POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF BANGSAMORO TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES

(Halal Food Management and Technology)

JUNE 2021

i
 POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF BANGSAMORO TOWARDS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP

BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

A Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Department of Islamic Studies,

Institute of Islamic and Asian Studies, University of
Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES

(Halal Food Management and Technology)

JUNE 2021

`
 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPROVAL OF THESIS MANUSCRIPT

Name BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

Major HALAL FOOD MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Degree Sought HALAL FOOD MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Specialization BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES
Thesis Title POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF BANGSAMORO
TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP

APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Adviser
______________
Date

__________________________ HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS

Statistician Department Research Coordinator
(Optional)
________________
Date
SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE
Department Chairperson

_________________
Date

SAIMA M. ANDIL, MAPD ABDULNASSER G. MAKALUGI, Ed.D.

College Research Coordinator Dean
_______________ ___________________
Date Date
Study No: ________________
Index No: ________________
Recorded by: _____________

RECORDED:
MARIA TEODORA N. CABASAN, PhD
Director for Research and Development
_________________

ii
 Date

USM-EDR-F04-Rev.4.2020.11.16

iii
 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
ACCEPTANCE OF THESIS OUTLINE

The thesis attached hereto, entitled “POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF

BANGSAMORO TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP” prepared and submitted
by BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES is hereby accepted.

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Adviser

________________________
Date
Accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES.

SAIMA M. ANDIL, MAPD

College Research
Coordinator

_________________________
Date

iii
USM-EDR-F10-Rev.3.2020.02.24 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Bai Samra A. Mamansal commonly known as “Sam” was born on

October 17, 1991 in Patadon. Kidapawan City. She is the sixth child of SPO2

Asim B. Mamansal (deceased) and Mrs. Mela A. Mamansal. She has six (6)

siblings, namely: Asmyra M. Mamades RN, MAN, Jocelyn M. Dimalao,

Raymundo A. Mamansal, Alvin A. Mamansal, (deceased) Chadlia A.

Mamansal RN, and Sarah Jane A. Mamansal.

She took her primary education at Central Mindanao Colleges in

Kidapawan City, North Cotabato in 2003. She pursued her secondary

education at Lagao National High School in Lagao, General Santos City and

obtained her diploma in 2007. The researcher also finished her vocational

course taking up Diploma in Information Technology at System Technology

Institute in Kidapawan City in 2010.

To pursue her ambition, she took up Bachelor of Arts in Islamic Studies

major in Halal Food Management and Technology at University of Southern

Mindanao, Kabacan Cotabato.

Presently she is about to finish her degree program. She believes that

your chances of success in any undertaking can always be measured by your

belief in yourself.

BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

Researcher

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to express her heartfelt gratitude and earnest

appreciation to the following that provide assistance, support, encouragement

and prayers for the accomplishment of her study.

Profound acknowledgements are given to:

To her adviser, Ma’am Sofia G. Molao, MPS-DE, for the pieces of

advice, time, guidance, encouragement, patience and expertise she shared

from the beginning in making this study successful;

To all her panel members; Sir Hasim K. Iskak,MAIS, Ma’am Norjaida

D. Maliga, MAEd and Saima M. Andil, MAPD for their guidance, concerns,

comment, and constructive criticism they shared;

To her smart and kind English critique, for a healthy and considerable

proofreading of the paper’s content.

To her friends and classmates, especially Normia T. Haron, Nasramen

P. Kabambalan, Juknia A. Entol, Mary Grace C. Dacillo, Merazol J.

Dayundo, Norsalem S. Tupi, Rahib Harbi M. Kid, Shaladen S. Mando who

have provided friendship and support, and whom I have shared with laughter,

frustration and companionship a special thank you to all of you.

v
 To her beloved brothers and sisters Asmyra M. Mamades, RN, MAN,

Jocelyn A. Dimalao, Raymundo A. Mamansal, Alvin A. Mamansal,

Chadlia A. Mamansal R.N, Sarah Jane A. Mamansal, her nieces and

nephews and her Parents SPO2 Asim B. Mamansal and Mela A. Mamansal

for unending love, care and support both moral and financial.

To her Son, Prince Jalil M. Bandila, thank you for being her inspiration

to achieved greatness, without you, she would not be where she is today. And

to Mr. Mogiahid K. Bandila, thank you for being there at the end of the day.

Your love is what has gotten through when she wanted to give up.

Above all, to Almighty ALLAH for the blessings and wisdom bestowed

upon the author. Without His mercy this manuscript could not have been

possible. ALHAMDULILLAH!

Not a million words would suffice to express her heartfelt love and

gratitude for them. Indeed, the researcher was enlightened unceasing by her

wisdom.

Bai Samra A. Mamansal

Researcher

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES Page

Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii

Acceptable Sheet iii

Biographical Sketch iv

Acknowledgment v
Table of Contents vi

List of Tables vii

Abstract viii
INTRODUCTION 1
Introduction 1
Operational Definition of Terms 4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5
METHODOLOGY 9
Research Design 9
Respondents of the Study 9
Locale of the Study 9

Sampling Procedure 10
Research Instruments 10
Data Gathering Procedure 10
Statistical Analysis 11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 20

LITERATURE CITED 23
APPENDICES 24
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Socio-demographic and economic 14

characteristics of the respondents
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title Page

A Application for Research Adviser 24

B Application for Research Title 25

C Estimated Budget of the Research 26

D Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense 27

 APPENDICES

ABSTRACT

MAMANSAL, BAI SAMRA. 2021. Positive Attributes of Bangsamoro

Towards Entrepreneurship. Undergraduate Thesis. Institute of Middle
East and Asian Studies, University of Southern, Mindanao, Kabacan,
Cotabato, pp.38

Adviser: SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS – DE

This study sought to determine the positive attributes of Bangsamoro

towards entrepreneurship. Specifically, it aimed to determine the socio –
demographic characteristics of the respondents and their positive attributes
towards entrepreneurship in terms of a. marketing strategies, b. financial
management and c. customers satisfaction.
The study employed quantitative research design particularly survey
research. Fifty (50) individuals which is a combination of both business owners
and customers were used as respondents of the study. To obtain the needed
data, a survey questionnaire was made which was composed of three parts.
Data were treated statistically using descriptive statistics such as frequency
counts, weighted means and percentages.
As to the socio – demographic and economic characteristics of the
respondents, 32 (54%) of the respondents were females; under the age group
31 years old and above; Maguindanaons; secondary undergraduates; sari –
sari store owners; run the business for 6 – 10 years and have a monthly
income of 10001 – 20000.
As to the positive attributes of the respondents on entrepreneurship in
terms of marketing strategies, it was found out that majority of the respondents
agreed on the given statements with an overall weighted mean of 4.12.
Further, majority of them disagreed that business owners are using social
media in selling their products which obtained the lowest weighted mean of
3.33.
As to positive attributes of the respondents towards entrepreneurship in
terms of financial management, majority of them agreed on the given
statements with an overall weighted mean of 4.17. Further, majority of them
disagreed that they are attending financial management seminars which got a
weighted mean of 3.17.
As to the level of satisfaction of the customers, it was found out that
majority of the respondents were very satisfied with the products and services
of business establishments with an overall weighted mean of 4.53.
Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that owners of
the business establishments have positive attributes towards entrepreneurship
and customers were very satisfied of the products and services offered by the
establishments. It can also be concluded that business establishments are still
using the traditional method of running a business.
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following
recommendations are form: Business establishments should use social media
in advertising their products and services, Business establishments should be
presentable and organized to all customers, Business owners should attend
seminars and trainings related to fiscal management, The Department of
Trade and industry should provide assistance to hard-hit microenterprises
through providing Negosyo starter kit.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, positive attributes, marketing strategies,
fiscal management, customers satisfaction
 INTRODUCTION

Becoming an entrepreneur is not a fate but a decision made by

individuals. Despite the common challenges such as uncertainties, barriers,

failure in making decisions and risks that may lead to the failure of the

entrepreneur growth in their business. People still have intentions and

determinations to become entrepreneurs. The core intention covers the

motivational factors that influence individuals to perform certain behaviors.

Many reasons influence the intention of individuals and amongst other factors;

religion is regarded as a core factor. Religion influences the attitude, values,

and behaviors of people at both the individual and the societal levels and

entrepreneur’s activities in terms of their decision to become entrepreneurs or

select their jobs. The influence of entrepreneur needs to be studied further,

especially focusing on the aspect of Muslim entrepreneurs as it is contrary to

the conventional ways.

Muslim entrepreneurs play an important role in society, in contributing

to Islamic economic. Islamic Entrepreneurship is based on the concept of al-

rizq, halal and haram and the principle of brotherhood (Ukwah).

Islam is a complete way of life and entrepreneurship is part of its

system. Islamic entrepreneurship is the system, process and practices of

conducting business the Islamic way. Muslims entrepreneurs are the agents of

the change in the process from the current conventional system to a new

approach.

This research would be beneficial to the following: The Bangsamoro

entrepreneurs, this give them understanding about the positive attributes of

their fellow entrepreneurs. To the Local Government Unit, to able to make

them a program in support to the entrepreneurs of their area. To the readers,

to give them knowledge about entrepreneur’s positive attributes and to the

Future researchers, to give them related studies to those who want to pursue

this kind of study.

The general objective of the study was to determine the positive

attributes of Bangsamoro towards entrepreneurship. Specifically, the study

aimed to determine the socio- demographic and economic characteristics of

the respondents and their positive attributes towards entrepreneurial in terms

of a) Marketing strategies, b) Financial management and c) Customer’s

satisfaction.

This study was conducted at the Municipality of Kabacan, North

Cotabato, academic year 2020-2021. Kabacan got its name from the

Maguindanaon word “ka-abacan” which means the source of abundance.

People from far-flung barangays used to come to this place and upon

returning home, they brought with them many commodities of their livelihood.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms were operationally defined for better understanding

of the study.

Attitude- is defined as the degree to which a person has a favorable or an

unfavorable evaluation of a behavior in question envisages a person’s

behavioral intentions.

Conscientiousness- is the degree to which an individual is responsible, hard-

working, disciplined, organized, trustworthy, and achievement oriented

while less conscientious people are lazy, spontaneous, and

irresponsible.
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy- refers to the strength of a person's belief that

he or she is capable of successfully performing the various roles and

tasks of entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneur- refers to an individual who is daring enough to commit, to

agree for risk and accept responsibility.

Entrepreneurship- is the ability within the entrepreneurs to take initiatives, to

accept risks, to predict various threats and to meet the challenges in

the entire process of developing and running an enterprise.

Islamic entrepreneurship- is a system, process and practices of conducting

business the Islamic way.

Islam- is the religious faith of Muslims including belief in Allah as the sole deity

and in Muhammad as his Prophet.

Muslim- refers to the followers of Islam.

Positive Attributes- attracts the trust and respect of other people.

Taqwa or faith- refers to a strong belief in existence of Allah.

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

It is considered that this is the entrepreneurial era and we are living in

the age of rapid expansion of the entrepreneurial interests and activities. It

was estimated that approximately over 500 million people around the globe

either were actively engage in an endeavor to start a new venture or were

owner-managers of a new business in 2010 (William By Grave & Andrew

Zacharakis, 2011). This rapid expansion of the entrepreneurial interests and

activities is only because of the fact that the world is experiencing the long-

lasting benefits of the entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship has emerged

as the most powerful economic weapon the world has ever experienced

(Kuratko, 2005).

Entrepreneurship is the ability within the entrepreneurs to take

initiatives, to accept risks, to predict various threats and to meet the

challenges in the entire process of developing and running an enterprise. The

activities of entrepreneurs are critical to the economic growth and prosperity of

modern societies. Entrepreneurship is an attitude that assigns different values

to resources and opportunities than does the general population and an

attitude that encourages creativity and innovation, changing the game, and

being unique (Shane & Venkataraman 2000).

Therefore, it is understood and claimed that entrepreneur is the sole

responsible for economic growth and development. Hence every economy

tries to inculcate positive attitude towards entrepreneurship among its

generations in general and the young in particular through education.

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy refers to the strength of a person's belief

that he or she is capable of successfully performing the various roles and

tasks of entrepreneurship. It consists of five factors: marketing, innovation,

management, risk-taking, and financial control. According to Chen, Greene

and Crick (1998) entrepreneurial self-efficacy was positively related to the

intention to set up one's own business. It was found through research that the

total entrepreneurial self-efficacy score differentiated entrepreneurship

students from other groups. Entrepreneurship students have higher self-

efficacy in marketing, management, and financial control than the

management and psychology students.

It was found that business founders had higher self-efficacy in

innovation and risk-taking than did non-founders. The results of this study

demonstrate the potential of entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a distinct

characteristic of the entrepreneur (Chen, Greene and Crick, 1998).

The identification of the entrepreneurial characteristics and the

knowledge of the entrepreneurial profile of entrepreneurs have been gaining a

growing importance in the development of entrepreneurially oriented

educational programs and start-up processes. Research findings indicate that

entrepreneurship education is the most relevant factor in what concerns the

propensity to business creation. On the other side, personal characteristics

have an important role in shaping motivation to start-up a business (Raposo,

Matos Ferreira, Finisterra do Poo and Gouveja Roderigues, 2008).

Not all Muslims conducting business activities can be categorized as

Muslim entrepreneurs. Some Muslims adhere and apply the Islamic principles

yet some Muslims only perform a partial act, while some others may not

perform nor comply to them at all (Oukil, 2013). As an example, a study

amongst Muslim immigrants in London showed that, there are many Muslims

who actually disobey the Islamic principles in their business premises by

selling and even serving alcohol or pork because such acts would bring more

business profits (Basu & Altinay, 2002).

 Vargas-Hernandez et al. (2010) stressed that a Muslim entrepreneur is

a person who always acts according to the Islamic principles and values

regardless of place and time. Muslim entrepreneurs are concerned with

permissible profits and their main motive of doing business is to achieve

something beneficial to him, to enhance the economy of the society, and to

aspire good deeds for hereafter. In the same vein, Oukil (2013) defined a

Muslim entrepreneur as a person who will and shall always act according to

the Islamic principles and values.

Proactive strategies enable individuals and organization to dominant

the market known as first movers and have extra ordinary high rate of returns

in the investment. Nabila, Ambad, and Wahab (2013) stated that being the first

mover in the market actually create customer loyalty due to high switching

cost or brand familiarity thus it is very important for a firm to anticipate for

future needs and demands. The ability to anticipate for future challenges,

demands gives a firm the capacity to shape the environment and direction of

competition to its advantage. They also highlighted that is easier for start-up

companies to use pro-activeness than compared to already existing firm in the

market (Nabila, Ambad, & Wahab, 2013).

It is one of the most important dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation

that is expected to secure prestigious firm performance which is easier for

them to target premium market and get the first mover benefits (Lumpkin &

Dess, 2011).
 Pro-activeness is the ability for an individual to anticipate and act on the

future events rather than reacting to events that already occurred in the

market place (Madhoushi, Sadati, Delavari, Mehdivand, & Mihandost, 2011).

They also stated that proactive individual explore opportunities and act in

advance to take advantage of the dynamic market demand. Pro-activeness

can be related to psychological state of mind of an individual as stated by (Su,

Xie, & Wang, 2015). They defined proactivity as a state of mind which is

largely driven by a person’s desire to attain a vision, to develop a mission, to

find solutions to challenging goals and to arrive at objectives. That is,

proactivity involves envisioning the use of strategic parameters to arrive at

effective and efficient approach towards one’s defined objectives.

Lumpkin and Dess (2011) explained pro-activeness to be a forward

looking perspective involving being ahead of competition in terms of new

products or services while taking large market share. They also mentioned

how it has been applied in the pursuit of various business opportunities hence

enhancing entrepreneurship. It provides the answer to the question as to

whether the creation of technology, products, and techniques shape the

environment or just a merely action (Nurul, Muhammad, & Jaafar, 2013).

Proactivity is associated with marketing, research and development in the

process of new entry, customer discovery and satisfaction, and also acting

opportunistically in order to shape the market environment (Lumpkin & Dess,

2001).
 Nieto, Santamaria, and Fernandez (2013) Understanding

entrepreneurial pro-activeness may lead to innovation due to innovative

practices to meet the ever-changing customer needs and want. This tactic is

achieved through diligence and pro-activeness which utilizes original designs;

create new markets and new distribution channels. El-Annan (2013) also

stated that entrepreneurs are individuals that continuously solve problems and

challenges arising with the tendency of creating values or differences in the

environment. Previous research described proactive personality as part of an

individual character that is relatively stable to the extent that influences their

entrepreneurial activities naturally (Prabhu, McGuire, Drost, & Kwong, 2012).

One of the key dimensions of personality traits is openness to

experience which describe a person as intellectual curiosity, imagination, and

proactively seeking and appreciating new experience. An individual with high

openness can be characterized as creative, open-minded, imaginative,

innovative, problem solver and inquisitive (Zhao & Seibert, 2006). These

characteristics help an entrepreneur to appreciate customer demands and

learn to deal with intense competition in the dynamic market trends. In

addition, openness to experience is directly related to self-direction,

stimulation values and intellectual curiosity (Martin, Julius, & Grace, 2016).

Individual with high openness tend to be exceptional entrepreneur in the

future.
 Extraversion is the nature of an individual to be friendly, impulsive,

talkative, energetic, and assertive. Extroversive people are illustrated as

adventurous, excitement, hard-working, and stimulation. Individuals with these

characteristics have high entrepreneurial intention than introverted which are

shy, quiet, and unfriendly (Ettis & Kefi, 2016).

It is one of the most important personality traits that that require a lot of

interpersonal interaction which is an excellent technique for entrepreneurship

due to high collaboration with suppliers, buyers, shareholders, partners and

investors (Shane, 2010).

Therefore, entrepreneurial role is mostly engaging to extraverts since it

entails domination, adventure, ambitiousness, self-confidence, pleasure-

seeking and impulsiveness that is related to both entrepreneurial intention and

success (Ranwala, 2016). Therefore, extraversion personality trait is also

associated with another strong dimension of personality with is

Conscientiousness.

Conscientiousness is the degree to which an individual is responsible,

hard-working, disciplined, organized, trustworthy, and achievement oriented

while less conscientious people are lazy, spontaneous, and irresponsible.

Conscientious individuals are self-motivated which strives after goals and

adheres to principles (Ettis & Kefi, 2016).

Conscientiousness may be positively correlated to entrepreneurship

thus an individual with high need of achievement have a likelihood of

becoming an entrepreneur due to their preference for circumstances in which

hard work determine their performance (Zhao & Seibert, 2006). Several

researchers regard Conscientiousness as a wide range personality dimension

that is made up two attributes such as achievement motivation and

dependability which has less explicit attention.

Neuroticism is the degree to which an individual experiences emotional

stability which is known as dark personality traits. Individual with high

neuroticism have the tendency to experience negative emotions such as

anxiety, depression, hostility, self-consciousness and vulnerability (Zhao &

Seibert, 2006). Individual with low neuroticism are characterized as self-

confident, calm, relaxed and good temper. Individuals with high neuroticism

have a negative correlation with entrepreneurial success due to distress from

small disappointments, sensitive to negative feedback, and restless reactions

to tough situations.

Martin, Julius, and Grace (2016) entrepreneurs needs the ability to

cope with difficult circumstances and having positive attitudes towards

business in the uncertain environment. In the other hand, an entrepreneur is

someone with strong beliefs and self-confident in their ability to control the

outcomes in the environment (Zhao & Seibert, 2006). In addition, Neuroticism

personality trait is also associated with another strong dimension of

personality with is agreeableness.

 Agreeableness is a type of personality that deals with interpersonal

behavior and attitude which includes tolerant, courteous, trust, forgiving, soft-

hearted and cooperative (Ettis & Kefi, 2016). Individuals with less personality

of agreeable are likely to venture into new business due to low self-interest,

low competitiveness, low achievement orientation and poor decision making

(Zhao & Seibert, 2006). They are skeptical which makes it difficult for them to

assess information and navigate through the ever-changing environment. Past

research shows that less agreeable personalities have negative relationship

with entrepreneurial activities (Martin, Julius, & Grace, 2016). A person with

high agreeable personality tends to be flexible, adaptability and goal oriented

which has strong correlation with entrepreneurship (Ranwala, 2016).

Noer, Syafi, and Hadiwijoyo (2013) defined risk taking as the process of

taking bold step in decision making, and action without adequate information

of the outcomes, in venturing into unknown market. Risk taking is one of the

most important entrepreneurial orientations in starting a business in the

competitive environment which drives cash flows. Entrepreneurs are

individuals who sacrifice their time, effort, wealth, and income to make

business decisions in an uncertain dynamic environment (Koudstaal & Sloof,

2014).

In addition, the basic factor that separate entrepreneurs and employees

is the ability to take risk of self-employment in an uncertain environment. They

are known as risk takers in the process of making decisions in order to start a
business which involves the use of personnel, raw materials, equipment, tools,

skill, and money with expected revenue. These resources should therefore be

utilized in a way that reduces cost and generate super normal profits in a

business (Vesković, 2014). An entrepreneur is a risk taker that put ideas and

thoughts into practices without fear uncertainty. Therefore, the higher the risk

the higher the rate of return in an investment (MacKo & Tyszka, 2011).

Risk requires bold intention to implementation strategic plans and

actions that an individual takes to maximize profits effectively and expand

market share. Entrepreneurs must put in mind that the future is unpredictable

and challenging, thus an individual must take calculated risk to venture into

the competitive business environment regardless of the outcome (Mamun, &

Ahshanul, 2014).

Lumpkin and Dess (2001) highlighted that individuals take calculated

business opportunities when the outcomes is not clearly stated immediately.

Similarly, Wiklund and Shepherd (2005) argued that risk taking entrepreneurial

orientation is the ability of an individual or a firm to willingly invest limited

resources in a business project and the results are unpredictable. Lumpkin

and Dess (1996) indicated that firms invest their financial assets with the aim

of utilizing environmental opportunities and achieving higher return. Individuals

that are not entrepreneurial oriented are risk averse, less innovative and they

imitate competitors for their survival and performance of the business (Miller,
1983). Positive risk orientation leads businesses toward success and better

performance in the turbulent environment.

Risk taking orientation enable individuals or firms to identify and seize

market opportunities, attain higher returns on investment and make incredible

market deals (Lumpkin & Dess, 2001).

Grable and Lytton (1998) stated that education level of an entrepreneur

is most important factor in determining the kind of risk to be taken in the

business. Entrepreneurs with better education have greater aptitude when it

comes to demonstrating knowledge on making decisions such as acquisition,

assimilation, and transformation capability. Also, they are inclined to construct

dignified procedures in their operations in order to maximize benefits and

minimize losses as well as maintaining competitive advantage. In addition,

entrepreneurs are very good at maintaining personal relationship and

networks with trusted friends, family, colleagues, customers, suppliers,

accountants, local politicians and banks managers for the purpose of sharing

information and scarce resources for the survival of the business in the

competitive environment (Wang, 2010).

Zahra (2005) argued that the whole entrepreneurial process is

associated with risk taking which allows entrepreneurs to recognize the value

of business activities.

The entrepreneurs have the themes, the first theme where

entrepreneurship involves individuals with unique personality characteristics

and abilities. The second is the innovation theme which is characterized as

doing something new in the form of an idea, product, service, market, or

technology. The organization creation theme is the third theme which

describes the behaviors in organizations. The value creation theme is the

fourth theme which articulates that entrepreneurship creates value. Then there

is the profit theme which is concerned with whether entrepreneurship involves

profit-making organizations only. The next is the growth theme which

discusses on the importance of growth as a characteristic of entrepreneurship.

Seventh theme is the uniqueness theme which suggests that entrepreneurship

must involve uniqueness. The owner-manager theme suggests that

entrepreneurship involves individuals who are owners and managers of their

businesses (Wernerfelt, 1984).

This study concludes that a Muslimpreneur characteristic is an

important asset to be a successful entrepreneur. Taqwa is the most essential

characteristic of a successful Muslimpreneurs. Taqwa has been understood

from the literature as God consciousness or feeling fear and love of Allah

SWT. This study is supported by Yaacob et al., (2012) who claim Muslim

preneurs must have taqwa or faith to Allah SWT. The authors refer to the

decree of Allah in the Quran, “O you who have believed, shall I guide you to a

transaction that will save you from a painful punishment? Is that you believe

in Allah and His messenger and strive in the cause of Allah with your lives.

That is best for you, if you should know” Surah Al-Saff: 10-11.
 Scholars have suggested that one of the main themes in the Islamic

Entrepreneurship shall be the Islamic business ethics. Muhammad et. al

(2013) proposed in their study that when a business is clear of its core

purpose and values and aligns its brand, it is more likely to attract and keeps

talented people, reduce inefficiency and stress caused by conflicting

messages and also attract more clients, customers and also supplier who

deliver goods to the same high standards.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of the study. It includes the

research design, sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering

procedure, and statistical analysis.

Research Design

This study used quantitative research design to describe the socio-

demographic characteristics of the respondents and the positive attitudes of

Bangsamoro towards entrepreneurial in terms of a) marketing strategies, b)

financial management, and c) customer’s satisfaction.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the selected twenty-five (25)

Bangsamoro entrepreneur and twenty-five (25) customers from the

Municipality of Kabacan, Cotabato,

Sampling Procedure

The researcher used quota sampling method to determine the

respondents of the study. Quota sampling was because it suits to the design

of the study

Research Instrument

To obtain a valid and reliable data, this study used validated self-made

questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of two parts. Part I, the

socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the respondents and Part

II, was all about the positive attitudes of Bangsamoro towards

entrepreneurship in terms of a) marketing strategies; b) financial management;

and c) customer’s satisfaction.

Data Gathering Procedure

To facilitate the study, the researcher sent a permission letter to the

authority duly noted by the adviser. After the letter was approved, the
researcher distributed the questionnaire personally. The researcher explained

the questions to the respondents and asked their full cooperation on the

success of the research study. Finally, after the questionnaires were

answered, these were collected, checked and tabulated for convenient and

accurate interpretation and analysis of data. Rest assured that all data obtain

were kept its utmost confidentiality.

Statistical Analysis

The data gathered were analyzed through the use of descriptive

statistics using frequency counts, weighted mean, and percentages.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents and discusses the results gathered from the

duration of the study.

Socio – Demographic and Economic Characteristics of the Respondents

Table 1 shows the distribution of socio – demographic and economic

characteristics of the respondents in terms of gender, age, marital status,

tribe, educational attainment both western and madrasah education, type of

business, number of years in the business and monthly family income.

Age. The results reveal that 6 (12%) of the respondents are under the

age group below 18 years old; 10 (20%) are belonged to 19 – 25 years old; 16
(32%) are under the age bracket 26 – 30 years old; and 18 (36%) are under

the age group 31 years old and above. This implies that majority of the

respondents were under the age group 31 years old and above because they

already know how to handle their business and responsibilities.

Sex. It can be seen in the table that 18 (36%) of the respondents are

males and 32 (54%) are females. This implies that majority of the respondents

were females because most of the women are better at building deeper

relationships with customers than men.

Tribe. It can be seen in the table that 8 (16%) of the respondents are

Maranaos; 34 (68%) are Maguindanaons; 4 (8%) are Tausugs; and 4 (8%) are

Iranuns. This implies that majority of the respondents were Maguindanaons

because they know how to develop their knowledge and skills in

entrepreneurship.

Educational Attainment (Western Education). Out of the 50

respondents, 6 (12%) of them attained elementary level; 14 (28%) are

elementary graduates; 15 (30%) are secondary undergraduate; 6 (12%) are

secondary graduates; 5 (10%) are college level; and 4 (8%) are college

graduates. This implies that majority of the respondents were secondary

undergraduates because entrepreneurship is more important to them than

education.

Type of Business. It can be seen in the table that out 25 respondents,

18 (32%) of them are engage into textiles and clothing business; 14 (56%) are
into sari – sari store business; and 3 (12%) are engaged in other forms of

businesses. This implies that majority of them were engaged in sari – sari

store business because customer can afford the products and even for a small

amount you can buy something.

Number of Years in the Business. Out of the 25 owners of the

businesses, 1 (4%) of them run the business for less than 1 year; 8 (32%) run

their businesses for 1 – 5 years; 13 (52%) for 6 – 10 years; and 3 (12%) for 11

years and above. This implies that majority of the respondents engaged to

their respective business for 6 – 10 years.

Monthly Family Income. In terms of respondents’ family income, 8

(16%) of them have a monthly income of below 5000; 14 (28%) earned 5001 –

10000 in a month; 25 (50%) have a monthly income of 10001 – 20000; 2 (4%)

earned 20001 – 30000; and 1 (2%) earned 30001 and above every month.

This means that majority of the respondents have a monthly income 10001 –

20000.
Table 1. Socio – Demographic and Economic Characteristics of the
Respondents, Kabacan, Cotabato, February 2021.
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
CHARACTERISTICS
(n=50) (%)

Age
below 18 years old 6 12.00
19 – 25 10 20.00
26 – 30 16 32.00
31 and above 18 36.00
Sex
Male 18 36.00
Female 32 64.00
Tribe
Maranao 8 16.00
MaguindanaonI 34 68.00
Iranun 4 8.00
Tausug 4 8.00
Educational Attainment (Western
Education)
Elementary Level 6 12.00
Elementary Graduate 14 28.0
High School Level 15 30.00
High School Graduate 6 12.00
College Level 5 10.00
College Graduate 4 8.00
Type of Business
Textile and Clothing 8 32.00
Sari – sari Store 14 56.00
Others 3 12.00
Number of Years in the Business
Less than 1 year 1 2.00
1–5 8 32.00
6 – 10 13 54.00
11 and above 3 12.00

Monthly Family Income

Below 5, 000
8 16.00
14 28.00
25 50.00
5, 001 – 10, 000
2 4.00
10, 001 – 20, 000
1 2.00
20, 001 – 30, 000
30, 001 and above

2. Positive Attributes of Bangsamoro Towards Entrepreneurship in

Terms of

2a. Marketing Strategies

Table 2a shows the positive attributes of Bangsamoro towards

entrepreneurship in terms of marketing strategies. It can be seen in the table

that majority of the respondents were agreed on the 6 attitudes presented

towards entrepreneurship in terms of marketing strategies with an overall

grand mean of 4.12. According to Chen, Greene and Crick (1998),

entrepreneurship students have higher self-efficacy in marketing,

management, and financial control than the management and psychology

students.
 Taking it singly, statement number 2 “the entrepreneur knows the

appropriate products to be sold in the area” got the highest weighted mean of

4.73 and verbally described as very agree. This means that majority of the

respondents very agreed that every entrepreneur should know what are the

products or services that will meet the needs of the customers in a particular

locality. Business owners should consider the culture within the locality as well

as the trend of the time.

It is follow by statement number 1 “the entrepreneur knows the

prospect customers” which obtained a weighted mean of 4.60 and verbally

described as very agree. This means that majority of the respondents very

agreed that one of the positive attributes of an entrepreneur is knowing his

prospect customers. By doing this, entrepreneurs could provide services and

products which are suited to the needs and demands of their prospect

customers. And this will result into a more profitable business.

Further, statement number 6 “the entrepreneur knows how to market

their own product” got the next highest weighted mean of 4.17 and verbally

described as agree. This means that majority of the respondents agreed that

one positive attribute that an entrepreneur should possess is the ability to

market their products. By doing so, their business will develop and sooner or

later earn a big income.

It is then followed by statement number 5 “the products of the

entrepreneur are unique from competitors” obtained a weighted mean of 4.03

and verbally described as agree. This means the majority of the respondents

agreed that when a person is running a business, he should always bear in

mind that his products and services offered should be different to other

businesses. Thus, thinking to have unique products is one of the positive

attributes an entrepreneur must have. By doing this, competition between

businesses will be minimized. According to Shane & Venkataraman (2000),

entrepreneurship is an attitude that assigns different values to resources and

opportunities than does the general population and an attitude that

encourages creativity and innovation, changing the game, and being unique.

Next is statement number 4 “the entrepreneur knows how to attract

their customers about their products” got a weighted mean of 3.83 and

verbally described as agree. This means that majority of the respondents

agreed that every entrepreneur should be able to catch the attention of

customers. This only implies that businessmen should think of ways and

strategies that would help them attract the buying public.

Lastly, statement number 3 “the entrepreneur uses social media to sell

the product” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.33 and verbally

described as disagree. This means that majority of the respondents disagreed

that using the social media as a platform in advertising their products is not a

positive attribute of an entrepreneur. This contradicts to what is trending

nowadays. By the advent of technology, marketing the products online is

better than waiting the customers to walk in and buy some products.
 According to Burnett 2000, an effective marketing strategy will help you

define the overall direction and goal for marketing. Your strategy should

articulate how you are going to deliver your products or services in ways that

satisfy your customers.

Table 2a. Positive Attributes of Bangsamoro Towards Entrepreneurship

in Terms of Marketing Strategies, Kabacan, Cotabato, February 2021.
STATEMENT WEIGHTED VERBAL
MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. The entrepreneur knows

their prospect customers. 4.60 Very Agree

2. The entrepreneur knows the

appropriate products to be sold
in the area. 4.73 Very Agree

3. The entrepreneur uses social

media to sell the product. 3.33 Disagree

4. The entrepreneur knows how

to attract their customers about
their products. 3.83 Agree

5. The products of the entrepreneur

are unique from competitors. 4.03 Agree

6. The entrepreneur knows how to

market their own products. 4.17 Agree
OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 4.12 Agree
Legend:

1.00 – 1.49 Uncertain

1.50 – 2.49 Very Disagree

2.50 – 3.49 Disagree

3.50 – 4.49 Agree

4.50 – 5.00 Very Agree

2b. Financial Management

Table 2b presents the positive attributes of Bangsamoro towards

entrepreneurship in terms of financial management. The result revealed that

majority of the respondents were agreed on the six statements regarding fiscal

management in their business with an overall grand mean of 4.17.

Statement number 6 “the entrepreneur uses budgeting strategies to

avoid over spending” got a weighted mean of 4.83 and verbally described as

very agree. This means that majority of the respondents very agreed that they

are thinking of ways in budgeting their income to avoid over spending.

Statement number 5 “the entrepreneur has listings of financial

statement of their business” got a weighted mean of 4.77 and verbally

described as very agree. This means that majority of the respondents very
agreed that they are preparing financial statements in seeing the flow of their

businesses.

Statement number 4 “the entrepreneur knows the importance of saving

money” got a weighted mean of 4.50 and verbally described as very agree.

This means that majority of the respondents very agreed that having savings

is very significant in running a business.

Statement number 1 “the entrepreneur always reviews their daily

income” got a weighted mean of 4.40 and verbally described as agree. This

means that majority of the respondents agreed that they are having inventory

of their income every day.

Statement number 3 “the entrepreneur monitors the expenditures of

their business” got a weighted mean of 3.37 and verbally described as agree.

This means that majority of the respondents agreed that they are keep on

noting the cash flow of their businesses.

Statement number 2 “the entrepreneur attends financial management

seminar or alike” got a weighted mean of 3.17 and verbally described as

disagree. This means that majority of the respondents disagreed that they are

attending seminars or trainings which are related to fiscal management.

According to Bradley (2009), financial management is the area of

business management, devoted to a judicious use of capital and careful

selection of sources of capital in order to enable spending unit to move in the

direction of reaching its goals.

Table 2b. Positive Attributes of Bangsamoro Towards Entrepreneurship
in Terms of Financial Management, Kabacan, Cotabato, February 2021.
STATEMENT WEIGHTED VERBAL
MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. The entrepreneur always

reviews their daily income. 4.40 Agree

2. The entrepreneur attends

financial management seminar
or alike. 3.17 Disagree

3. The entrepreneur monitors the

expenditures of their business. 3.37 Disagree

4. The entrepreneur knows the

Importance of saving money. 4.50 Very Agree

5. The entrepreneur has listings

of financial statement of their
business. 4.77 Very Agree

6. The entrepreneur uses

 budgeting strategies to avoid
overspending. 4.83 Very Agree
OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 4.17 Agree

Legend:

1.00 – 1.49 Uncertain

1.50 – 2.49 Very Disagree

2.50 – 3.49 Disagree

3.50 – 4.49 Agree

4.50 – 5.00 Very Agree

2c. Level of Satisfaction of Customers on Businesses

Table 3 shows the level of satisfaction of customers on different

businesses. It can be seen in the table that majority of the respondents were

very satisfied of the services offered by different businesses within the

municipality with an overall weighted mean of 4.53.

Taking it singly, statement number 1 “the customer met the product’s

needs” got the highest weighted mean of 4.90 and verbally described as very

satisfied. This means that majority of the respondents were very satisfied with

the products of the entrepreneur because they met their needs.

It was followed by statement number 7 “the customer is satisfied in the

services given by the entrepreneur” got a weighted mean of 4.83 and verbally
described as very satisfied. This means that majority of the customers were

very satisfied with the services offered by the business establishments.

It was then followed by statement number 6 “the entrepreneur is

friendly and knows how to deal with the customers” got a weighted mean of

4.77 and verbally described as very satisfied. This means that majority of the

respondents were very satisfied with the how the owners of the businesses

treated their customers.

Next is statement number 4 “the products are of good quality and not

damaged” obtained a weighted mean of 4.73 and verbally described as very

satisfied. This means that majority of the respondents were very satisfied with

the products of the business establishments because of its quality.

Statement number 3 “the entrepreneur is responsive to the questions of

the customer” got a weighted mean of 4.73 and verbally described as very

satisfied. This means that majority of the respondents were very satisfied with

the response of the owners to any concern that customer is raising regarding

their products. This only shows that business owners are open to any concern

of the customers.

Statement number 2 “the value of products is suitable to the product

itself” got a weighted mean of 4.67 and verbally described as very satisfied.

This means that majority of the respondents were very satisfied with the

products of the business owners because the price of their products is fit to
the quality of the product itself. This further implies that the owners of these

business are giving the right price of the products.

Lastly, statement number 5 “the ambiance of the business store is

good” got the lowest weighted mean of 3.33 and verbally described as

unsatisfied. This means that majority of the respondents were unsatisfied with

the overall aura of the business establishments.

According to Gronholdtet et al., (2000), customer expectation is the

base for customer satisfaction. When performance of any organization meets

or exceeds the expectation, customers will be satisfied and they are likely to

do re purchase and recommend the products to others.

Table 3. Level of Satisfaction of Customers on Businesses, Kabacan,

Cotabato, February 2021.
STATEMENT WEIGHTED VERBAL
MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. The products meet the customers’

needs. 4.90 Very Satisfied

2. The value of the products is

suitable to the product itself. 4.67 Very Satisfied

3. The entrepreneur is responsive

to the questions of the customer. 4.70 Very Satisfied

4. The products are of good quality

and not damaged. 4.73 Very Satisfied

5. The ambiance of the business

store is good. 3.33 Unsatisfied
 6. The entrepreneur is friendly and
knows how to deal with the
customers. 4.77 Very Satisfied

7. The customer is satisfied in the

services given by the
entrepreneur. 4.83 Very Satisfied

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 4.53 Very Satisfied

Legend:

1.00 – 1.49 Uncertain

1.50 – 2.49 Very Unsatisfied
2.50 – 3.49 Unsatisfied
3.50 – 4.49 Satisfied
4.50 – 5.00 Very Satisfied
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This study was conducted to determine the positive attributes of

Bangsamoro towards entrepreneurship. Specifically, it sought to describe the

socio – demographic and economic characteristics of the respondents and

their positive attributes towards entrepreneurship in terms of marketing

strategies, financial management and customers’ satisfaction.

Quantitative research design was used in this study where 50

individuals, a combination of 25 business owners and 25 customers were

used as respondents of the study. A self – made survey questionnaire was

made to gather the necessary data and these were analyzed through the use

of descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, weighted means and

percentages.
 The results of the study were summarized as follows:

1. As to the socio – demographic and economic characteristics of the

respondents, 32 (54%) of the respondents were females; 18 (36%) were 31

years old and above; Maguindanaons; secondary undergraduates; sari – sari

store owners; run the business for 6 – 10 years and have a monthly income of

10001 – 20000.

2. As to the positive attributes of the respondents on entrepreneurship

in terms of marketing, it was found out that majority of the entrepreneurs

agreed on the given statement with an overall weighted mean of 4.12. further,

majority of the respondents disagreed that business owners use social media

to sell their products which obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.33. As to

the positive attributes of the respondents towards entrepreneurship in terms of

financial management, majority of the respondents agreed on the given

statements with an overall weighted mean of 4.17. further, majority of the

respondents disagreed that they are attending financial management

seminars which got the lowest mean of 3.17. As to the level of satisfaction of

the customers, it was found out that majority of the respondents were very

satisfied with the products and services of business establishments with an

overall weighted mean of 4.53.

Conclusion
 Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that owners of

the business establishments have positive attributes towards entrepreneurship

and customers were very satisfied of the products and services offered by the

establishments. It can also be concluded that business establishments are still

using the traditional method of running a business.

Recommendation

1. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations are form:

2. Business establishments should use social media in advertising their

products and services.

3. Business establishments should be presentable and organized to all

customers.

4. Business owners should attend seminars and trainings related to fiscal

management.
 5. The Department of Trade and industry should provide assistance to

microenterprises through providing Negosyo starter kit.

6. The Local Government Unit should have “LOAN NOW, PAY LATER”

program to help business establishments to have a bigger capital.

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Appendix A. Application for Research

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH ADVISER
Date: November 03, 2020

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Department of Islamic Studies
College of Middle East and Asian Studies
USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

Ma’am:

I would like to request that you will be my Research adviser effective 1 st and
2nd semester, SY 2020-2021. I intend to work on “POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF
BANGSAMORO TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP”.
 I am hoping for your most favorable approval on this request. Thank you very
much.

Very truly yours,

BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

Printed Name and Signature of Student

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL NOTED

HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Department Research Coordinator Department Chairperson
_______________ _______________
Date Date
APPROVED

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Adviser
____________________
Date

Appendix B. Application for Research Title

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
USM-EDR-F01- Philippines
Rev.3.2020.02.
APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH TITLE

Date: November 03,

2020

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Chairperson, Department of Islamic Studies

Ma’am:
 I would like to request your office to allow me to research on the study
entitled “POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF BANGSAMORO TOWARDS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP.”
The study has the following objectives:
1. to determine the socio-demographic and economic characteristics
of the respondents; and
2. to determine the positive attributes of Bangsamoro towards
entrepreneurship in terms of: a. marketing strategies, b. financial
management and c. customer’s satisfaction.

Very truly yours,

BAI SAMRA A.
MAMANSAL
Printed Name and Signature of Student

NOTED

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE ________________

Adviser Date

HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS ________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

SAIMA M. ANDIL, MAPD ________________

College Research Coordinator Date
REMARKS: _________________________
APPROVED

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE ________________

Department Chairperson Date
Appendix C. Estimated Budget of the Research
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
USM-EDR-F02-Rev.3.2020.02.24
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
ESTIMATED BUDGET OF THE RESEARCH

Title of Study “POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF BANGSAMORO TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP”.
 ITEMS/DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED COST
I. PERSONAL SERVICES
Bond Paper 5 reams
P650.00
Clips 10 pcs P50.00
Fare P600.00
Snacks P300.00
II. MAINTAINANCE AND OPERATING EXPENSES (MOE)
Adviser’s Fee P500.00
Panel’s Fee P300.00
Reproduction of Manuscript Binding P500.00
Grand Total P2,900.00

Prepared and submitted by:

BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

Printed Name and Signature of the Student
NOTED

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE ___________________________

Adviser Date

HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS ___________________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE ___________________________

Department Chairperson Date
Appendix D. Application for Thesis Outline
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPLICATION MANUSCRIPT DEFENSE
USM-EDR-F06-Rev.3.2020.02.24

Name BAI SAMRA A. MAMANSAL

Degree/Major BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES MAJOR IN HALAL FOOD
MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Thesis Title POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF BANGSAMORO TOWARDS
 ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Date of Examination MARCH 1, 2021
Time 9:00AM
Place

MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINING COMMITTEE

Name Signature Date
SAIMA M. ANDIL, MAPD ________________ _________________
HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS __________________ __________________
NORJAIDA D. MALIGA, MAEd __________________ __________________
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

Adviser
APPROVED:

_______________________________ SOFIA G. MOLAO, MPS-DE

College Statistician Department Chairperson
(Optional)

HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS

Department Research Coordinator

REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION

Name Signature Remarks
SAIMA M. ANDIL, MAPD __________________ __________________
HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS __________________ __________________
NORJAIDA D. MALIGA, MAEd __________________ __________________

APPROVED
HASIM K. ISKAK, MAIS
Department Research CoordinatoR
_______________________
Date

USM-EDR-F07-Rev.3.2020.02.24