Statistics Formula Booklet

Σx Σfx
Mean: X̄ (Average) = or
n f
(n+1) (n+1)
Median: -> If less than 30 or
2 2

Range: Highest data - lowest data

High Range -> More spread data

Small Range -> Less spread data

---

Variance σ2:
x2
Ungrouped Data:
n
- ( nx )²
f x2
Grouped Data:
n
- ( fxn )²
---

Standard Deviation σ:

Ungrouped Data:√ ❑

Grouped Data:√ ❑

---
(n+1) (n+1)
Quartile 1: 4 -> If less than 30 or 4

(n+1) (n+1)
Quartile 2 (Median): -> If less than 30 or
2 2

3(n+1) 3(n+1)
Quartile 3: 4 -> If less than 30 or 4
Using the quartiles:

Symmetrical: Q2 – Q1 = Q3 – Q2 then the distribution is symmetrical

Positively Skewed: Q2 – Q1 < Q3 – Q2
Negatively Skewed: Q2 – Q1 > Q3 – Q2
Percentile:

Percentile
x number of data
100
Extrapolation means using the regression line to estimate outside the range of the data.
It can be unreliable.

Interpolation means using the regression line to estimate within the range of the data.
It is usually reasonably reliable.
Probability:

Addition Rule -> Find Intersection P(AnB)

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A n B)
P(A n B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A U B)

P(A’) = 1 - P(A)
P(B’) = 1 - P(B)

*This part only use the venn diagram, do not use P(A) or P(B)
P(A’ U B) = B + P(A’ n D’) + (A n B) -> Example: 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.4 = 0.8
P(A U B’) A + P(A’ n D’) + (A n B) -> Example: 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.4 = 0.7

P(A’ n B) = P(A’) + P(B) - P(A’ U B) -> Example: 0.4 + 0.7 - 0.8 = 0.3
The value inside the B circle is P(A’ n B)

P(A n B’) = P(A) + P(B’) - P(A U B’)

The value inside the A circle is P(A n B’)
Multiplication Rule

*This is the basics

P(AnB) = P(A|B) x P(B)
P(BnA) = P(B|A) x P(A)

P(A|B) = P(AnB) x P(B)

P(B|A) = P(BnA) x P(A)

P(AnB’) = P(A|B’) x P(B’)

P(B’nA) = P(B’|A) x P(A)

P(AnB) = P(BnA) -> The same

---

Tree Diagram:
Mutually Exclusive Events:
A and B are mutually exclusive with no intersection -> P(A n B) = 0

P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AnB) will become:

P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B)

P(AnB) = P(A) x P(B) or P(BnA) = P(B) x P(A)

P(AnB’) = P(A) -> Only A

P(A’nB) = P(B) -> Only B

P(A’nB’) = 1 - P(AUB)
Multiplication Rule For Independent Events:
P(AnB) = P(A) x P(B)

P(AnB’) = P(A) - P(AnB)

P(A’nB) = P(B) - P(AnB)

P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AnB)

P(A’nB’) = P(A’) x P(B’)

P(A’) = 1 - P(A)
P(B’) = 1 - P(B)
Binomial Distribution:

The trial should be fixed

Example: P(X=4) -> This is fixed