ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE OF IBA

SENIO R HIGH SCHOOL

Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

Module No. 1_
Name:Howard Haboc Inclusive Dates:
Subject Teache r: Mrs. Zenaida D. Brusola Grade & Strand: 11 - STEM

"Kinetic Molecular Model of Solids and Liquids and Intermolecular Forces"

Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of the:
The properties of liquids and solids to the nature of forces between particles
Phase changes in terms of the accompanying changes in energy and forces between particles.

Performance Standard

The learner should be able to design a simple investigation to determine the effect on
boiling point or free::ing point when solid is dissolved in water.•0 o
O--

Formation Standard

"He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. " - Collossians 1:17

LEARNING TARGETS (MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES).

Check the column that best describes your assessment of your own learning relative to the given
learning targets.

I I lam
understand understand beginning
I do not
and I can and I can to
LEARNING TARGETS understand
teach do this by understand
yet
someone myself this with
else help
I can use the kinetic molecular
model to explain properties of
liquids and solids.
I can describe and differentiate
the types of intermolecular forces.
I can describe the following
properties of liquids, and explain
the effect of intermolecular forces
on these properties: suliace
tension, viscosity, vapour
pressure, boiling point, and molar
heat of vaporization.

Josie A. Suero
Genera li Ch emistry 2 Page 1 of9
Author
Subject Module 1
 ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE OF IBA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

I can explain the properties of

water with its molecular
structure and intermolecular
forces.
I can describe the difference in
structure of crystalline and
amorphous solids.
I can interpret the phase diagram
of water and carbon dioxide.

I can determine and explain the

heating and cooling curve of a
substance.

To make our learning more meaningful, here are some expectations from you as we journey
together on this module.

EXPECTATION FROM THE STUDENTS EXPECTATION FROM THE PARENTS

You are expected to: Your parents/guardians are encouraged to:
• Read everything carefully and thoroughly. • Provide a conducive learning
• Always follow the instructions. environment.
• Provide the materials needed for the
• Finish each activity before proceeding to the next.
activity.
• Take down notes using note taking strategy used • Monitor your progress in answering and
in the module. Process questions will always be performing learning tasks.
asked to check your understanding. • Give feedback/response on your
• Maximize your learning resources such as books, progress in answering and performing
and websites to help you work more efficiently and learning tasks.
to enhance your learning.
• Consult your teacher if you need to clarify or verify
something about an activity or exercises.
• Follow the schedule of the activities and remind
yourself of deadlines to submit. Read in advance
when necessary.

To keep us all healthy and always ready to learn, here are some of the "home mode
reminders", we can practice.
Eat a healthy diet as well as on time. The best is always vegetables, fish, and fruits. Drink plenty of water.
Wash your hands properly.
Participate in the household activities. Keep your room clean and in order.
Take time to have a little physical exercise with any family member, such as jogging, brisk walking, cycling etc.
Connect with your friends and classmates.
Plan a day. Learning the balance, playing and praying and the time of reflection. Always keep safe especially when you're going out.
Keep doing waste segregation.
Update yourself and on current affairs. Only trust reliable news and news sources.

Before you continue with this module, write a short personal prayer for wisdom and guidance.

Josie A. Suero Genera l Chemistry Page 2 of9

Author 2 Subject Module 1
 ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE OF IBA
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

Let's Get Started

All matter is made up of molecules and exist either as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. The physical
properties of any of these materials depend on the particles that are found in them.

Can you imagine water that flows? Then freezes? Then evaporates? Have you seen a
deflated tire being filled up with air? How does fuel bum? These reactions and many more properties
of substances are explained by the kinetic molecular model (KMM).

The KMM explains the properties of solids and liquids in terms of intermolecular forces of
attraction and the kinetic enerav of the individual oarticles.
Let us recall the properties of solids and liquids as explained by the kinetic molecular model by filling
up the table below: please refer to pages 4-5 of your textbook.

Table 1: The KMT of solids and liquids

Criteria Solid Liquid

Particle Arrangement
Packed tightly together Close together with no distinct arrangement

Movement

Vibrate Slide

Density

High High

DiffusibiIity
Very slow process Slow

Compressibility
None Slight

Volume and shape

Definite Volume Definite Volume
Definite shape Shape of container

Thermal Expansibility
Expand when heated Slightly expand when heated

The arrangement of particles in solids and liquids explains their different properties. The
particles in solid are closely packed and are not free to move, and they can only vibrate. Solids have
fixed volume and shape and have high density. On the other hand, liquid particles have sufficient
energy to overcome their attractive forces and the particles slide and roll on top of each other. Liquids
flow and have fixed volume but no fixed shape. Since they have density volume, the density of liquids
is lower than solids. Liquid particle also move slower than those of gases but faster than particles of
solids. Particles in liquid and solid be compressed only very slightly.

Intermolecular Force

There are some forces that exist in a collection of molecules. In liquids and solids, the
molecules interact and have a great influence on one another. The forces of interaction between
molecules are referred to as intermolecular forces or Van der Waals forces. It is the force of attraction

Josie A. Suero
General Chemistry 2 Page 3 of 9
Author
Subject Module 1
 ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE OF IBA
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

between neighbouring molecules. Intermolecular force hold molecules together making them solids,
liquids, or gases. The intermolecular forces are much weaker than ionic and covalent bonds but have
a strong influence on the melting point, boiling point and solubility of a substance.

To learn more about intermolecular forces, please read pages 6-8 of your textbook, then
answer the following map of main idea given below by gfving the different types of intermolecular
forces and explain each. An example is given for you.

HYDROGEN ION-DIPOLE
BONDS FORCES

LONDON
DISPERSION
FORCES

h molecules is also called a dipole, meaning two poles, negative and positive. Dipole-dipole interaction exist between polar molecules such
drogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom.

London Dispersion forces are the only forces acting in nonpolar molecules.

Josie A. Suero General i Chemistry 2 Page 4 of 9

Author Subject Module 1
 ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE OF IBA
SENIOR HICiH SCHOOL

Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

Try this out!

What type of intermolecular force will act in the following substances? Justify your answer.

1. Carbon dioxide - London Dispersion forces; Carbon Dioxide is a nonpolar molecule.

2. Oxygen as – London Dispersion Forces; molecule in nonpolar

3. Ammonia- Hydrogen bonds; contains a hydrogen atom bonded to N.
4. Hydrogen fluoride -Dipole-dipole forces; polar molecule

5. Water- Hydrogen bonds; Hydrogen Is polar and contains oxygen.

Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

The presence of the intermolecular forces results in special properties of liquids. The
physical properties of liquids depend on the type and nature of the different intermolecular forces.
The following are the special properties of liquids: surface tension, viscosity, vapour pressure,
boiling point and molar heat of vaporization.
To learn more aboutthe properties of liquids and intermolecular forces, please read pages 9-12 of
your textbook, then fill up the table below.
Table 2: Special Properties of Liquids
Properties Definition
1. Surface Tension The property fof a liquid to resist an external force and thus a lesser surface
area.

2. Viscosity The resistance of a liquid to flow.

3. Vapour Pressure The pressure exerted by its vapor when in equilibrium with its liquid or solid.

4. Boiling Point The temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the external or
atmospheric pressure.

5. Molar Heat of Vaporization The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a substance at its boiling
point.

Structure and Properties of Water

The formation of hydrogen bonds among water molecules causes water to possess unique
properties. These different properties are significant for life on earth. The following are the unique
properties of water as a consequence of the hydrogen bond..
1. It has high BP and exists as liquid at room temperature.

2. It has high specific heat which requires large amounts of heat before it vaporizes.

3. It is the only substance that contracts when cooled because of its more open structure in
the solid form.

4. It has high heat of vaporization. This causes a large drop in temperature during evaporation.

Josie A. Suero Genera li Ch emistry 2 Page 5 of9

Author Subject Module 1
 Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

Heating and Coolli ng Curves of a substance

Melting and vaporization require the absorption of heat. An increase in temperature causes
solid substance to change to liquid. At melting point both solid and liquid coexi;st and the
temperature remains constant. When alll of the solid has been converted to the liquid state,
temperature again rises as heat is continuously added. When the liquid is being converted to its
vapour, temperature again remains constant. This is called the boiling point. When all of the liquid
has been converted to vapour, temperature rises again.
In cooling curves, it starts with a hligh temperature where the substance is present in the
gas phase. Wlhen heat is released , the gas phase is converted to the l1i quid phase and hen to
solid phase. This is called the freez1in g point. When alll of the liquid has been converted to solid,
the temperature decreases again. The heating and cooling curves of a substance is determined in
a laboratory experiment where the increase and decrease of temperature of the substance is
recorded and then the results were plotted 1i n a graph and then interpreted .

Scaffold Activity #1

You are a researcher of manufacturing company of a volatile liquids, such as butanol,

ethanol and methanol. Your task is to find out the best container that can store the said chemicals. To
do this, you need to identify the intermolecular forces of these substances and relate the
intermolecular forces to the rate of evaporation of the substances. You need to relate also the kinetic
molecular model to the behaviour of the substances. You need to present your results through a
written report. Your report will be graded according to accuracy of content, planning and organization
and creativity.

RUBRICS:
Criteria Excellent (3) Satisfactory (2) Fair(1)

Accuracy of The content is complete Tlhe content is complete but The content is incomplete and
content and accurate inaccurate inaccurate

Planning and The report is well- Tlhe report is organized and not The report is not organized and
organization organized and planned planned not planned

Creativity The report is well The report is not so well The report needs improvement
presented and has a presented and no professional
professional touch touch

Congratulations, you had just finished your module 1! After studying our lesson , kindly write
the things you learned, found interesting and question as your learning summaries.
 You may now write down your learning summary for module 1 in paragraph
form. Include both the concepts learned and how you can apply them in your day-to-day
living. Your score for this narrative will be included in your portfolio rating.
 ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE OF IBA SENIOR HICiH SCHOOL

Learning Module in General Chemistry 2

Your 3rd Quarter Performance Task will be submitted along with your Module #4

effect of boiling point or freezing point when a solid is dissolved in water. You are ask to submit a laboratory report indicating the step by step procedure on how

Criteria Excellent (4) Satisfactory (3) Fair (2) Needs Improvement

(1)

Clarity of The report is The report is The report is The report is

content excellently explained explained with relatively clear but inaccurate and not
with clarity and clarity and accuracy inaccurate clear
accuracy

Organization The content is well- The content is The content is The content cannot be
logically arranged logically arranged logically arranged easily understand
and easy to and easy to but not easy to needs improvement
understand understand understand

Spelling and There are no There are few There are some There are many
grammar spelling and spelling and grammatical errors spelling and
grammatical error grammatical error grammatica l! errors

REFERENCES
• Bayquen, A. V., & Pena, G. T. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science Series, Senior High School
General Chemistry 2. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

• Buthelezi, T.; Dingrado, L.; et.al (2013). Glencoe Chemistry, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
• Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. (2016). Chemistry. (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill!
• Dasas, M. D. (2017). Exploring Life Through Science Series, Senior High School General
Chemistry 2. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
• Man with marker making checklist Premium Vector Cartoon. Retrieved from
https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/man-with-marker-making-checklist 8118062.htm, Date
retrieved July 28, 2020
• Morales J. (2020). Module Icon
• School Bag Vector Png, Transparent Png. Retrieved from
https://www.dlf.pt/ddetail/ixTioJJ school-bag-vector-png-transparent-png/, Date retrieved July 28,
2020
• Wkmikyhgz Digital Marketing Background Transparent PNG. Retrieved from,
https://www.subpng.com/png-nz73d6/, Date retrieved July 28, 2020

Josie A. Suero
Generali Chemistry 2 Page 9 of9
Author
Subject Module 1