UNIT-4

TWO PORT NETWORKS

PREPARED BY
D V S RAMANJANEYULU
ASST.PROF
ACE ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Syllabus …… 2

Z,Y, ABCD and h- Parameters

Conversion of one parameter to

other

Condition for Reciprocity and

symmetry
Two port networks connected in
series, parallel and cascaded
configurations
Problem solving
3
 4
Port A port is pair of terminals connecting an electrical network or
: circuit to an external circuit i.e it is a point of entry or exit for
electrical energy

Two Port network A two port network is an electrical network

: having two pair of terminals to connect to an external
circuit, with one pair at the input called input port and
other at out put called the output port .
 Knowing the parameters of a two
port network enables us to treat
it as a black box when embedded
with in a larger network, thus
making analysis of network (large
circuits in particular) very easy .

This technique is well applied in areas of

Communication
Electronics
Control system
Power system

5
 APPROACH TO TWO PORT PARAMETERS

There are four variables �1, �2 , �1 and �2 associated with a two

port network . Two of these variables can be 6 expressed in terms of other two
variables. Thus there will be two dependent variables and two independent
variables. The number of possible combinations generated by four variables taken
two at a time is six i.e there are 6 possible sets of equations describing a two-port
network 6
7
 Z- PARAMETERS
(OPEN CIRCUIT PARAMETERS)

The Z-parameters of a two port network may be defined by expressing two port
voltages �1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 �2 in terms of two port currents �1 and �2

Matrix Form

Open circuit input

impedance

Open circuit reverse

transfer impedance

Open circuit forward

transfer impedance

Open circuit output

impedance
8
 CONDITION FOR SYMMETRY
AND RECIPROCITY OF Z PARAMETERS

Symmetry : For the network to be symmetrical, the voltage-to-

current ratio at one port should be the same as the voltage-to-current ratio at
the other port with one of the port short circuited.

Condition for symmetry

9
 A network is said to be reciprocal if the the ratio of
Reciprocity : excitation at one port to response at other port is same
if excitation and responses are interchanged
10

Condition for Reciprocity

 Y- PARAMETERS
(SHORTCIRCUIT PARAMETERS)

The Y-parameters of a two port network may11be defined by expressing two port
currents �1 and �2 in terms of two port voltages �1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 �2

Matrix Form

Short circuit input

admittance

short circuit reverse

transfer admittance

short circuit forward

transfer admittance

short circuit output

admittance
 CONDITION FOR SYMMETRY
AND RECIPROCITY OF Y PARAMETERS

Symmetry : For the network to be symmetrical, the voltage-to-

current ratio at one port should be the same as the voltage-to-current ratio at
the other port with one of the port short circuited.

Condition for symmetry

12
A network is said to be reciprocal if the the ratio of excitation at one
port to response at other port is same if excitation and responses are
interchanged
13

Condition for Reciprocity

 ABCD - PARAMETERS
(TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS)

The ABCD-parameters of a two port network 14 serve to relate the voltage and
currents of input port (�1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 �1) to voltage and currents of output port (�2and
� 2)
Matrix Form
 CONDITION FOR SYMMETRY
AND RECIPROCITY OF Y PARAMETERS

Symmetry : For the network to be symmetrical, the voltage-to-

current ratio at one port should be the same as the voltage-to-current ratio at
the other port with one of the port short circuited.

Condition for symmetry

15
A network is said to be reciprocal if the the ratio of
excitation at one portReciprocity
to response at
: other port is same
if excitation and responses are interchanged
16

Condition for Reciprocity

 h – PARAMETERS
(Hybrid PARAMETERS)

The h -parameters of a two port network serve

17 to relate the voltage of input port
(�1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 current of output port ( �2) in terms of currents of input port (�1) and
voltage of output port (�2)
Matrix Form
 CONDITION FOR SYMMETRY
AND RECIPROCITY OF h PARAMETERS

Condition for symmetry

18
A network is said to be reciprocal if the the ratio of
excitation at one portReciprocity
to response at
: other port is same
if excitation and responses are interchanged
19

Condition for Reciprocity

SYNOPSIS OF ALL PARAMETERS

20
 EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS OF ALL
PARAMETERS

21

Transmission
line parameters

NOT POSSIBLE
Example 1 : Find Z-parameters for the circuit shown below and
comment on symmetry and reciprocity of circuit
22

Ans : �𝟏𝟏 = �𝟏 +��

�𝟏� = ��
��𝟏 = ��
��� = �� +��
RECIPROCAL
SYMMETRICAL IF �𝟏 = ��
23
24
Example 2 : Find Z-parameters for the circuit shown below and
comment on symmetry and reciprocity of circuit

Ans : �𝟏𝟏= 11/5

�𝟏� = 4/5
��𝟏 = 4/5
��� = 6/5

25
26
Example 3 : Find open circuit parameters for the circuit shown
27

ANS
28
Example
4
:

29
Example 1 : Find Y-parameters for the circuit shown below and
comment on symmetry and reciprocity of circuit
30

Ans : �𝟏𝟏 = 5/11

�𝟏� = -2/11
��𝟏 = -2/11
��� = 3/11
Circuit is reciprocal (since �𝟏� = ��𝟏 ) Non
symmetrical (since �𝟏𝟏 ≠ ��� )
31
Example 2 : Find Y-parameters for the circuit shown below and
comment on symmetry and reciprocity of circuit
32

Ans : �𝟏𝟏 = 1/2

�𝟏� = -1/4
��𝟏 = -1/4
��� = 5/8
Circuit is reciprocal (since �𝟏� = ��𝟏 ) Not
symmetrical (since �𝟏𝟏 ≠ ��� )
33
Example 3 : Find Y-parameters for the circuit shown below and
comment on symmetry and reciprocity of circuit
34

ANS
35
Example 1 : Find transmission parameters for the circuit shown
below and comment on symmetry and reciprocity of circuit
36

Ans : A= 6/5
B= 17/5 C= 1/5 D= 7/5
Circuit is NOT reciprocal (since AD-BC ≠ 1) Not
symmetrical (since A ≠ D)
37
38
Example 2 : Find ABCD parameters for the circuit shown below
and comment on symmetry and reciprocity of
circuit 39

Ans : A= 11/4
B= 5/2 C= 5/4 D= 3/2
Circuit is NOT reciprocal (since AD-BC ≠ 1)
Not symmetrical (since A ≠ D)
40
Example 3 : Find ABCD parameters for the circuit shown below

41

Ans :
42
Example
1:

43
Example 2 : Find hybrid parameters for the circuit shown below
and comment on symmetry and reciprocity of
circuit 44

Ans : �𝟏𝟏 = 2
�𝟏𝟐 = 1/2
�𝟐𝟏 = -1/2
�𝟐𝟐 = 1/2
Circuit is reciprocal (since �𝟏𝟐 = − �𝟐𝟏 )
Non symmetrical (since �𝟏𝟏 �𝟐𝟐 − �𝟐𝟏 �𝟏𝟐 ≠1)
45
46
 INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARAMETERS

47

Objective :When it is required to find out two or more parameters of a

particular network then finding each parameter will be
tedious. But if we find a particular parameter then the other
parameters can be found if the inter-relation ship between
them in known.
 Z-Parameters Y-Parameters T-Parameters H-Parameters

Wher 48
∆𝒁 = 𝒁𝟏𝟏 𝒁𝟐𝟐− 𝒁𝟏𝟐 𝒁𝟐𝟏 , ∆𝒚 = �𝟏𝟏 �𝟐𝟐- �𝟏𝟐 �𝟐𝟏 , ∆𝑯 = �𝟏𝟏 �𝟐𝟐− �𝟏𝟐 �𝟐𝟏 , ∆�=AD-BC
1. Z-Parameters in terms of Y-Parameters

49
2. Z-Parameters in terms of ABCD -Parameters

50
3. Z-Parameters in terms of H-Parameters

51
1. Y-Parameters in terms of z-Parameters

52
2. Y-Parameters in terms of T-Parameters

53
3. Y-Parameters in terms of H -Parameters

54
1. ABCD -Parameters in terms of z-Parameters

55
2. ABCD -Parameters in terms of Y-Parameters

56
3. ABCD -Parameters in terms of H-Parameters

57
1. H -Parameters in terms of z-Parameters

58
2. H -Parameters in terms of Y-Parameters

59
3. H -Parameters in terms of ABCD -Parameters

60
Example 1 : The Z-Parameters of 2 port network are �11= 20ohm,
�12= �21= 10ohm, �22= 30 ohm. Find Y and
61
ABCD Parameters.
62
Example 2 : Currents �1 and �2 entering at port1 and port2
respectively of a 2 port network is given by following equation

Find Y , Z and ABCD Parameters of

network. 63
64
65
Example 1 : Two identical sections of the network shown in figure are
connected in series .Obtain Z parameters of over all
network

66
67
Example 2 : Obtain Z parameters of following network.

68
69
Example 3 : Obtain Y parameters of following network.

70
71
72
 Example 4: Two identical sections of the network shown are
connected
in cascade. Obtain the transmission parameters of over all network
73
74