Ws = 255000[kN/m2]
100.0
100.5 GAM = 9.3[kN/m3]
S, Sand ES = 90000[kN/m2]
fS Ws = 270000[kN/m2] 104.0
U, Silt 105.0 GAM = 9.700001[kN/m3]
fS, Fine sand
C8-10
Case study 8
8.8 Results
igure 8-7 to Figure 8-11 show the settlement and pile reactions for piled raft analyzed using the
F
"Given load-settlement curve from pile load test" method.
126 [mm]
121 [mm]
116 [mm]
111 [mm]
106 [mm]
101 [mm]
96 [mm]
91 [mm]
86 [mm]
81 [mm]
77 [mm]
72 [mm]
67 [mm]
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Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
16 15 15 16 16 15 15 15 16 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 33
17 15 15 15 16 15 15 15 16 28 29 30 31 32 32 33
15 14 15 15 15 15 14 28 28 29 30 31 32 32 33
14 16
16 14 14 14 14 14 14 28 28 29 30 31 32 32
14 15
14 13 13 13 13 13 13 27 27 28 29 30 30 31 31
13 15
13 12 12 12 12 12 12 26 27 28 28 29 30 30
12 14
13 12 11 11 11 11 12 12 25 26 27 27 28 29 29 29
11 13
11 11 10 11 11 11 11 25 25 26 27 27 28 28
11 13 24 24 25 26 26 27 27 27
11 10 10 10 10 11
11 11 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16
10 10 10 10 10
10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14
10 9 9 10
10 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 13 14 14
12 13 14
9 10 10 11 11 13 14 15
10 9
12 14 15
9 10 10 11 11 13 15 15
10 12 14 15
10 10 10 11 11 13 15 15
12 14 15
10 10 11 11 13 15 15
12 14 15
11 11 11 13 15 15
12 14 15
12 12 14 16 16
14 16 18
13
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Case study 8
68 74 79 84 87 90 92 95 95 86 88 90 92 94 95 96 96
64 71 77 81 85 88 91 87 89 91 93 95 96 96
94 95
67 73 78 82 86 89 91 85 87 90 92 93 95 95 96
93 94
63 70 75 79 83 86 89 85 88 90 92 93 94 95
92 93
65 71 75 79 83 86 89 83 85 88 90 91 92 93 93
90 91
60 66 71 75 79 83 86 83 85 87 89 90 91 92
55 61 66 71 75 88 89
78 82 85 80 82 84 86 88 89 90 90
58 63 68 72 86 87 79 81 83 85 86 87 88
75 79 82
59 83 84 76 78 80 82 84 85 86 86
64 69 72 76 79
60 65 80 83 84 86 89 91 92 94 94 95
69 73 76
61 77 80 83 85 88 90 92 93 94 94
66 70 74
61 66 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 92
85 89 91
61 70 73 76 79 82 86 89 90
66
82 86 88
66 69 72 75 78 83 86 87
61
79 83 85
61 65 68 72 75 79 82 83
75 79 81
60 64 68 71 75 78 79
71 75 77
59 63 66 71 73 74
66 70 71
58 61 65 67 68
60 63 64
55
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Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
84 90 95 99 103 105 107 109 111 114 117 120 123 126 128 129 129
82 87 92 97 101 104 106 115 118 121 124 126 128 129
109 111
83 88 93 98 101 104 106 113 116 119 122 124 126 128 128
107 110
79 84 88 93 97 100 103 113 116 119 122 124 126 127
105 108
79 84 88 92 96 99 102 109 113 116 118 121 123 124 125
103 106
74 78 83 87 91 95 98 109 112 115 117 120 121 122
68 73 78 82 86 90 100 103
93 97 105 108 111 113 116 118 119 119
C8-14
Case study 8
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 3
7 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 12 12 12 13 13 13 14
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 7
6 7
7 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 12 12 12 13 13 13
6 6
6 5 5 5 5 5 5 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 6
5 6
6 5 5 5 5 5 5 11 11 11 12 12 12 13
5 6
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 6
5 5
5 4 4 4 4 5 5 10 11 11 11 11 12 12
5 5 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 6
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 3
4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 3
4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 3
5 6 6
4 4 4 4 5 5 6 3
4 4
5 6 6
4 4 4 4 5 5 6 3
4 5 6 6
4 4 4 4 5 5 6 3
5 6 6
4 4 4 5 5 6 3
5 6 6
4 4 5 5 6 3
5 6 6
5 5 6 6 3
6 7 7
6
C8-15
Piled raft of Shanghai Tower
A comparison between the computed settlement obtained by ELPLA and that obtained by other
methods is presented in Table 8-3.
Table 8-3 Comparison between ELPLA results and those of other methods
Smax. Smin. SDiff.
Method
[mm] [mm] [mm]
ELPLA 129 64 65
8.10 Conclusion
This case study shows that ELPLA is a practical tool for analyzing large piled raft problems in
significantly lowered computational time.
C8-16
Case study 8
8.11 References
C8-17