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    Directly Acting Expectorants

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    Roma Ann Manahan
    Expectorants are agents that increase the volume and fluidity of respiratory secretions. They work by producing more fluid secretions that help move respiratory debris out of the lungs and also soothe irritated mucous membranes. There are directly-acting expectorants like eucalyptus oil and camphor as well as indirectly-acting ones like ammonium bicarbonate that work by causing productive coughing. Inhibitors of respiratory secretions include decongestants, antihistamines, and anticholinergics which decrease secretions. Mucolytics and proteolytic enzymes are used to break down thick mucus in the lungs. Centrally- and locally-acting antitussives can suppress coughing

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    Directly Acting Expectorants

    Uploaded by

    Roma Ann Manahan
    21 views6 pages
    Expectorants are agents that increase the volume and fluidity of respiratory secretions. They work by producing more fluid secretions that help move respiratory debris out of the lungs and also soothe irritated mucous membranes. There are directly-acting expectorants like eucalyptus oil and camphor as well as indirectly-acting ones like ammonium bicarbonate that work by causing productive coughing. Inhibitors of respiratory secretions include decongestants, antihistamines, and anticholinergics which decrease secretions. Mucolytics and proteolytic enzymes are used to break down thick mucus in the lungs. Centrally- and locally-acting antitussives can suppress coughing

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    Expectorants are agents that increase the volume and fluidity of respiratory secretions. They work by producing more fluid secretions that help move respiratory debris out of the lungs and also soothe irritated mucous membranes. There are directly-acting expectorants like eucalyptus oil and camphor as well as indirectly-acting ones like ammonium bicarbonate that work by causing productive coughing. Inhibitors of respiratory secretions include decongestants, antihistamines, and anticholinergics which decrease secretions. Mucolytics and proteolytic enzymes are used to break down thick mucus in the lungs. Centrally- and locally-acting antitussives can suppress coughing

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    21 views6 pages

    Directly Acting Expectorants

    Uploaded by

    Roma Ann Manahan
    Expectorants are agents that increase the volume and fluidity of respiratory secretions. They work by producing more fluid secretions that help move respiratory debris out of the lungs and also soothe irritated mucous membranes. There are directly-acting expectorants like eucalyptus oil and camphor as well as indirectly-acting ones like ammonium bicarbonate that work by causing productive coughing. Inhibitors of respiratory secretions include decongestants, antihistamines, and anticholinergics which decrease secretions. Mucolytics and proteolytic enzymes are used to break down thick mucus in the lungs. Centrally- and locally-acting antitussives can suppress coughing

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    Expectorants

    Agents that increase the volume and fluidity of secretions in the respiratory tract

    Production of more fluid secretion (sputum) encourages movement of respiratory debris toward the
    mouth, at the same time soothes irritated mucous membranes

    Directly acting expectorants • Eucalyptus


    • Camphor
    • Potassium iodide
    • Pine oil
    • Lemon oil
    Indirectly-acting expectorants • Ammonium bicarbonate
    • Ammonium chloride
    (Productive cough • Potassium iodide
    Inspissated cough) • Potassium citrate
    • Guaifenesin
    INHIBITORS OF RESPIRATORY SECRETION: • PHENYLEPHRINE
    Decongestants • PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
    a- Adrenergic stimulants • PROPYLHEXEDRINE
    Antihistamines • DIPHENHYDRAMINE
    • CHLORPHENIRAMINE
    • LORATADINE
    Anticholinergic ATROPINE
    MUCOLYTICS • Acetylcysteine
    Acts by neutralizing the disulfide bonds in mucus
    resulting in its liquefaction. May cause reactive
    bronchoconstriction and must be given in
    combination with bronchodilator
    • Bromhexine
    Brings increase in the content of immunoglobulin
    and of administered oxytetracycline in bronchial
    secretion. Depolymerize mucopolysaccharides
    • Proteolytic enzymes • Streptokinase-streptodornase
    • Trypsin
    • Usually administered by inhalation
    • Used to degrade inflammatory materials
    Centrally acting antitussive Narcotic antitussive
    • CODEINE
    • DIHYDROCODEINE
    • DIHYDROCODEINONE
    • MORPHINE
    • Depress the cough center in the medulla
    oblongata
    Non-narcotic antitussives
    • DEXTROMETORPHAN
    • NOSCAPINE
    • BUTORPHANOL
    • TRIMEPRAZINE
    Locally-acting antitussives • MENTHOL
    • TINCTURE OF BENZOIN
    • BENZONATATE
    BRONCHODILATORS • DIPHENHYDRAMINE
    Antihistamines • CHLORPHENIRAMINE
    Methyxanthines • THEOPHYLLINE
    • AMINOPHYLLINE
    • CAFFEINE
    Symphatomimetic • EPINEPHRINE
    • ISOPROTERENOL
    • EPHEDRINE
    Selective bronchodilators • ALBUTEROL
    • METAPROTERENOL
    • TERBUTALINE
    • CLENBUTEROL
    Respiratory drugs
    •

    dIGESTIVE

    APPETITE STIMULANT

    • Vit B complex

    >important in ATP formation

    > Role in glucose metabolism

    • Corticosteroid
    • Anabolic steroids

    stanozolol, boldenone, and nandrolone

    • Zinc
    • Diazepam – effective in cat
    • Bitters- nux vomica
    • Palatable food
    • Warm food

    Centrally acting emetics


    • Apomorphine – .
    • Xylazine – sedative analgesic, produce emesis in cats
    • Ipecac

    Locally acting emetics

    • 3% hydrogen peroxide
    • Sodium chloride
    • Copper sulfate
    • Zinc sulfate

    Anti Emetic

    Centrally acting

    • Cyclizine
    • Diphenhydramine
    • Meclizine HCl (Bonamine)
    • Tranquilizers (Chlorpromazine, Droperidol)
    • Metoclopramide

    Peripherally acting

    • Demulcent and protectants


    • Kaolin, pectin
    • Antacids

    ANTACIDS (Locally acting)

    • Magnesium oxide
    • Magnesium hydroxide
    • Calcium hydroxide
    • Aluminum hydroxide

    H2 - blockers

    • Cimetidine
    • Ranitidine
    • Famotidine
    • Omeprazole

    ADSORBENTS

    • Kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate)


    • Attapulgite (Hydrated Mg Al trisilicate)
    • Aluminum hydroxide-Local antacids
    • Activated charcoal
    • Universal antidote (MgO, tannic acid)

    GI ASTRINGENTS

    • Tannic acid
    • Gambir
    • Catechu

    CARMINATIVES

    • SIMETHICONE (Relestal, Mylanta)


    • TURPENTINE
    • PEPPERMINT
    • CAMPHOR
    • CAPSICUM

    URINARY

    URINARY

    DIURETICS THAT INCREASE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

    (METHYL) XANTHINE DERIVATIVES

    Caffeine

    Theophylline

    Theobromine

    CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

    Digoxin
    Digitoxin

    CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

    -ACETAZOLAMIDE

    -METHAZOLAMIDE

    -DICHOLORPHENAMIDE

    -ETHOXOLAMIDE

    LOOP DIURETICS

    FUROSEMIDE

    BUMETANIDE

    ETHACRYNIC ACID

    Inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption through out nephron and in the ascending loop of Henle

    These are used to treat most edematous conditions

    May cause vol and electrolyte disturbance and ototoxicity

    FUROSEMIDE

    BUMETANIDE

    ETHACRYNIC ACID

    Inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption through out nephron and in the ascending loop of Henle

    These are used to treat most edematous conditions

    May cause vol and electrolyte disturbance and ototoxicity

    THIAZIDES

    -CHLORTHIAZIDE - MOST USED

    -HYDROFLUMETHIAZIDE

    -METOLAZONE

    -METHYLCHLORTHIAZIDE

    POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
    -SPIRONOLACTONE

    -TRIAMTERENE

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