KULIAH

TEKNIK PENGELASAN LOGAM

BAB 8
PENGELASAN BAJA TAHAN
KARAT

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MANUFAKTUR - UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI

PART - B

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 1

 MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

 Martensitic stainless steels are employed because of the

combination of high strength and good corrosion resistance. The
commercial 13% Cr steel containing more than 0.08% C is the
most widely used martensitic stainless steel.
 Fe-Cr-C alloys the composition of 12 to 18 % chromium, and up to
1.2% carbon, with no Ni content. They may be tempered and
hardened.
 Martensite gives steel great hardness, but it also reduces its
toughness and makes it brittle
 Chromium and carbon balanced so that transformation to
austenite occurs on heating
 More than 18 Cr always ferritic
 High hardenability - austenite to martensite transformation under
almost all cooling rates
 Air hardening steels

MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 2

 To avoid underbead cracking in martensitic stainless steels, preheating &
postweld tempering (between 600 - 850°C) are usually employed. Fller metals
of austenitic stainless steels are often used, because the weld metal so
produced remains ductile, thus reducing the chance of underbead cracking.
Also, due to the greater solubility of hydrogen in austenite, hydrogen can
dissolve in the weld metal and the possibility of underbead cracking is thus
reduced.
As in the case of welding heat-treatable alloy steels, martensitic stainless
steels are usually not allowed to cool directly to room temperature upon the
completion of welding in order to avoid underbead cracking.

Proper postweld heat treatment and resultant microstructure of a 12%

Cr martensitic steel (magnification 500X).

Komposisi Martensitic Stainless Steel

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 3

 Struktur Mikro Martensitic Stainless Steel

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 4

 PRECIPITATION HARDENING STAINLESS STEEL

• Threetypes of PH: Martensitic, semi-austenitic, and austenitic

base structures
Martensitic, Cr-Ni ratio 13 to 8, 15 to 5, and 17 to 4, with C  0,1%
Semi austenitic, Cr-Ni ratio 17 to 7, 15 to 7
Austenitic, CD4MCu the lowest strength compared two others, as cast only.

• Ti, Al, Mo, and Cu to promote precipitates

• Strengthening by precipitations are achieved by solution

quenching followed by ageing at temperature 440-540 °C

• They the highest strength and hardness among other SS

• Their widest application in the aircraft and missile industry under

relatively mild corrosion.

Microstructure of Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel

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 Summary of Stainless Steel compositions

1. Austenitic : iron-chromium-nickel + low carbon

2. Ferritic : iron-chromium + low carbon
3. Martensitic : iron-chromium + higher carbon
4. Duplex : part austenite, part ferrite
5. PH : iron-chromium-nickel + low carbon
+ precipitating element

Pengelasan SMAW pada Stainless Steel

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 6

 Pengelasan SMAW pada Stainless Steel

Pengelasan GTAW
pada Stainless Steel

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 Pengelasan GTAW pada Stainless Steel

Pengelasan GMAW
pada Stainless Steel

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 8

 Pengelasan SAW pada Stainless Steel

Welding of Dissimilar Steels

Pengelasan Baja Karbon dan Stainless Steel 304L

Kondisi :
 Tanpa filler metal
 50% dilusi

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 9

 Welding of Dissimilar Steels

Pengelasan Baja Karbon dan Stainless Steel 304L

Kondisi :
 Filler metal 309L
 25% dilusi

Dissimilar Weld Metal - Stainless Steel to Carbon Steel

Joining austenitic stainless steel to

carbon steel is a common combination
that can readily be fusion welded,
provided the welding procedure is
proper.

In welding Type 304 to mild steel for instance, the choice of filler metal is a
key point. If you use Type E308 filler metal, the diluted weld metal with the
formation of martensite (a brittle structure) may contain cracking, because
the filler metal cannot tolerate dilution by both base metals. A proper filler
metal, in this case, is Type E309, for applications below 800°F (427℃) in
general. The procedure of estimating the microstructure of the E309-type
diluted weld metal can be done by using a Schaeffler diagram ; the diluted
weld metal will contain about 4% of ferrite and no martensite in the
austenitic matrix, which is resistible to cracking.

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 10

 Schaeffler Diagram

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 Dilusi untuk beberapa metoda las dalam
sambungan buntu (butt weld)

Tujuan finishing setelah pengelasan stainless steel

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 12

 Before
Pickling

Finishing
by Pickling

2020 TPL Bab 8 (Part B) 13