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Very Small Dual Band-Notched Rectangular Slot Antenna With Enhanced Impedance Bandwidth
Very Small Dual Band-Notched Rectangular Slot Antenna With Enhanced Impedance Bandwidth
0018-926X © 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
4530 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 63, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015
inverted L-strip over a rectangular patch [13], circle-like slot anten- TABLE I
nas with a trident-shaped feed line [14], rotated square-shaped patch C OMPARISON OF S EVERAL UWB A NTENNAS W ITH
THE P ROPOSED A NTENNA
slot antenna [15] have been recently employed. However, the wide
bandwidth for UWB systems will cause interference with other nar-
row band systems such as the WLAN operating in 5.15–5.35 GHz
and 5.725–5.825 GHz bands and WiMAX operating in 3.3-3.7 GHz
band. Hence, filtering structures are required in UWB systems to avoid
these interferences. Since the use of external band-stop filter to reject
the interfering bands increases system’s complexity and size, therefore
design of UWB antenna with band-notched properties will be desired
not only to eliminate the destructive interference but also to omit the
need for an extra band stop filter. In this regard, different strategies
with band-notched properties have been recently investigated. One
general technique is to apply various shaped slots on the radiating
patch and ground plane [16]–[21]. Other main methods employ par-
asitic strips [22]–[26] and hybrid methods that apply a combination of
the mentioned techniques [27].
Although the size of the recently reported antennas has been rel-
atively reduced, their impedance bandwidth is limited and they have
only single band-notched properties, because their reduced size cannot
create another filtering structure [15], [22], [23], [26].
In this paper, a very small rectangular slot antenna with dual band- Proposed rectangular slot antenna. Dimensions (mm2 ): 15 × 15; fractional
notched properties and enhanced impedance bandwidth is proposed. bandwidth: > 160%.
Unlike the antennas reported in [5], [6], [11], [24], and [26], the pro-
posed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate and fed by III. R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSIONS
a CPW transmission line. By using the CPW feed line, misalign-
ment between the radiation patch and ground plane can be eliminated, In this section, the antenna with different design parameters is
because etching occurs only on one side of the substrate. Hence, created, and the simulated and measured results are presented and dis-
the antenna can be easily integrated with other RF microwave cir- cussed. Ansoft HFSS (high-frequency simulation structure) based on
cuits. Owing to the simple design, small size, CPW feed line, and the finite element method is used to perform the design process.
FR4 substrate, the manufacturing cost of the proposed antenna can
be remarkably reduced. Table I presents some beneficial data about
A. Full-Band UWB Rectangular Slot Antenna
the recently presented UWB antennas. Compared to the antennas men-
tioned in Table I, the proposed antenna has the smallest size. Moreover, The antenna design process begins by designing a simple UWB
the proposed antenna provides a very wide impedance bandwidth from slot antenna. In our design, a rectangular patch and slot with proper
2.6 to more than 23 GHz (more than 160%). This bandwidth is wider dimension are employed to create the proposed UWB antenna. The
than those that are reported in Table I [2]–[27]. physical size of the proposed antenna is very small, but the electrical
This simultaneously multitask feature (small size, very wide size measured in wavelength λ (the wavelength related to the first reso-
impedance bandwidth, and filtering structures) of the proposed antenna nant frequency of the band) is not so small. The electrical lengthening
has not been reported in previous designs. The proposed antenna allows the construction of smaller antennas. By suitably choosing the
features a small physical size of 15 × 15 mm2 , corresponding to wide slot and radiating patch shape and well tuning their dimensions,
an electrically size of 0.12λ at the lower edge of the frequency the electrical size of the proposed antenna can be increased to cover the
band. lower frequencies of the band. This design makes a better use of sub-
strate area and reduces the total size of the proposed antenna. In planar
slot antennas such as the proposed antenna in this paper, the lowest
II. A NTENNA D ESIGN
frequency is specified by the longest electrical length of the current.
Fig. 1 demonstrates the geometry of the proposed antenna structure. By employing a proper rectangular slot in the ground plane and reduc-
The antenna structure consists of a rectangular slot, a beveled rectan- ing the width of the ground strip which is surrounding the rectangular
gular patch, a pair of S-shaped slits etched in the ground plane, an slot, the longest current path is increased and hence the lowest reso-
elliptical ring slot (ERS) cut in the beveled rectangular patch, and two nant frequency is reduced, resulting in a better impedance matching at
semicircle slots with a radius of 0.75 mm etched in the ground plane. lower frequencies. By inserting two triangular notches with proper size
The proposed slot antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line in the corners of the rectangular radiating patch, very good impedance
and printed on an FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm, εr = 4.4, and characteristics are obtained. In the simple rectangular patch without
loss tangent 0.0018. The 50-Ω CPW feed line has a center strip width triangular notches, there is a keen and abrupt discontinuity in the con-
of 3 mm and a gap of distance 0.5 mm between the signal strip and nection point between the CPW feed line and the rectangular patch,
the finite coplanar rectangular ground plane. Design of the rectangu- where it can be an important factor for decreasing the bandwidth at the
lar slot is determined by minimizing the slot zone while satisfying this higher frequencies. By applying these triangular notches, a balance
aim that the input impedance is matched for the entire UWB band. between the vertical and horizontal electrical currents on the patch can
To achieve the single band-notched property, an ERS is inserted in be achieved and several resonances will be produced, and hence the
the beveled rectangular patch. The ERS width is uniform (= 0.8 mm) total bandwidth of the antenna with modified patch can be bettered.
along its length. Two S-shaped slits are added to the antenna structure To further enhance the bandwidth of the antenna, two semicircle
to obtain dual band-notched properties. The width of these slits, which slots are embedded in the both side of the CPW feedline on the ground
are connected to the rectangular slot, is fixed at 0.3 mm. plane as depicted in Fig. 1. The distance between the lower edge of
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 63, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015 4531
Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed slot antenna with dual band-notched function
(unit: millimeters).
Fig. 3. Surface current distributions on the antenna with (a) simple rectangular
patch, (b) beveled rectangular patch, and (c) beveled rectangular patch and two
semicircle slots in the ground plane, at 15.5 GHz.
IV. C ONCLUSION
In this paper, a very small and compact CPW-fed rectangular slot
antenna with dual band-notched properties at WiMAX and WLAN
frequencies has been presented and discussed. The results show that
by cutting the corners of the rectangular patch and inserting two semi-
circle slots in the ground plane, the bandwidth of the antenna can be
greatly improved and enhanced. It is also shown that by inserting an
ERS in the radiating patch and two S-shaped slits in the ground plane,
dual band-notched properties can be achieved.
Owing to the very small size, very wide impedance bandwidth,
and good radiation properties, the proposed antenna can be a good
candidate for the super wideband applications.
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Manuscript received October 27, 2014; revised March 09, 2015; accepted
June 29, 2015. Date of publication July 16, 2015; date of current version
October 02, 2015.
A. Tayebi is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI 48824 USA (e-mail: tayebiam@egr.msu.edu).
J. Tang, P. Roy Paladhi, L. Udpa, S. S. Udpa, and E. J. Rothwell are
with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this communication are
available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2015.2456939
0018-926X © 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.