MTH3003

2020/2021-2

TUTORIAL 2

1. An experiment involves tossing a single die. These are some events:

A: Observe a 2
B: Observe an even number
C: Observe a number greater than 2
D: Observe both A and B
E: Observe A or B or both
F: Observe both A and C

a) List the simple events in the sample space.

b) List the simple events in each of the events A through F.
c) Calculate the probabilities of the six events A through F.

2. A survey classified a large number of adults according to whether they were

judged to need eyeglasses to correct their reading vision and whether they used
eyeglasses when reading.

Used Eyeglasses for Reading

Judged to Need
Eyeglasses Yes No

Yes 0.44 0.14

No 0.02 0.40

If a single adult is selected, find the probability of each event:

a) The adult is judged to need eyeglasses.

b) The adult needs eyeglasses for reading but does not use them.
c) The adult uses eyeglasses for reading whether he or she needs them or not.

3. Four equally qualified runners, Abu, Ali, Chan and Muthu, run a 100-meter
sprint, and the order of finish is recorded.
 a) How many simple events are in the sample space?
b) If the runners are equally qualified, what probability should you
assign to each simple event?
c) What is the probability that Muthu wins the race?
d) What is the probability that Muthu wins and Abu places second?
e) What is the probability that Chan finishes last?

4. You have two groups of distinctly different items, 10 in the first group and 8
in the second. If you select one item from each group, how many different
pairs can you form?

5. Your family vacation involves an air flight, a rental car and a hotel stay in
Langkawi. If you can choose from four air carriers, five car rental agencies and
three hotel chains, how many options are available for your vacation
accommodations?

6. A multiple-choice test has five questions, each with five choices for the
answer. Only one of the choices is correct. You randomly guess the answer to
each question.

a) What is the probability that you answer the first question correctly?
b) What is the probability that you answer all five questions correctly?
c) What is the probability that you do not answer any of the
questions correctly?

7. An experiment can result in one or both of events A and B with the

probabilities shown in the following table:

c
A A
B
0.34 0.46

Bc 0.15 0.05

Find the following probabilities:

a) P(A) d) P(A∪B)
b) P(B) e) P(A|B)
c) P(A∩ B) f) P(B|A)
g) Are events A and B mutually exclusive? Explain.
h) Are events A and B independent? Explain.
8. A college student frequents one of two coffee houses on campus, choosing
Starbucks 70% of the time and Kopitiam 30% of the time. Regardless of where
she goes, she buys a cafe mocha on 60% of her visits.

a) What is the probability that she goes to Starbucks and orders a cafe mocha?

b) Are the two events in part (a) independent?Explain.

c) If she goes into a coffee house and orders a café mocha, what is the
probability that she is at Kopitiam?
d) What is the probability that she goes to Starbucks or orders a café mocha or
both?

9. A sample is selected from one of two populations, S1 and S2, with

probabilities P(S1) = 0.7 and P(S2) = 0.3. If the sample has been selected from
S1, the propbability of observing an event A is P(A|S1) = 0.2. Similarly, if the
sample has been selected from S2, the probability of observing A is P(A|S2) =
0.3.

a) If a sample is randomly selected from one of the two populations, what

is the probability that the event A occurs?
b) If the sample is randomly selected and event A is observed, what is the
probability that the sample was selected from population S1? From
population S2?

10. There are three major manufacturing companies that make a product. Company
A produce 50% of the total product, company B produce 30% of total product
and company C produce 20% of total product. 5% of A’s product is defective,
7% of B’s product is defective, and 10% of C’s product is defective.

a) What is the randomly selected product is defective?

b) If a product is randomly selected, what is the probability that a defective
product came from company B?

11. A random variable X can take the values 1, 2, 3 and 4. The

corresponding probabilities are as given in the table below.

X 1 2 3 4

P(X) K 2K 3K 4K
4 4 4 4
 a) Find the value of K if the above is the probability distribution of X.
b) Calculate the mean and variance of X.

12. Let the random variable X represent the daily demand for cheesecake sold in a
small deli. The table below gives the probability distribution of
X.

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X) 0.2 0.1 0.3 c 0.1

a) Find the probability of demand for three cheesecakes.

b) Find the probability of demand for less than four cheesecakes.
c) Calculate the variance and standard deviation.
d) What is the expected demand for cheesecake?