MODE

The mode of a set of observations is the observation that occurs

the most.
• Example 1 - Find the mode of the numbers: 1,1,2,4,3,2,1,2,2,4
• Ascending Order: 1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4,4
• 2 has occurred max. times, therefore mode= 2

• Example 2- Find the mode of 2,6,5,3,0,3,4,3,2,4,5,2

• Ascending order : 0,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,5,6
• Here, both 2 and 3 occurred max. time, so
• Mode = 2 and 3
Find the mode of the following data:
12,14,12,16,15,13,14,18,19,12,14,15,16,15,16,16,15,17,13,16,16,15,
15,13,15,17,15,14,15,13,15,14

Numbers Tally Marks Frequency • Here 15 occurs the most, so

12 III 3 mode = 15
13 IIII 4
14 IIII 5
15 IIII IIII 10
16 IIII I 6
17 II 2
18 I 1
19 I 1
Median: The middle observation of the given data, when
arranged in ascending or descending order is called median.
• Example - Find the median of the data: 24,36,46,17,18,25,35
• Ascending order: 17,18,24,25,35,36,46
• Since 25 is in the middle of data, median = 25

• Example- Find the median of 35, 32, 33, 42, 38, 32, 34, 36
• Ascending order: 32,32,33,34,35,36,38,42
• Since two numbers are in the middle, median is the average of
both the numbers
34+35 69
• Median = = = 34.5
2 2
Exercise 3.2
• 1. The scores in mathematics test (out of 25) of 15 students is as follows:
• 19, 25, 23, 20, 9, 20, 15, 10, 5, 16, 25, 20, 24, 12, 20
• Find the mode and median of this data. Are they same?
• Solution:-
• Arranging the given scores in an ascending order, we get
• 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 23, 24, 25, 25
• 1) Mode is the value which occurs most frequently.
• Here, 20 occurs maximum number of times.(4 times)
• Hence, mode of the given sores is 20
• The value of the middle-most observation is called the median of the data.
• Let us arrange the data in ascending order: 5,9,10,12,15,16,19,20,20,20,20,23,24,25,25
• The middle observation is 20
• Hence, the median is 20.
• Yes, both the values are same.
2. The runs scored in a cricket match by 11 players is as follows:
6, 15, 120, 50, 100, 80, 10, 15, 8, 10, 15
Find the mean, mode and median of this data. Are the three same?
• 1)Mean of the given data = Sum of all observations/ Total number of
observations
• = (6 + 8 + 10 + 10 + 15 + 15 + 15 + 50 + 80 + 100 + 120)/ 11
• = 429/11
• = 39
• 2)Ascending order of data:6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120
• 15 occurs maximum number of times so, mode = 15
• 3)Middle value is 15 so, median = 15
3. The weights (in kg.) of 15 students of a class are:
38, 42, 35, 37, 45, 50, 32, 43, 43, 40, 36, 38, 43, 38, 47
(i) Find the mode and median of this data.
(ii) Is there more than one mode?

• Arranging the given weights in an ascending order, we get

• 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 38, 38,40, 42, 43, 43, 43, 45, 47, 50
• (i) Here, 38 and 43 occurs max. times (3 times), so mode = 38 & 43

• (ii) The middle observation is 40, so median = 40

• Yes there are two modes
4. Find the mode and median of the data: 13, 16, 12, 14, 19, 12, 14, 13,
14.
• Ascending order of the given data
• = 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 16, 19
• 14 occurs maximum number of times.
• Hence, mode of the given data is 14.

• The value of the middle-most observation is called the median of the

data.
• The middle observation is 14
• Hence, the median = 14.
5. Tell whether the statement is true or false:
• (i) The mode is always one of the numbers in a data.
• True
• (ii) The mean is one of the numbers in a data.
• False .(Because, mean is may be or may not be one of the number in a data.)
• (iii) The median is always one of the numbers in a data.
• False . (Because, median may be or may not be one of the number in a data
• (iv) The data 6, 4, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13, 9 has mean 9.
• Solution:-
• Mean = Sum of all given observations/ number of observations
• = (6 + 4 + 3 + 8 + 9 + 12 + 13 + 9)/8
• = (64/8)
• =8
• Hence, the given statement is false
Chance and Probability
• There are situations in our life, that are certain to happen, some that
are impossible and some that may or may not happen. The situation
that may or may not happen has a chance of happening.
• The situation that are sure to happen has probability 1
• The situation which are impossible to occur has probability 0
• The probability of those situation which may or may not occur lies
between 0 and 1.
Probability 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
• Probability of an event =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
• For example, if a container has 15 red balls and 9 white balls and if a
ball is pulled out without seeing, what is the probability of getting a
• 1) red ball 2) white ball
• Total number of balls = 15+ 9 = 24
• Number of red balls = 15
• Number of white balls = 9
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 15 5
• Probability of getting a red ball = = =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 24 8
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 9 3
• Probability of getting a white ball = = =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 24 8
Example- If a coin is tossed, find the probability of getting a head and
a tail.
• Total possible outcomes = 2( head and tail)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 1
• Probability of getting a head = =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 2
1
• Probability of getting a tail =
2
• Example- If a die is thrown, find the probability of getting:
• 1) even number 2) prime number 3) multiple of 3
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
• Probability of getting an even no.(2,4,6) =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
3 1
• = =
6 2
3 1
• Probability of getting a prime no.(2,3,5)= =
6 2
2 1
• Probability of getting a multiple of 3(3,6) = =
6 3
Exercise 3.4

1. Tell whether the following is certain to happen, impossible, can happen but not certain.
(i) You are older today than yesterday.
It is certain to happen.

(ii) A tossed coin will land heads up.

It can happen but not certain.

(iii) A die when tossed shall land up with 8 on top.

It is impossible. Because, there are only six faces on a die is marked as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 on it.

(iv) The next traffic light seen will be green.

It can happen but not certain.

(v) Tomorrow will be a cloudy day.

It can happen but not certain.
2. There are 6 marbles in a box with numbers from 1 to 6 marked on each of them.
(i) What is the probability of drawing a marble with number 2?

There are 6 marbles in the box with numbers from 1 to 6 are marked.
Number of favourable outcomes 1
Probability of drawing a marble with number 2 = =
Number of possible outcomes 6

(ii) What is the probability of drawing a marble with number 5?

Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
There are 6 marbles in the box with numbers from 1 to 6 are marked.
Number of favourable outcomes 1
Probability of drawing a marble with number 5 = =
Number of possible outcomes 6
3. A coin is flipped to decide which team starts the game. What is the
probability that your team will start?
Solution:-
A coin has two faces one is Head and other one is Tail.
Now, one team can choose either Head or Tail.
Number of favourable outcomes 1
Probability of our team starts first= = 2
Number of possible outcomes