CLASS: 10+2

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
FINAL ANSWER KEY 1 FOR MARCH 2021 EXAMINATION DATE: 04.03.2021

Section – A

Q1 MCQ

(i) a

(ii) c

no. of moles of glycerin=46/92 (where 92 is M.M. of glycerin)

=0.5moles
no. of moles of water=36/18(where 18 is M.M. of water)
=2moles
so mole fraction of glycerin=

𝟎.𝟓
= 𝟐+𝟎.𝟓
=0.20
(iii) c

(iv) d, For an ideal solution, ΔHmix=0; ΔVmix=0 , and it should obey Raoult's law.

(v) c, Prevent the breaking of eggs

(vi) a, As the size of halogen atom increases, the bond strength of H-X bond
decreases so tendency to give hydrogen increases resulting in increase in the
reducing power. So increasing order is

HF < HCl < HBr < HI

(vii) b, due to fully filled d orbitals

(viii) d , 2, 6. Primary valence is its oxidation number is +2 in this case and the Cl

ligands carry a -1 charge each with so Pt must be +2 balances.

Secondary valence is coordination number so ligand is bidentate with Cl is

monodentate. You could get 2(2) + 2(1) = 6, so the Pt has a coordination number

of 6.

(ix) a, Mg is present in chlorophyll which is a green pigment and is used in

photosynthesis in green plants.
(x) d, If bromine water is added to a solution of phenol in water, the bromine water
is decolorized and a white precipitate is formed which smells of antiseptic

(xi) b, Acetaldehyde and acetone both react with Grignard reagent to give
secondary and tertiary alcohols respectively.

(xii) a, because it have alpha hydrogen whereas the other compounds don’t.

(xiii) b

(xiv) b, Consider steric effect and electronic effect.The electron density at the
carbonyl carbon increases with the increase in the +I effect. As a result, the
chances of attack by a nucleophile decrease.

(xv) a ,Aniline is less basic because the lone pair of electron on nitrogen is less
available for protonation.It is delocalised into the Benzene ring by resonance. In
ethylamine ,no such delocalization is possible. The lone pair of electron on
nitrogen are available for donation to H+.It is therefore more basic.

(xvi) d, all points are correct.

(xvii) d, Protein

(xviii) a, Now, the α−D− glucose and β−D−glucose are non-superimposable as they
do differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at carbon 1 but they are not the
exact mirror image of each other. Thus, they are not enantiomers.

(xix) True

(xx) True

(xxi) False, The Ketone with the minimum number of carbon is Propanone which
contains 3 carbon atoms.

(xxii) False, In aromatic amines, the −NH2 group is attached to a −C6H5 group,
which is an electron withdrawing group. So, the availability of a lone pair of
electrons on N is decreased. Therefore aliphatic amines are more basic than
aromatic

(xxiii) True, bromine water is mild oxidizing agent and oxidation of glucose with
bromine water to gluconic acid shows that the carbonyl group in glucose is
aldehyde group.

(xxiv) Adsorption can be defined as a process in which material (adsorbate)

travels from a gas or liquid phase and forms a superficial monomolecular layer on
a solid or liquid condensed phase (substrate).

(xxv) The adsorption is reversible, if the adsorbent can be easily removed from the
surface of the adsorbent by physical methods. It is called irreversible adsorption,
if the adsorbate can not be removed from the surface of the adsorbent. A gas
adsorbed on a solid surface can be completely removed in vacuum. It is, therefore,
reversible adsorption. Examples of irreversible adsorption are adsorption of
oxygen on tungsten adsorbate and adsorption of CO on tungsten surface.

(xxvi) Adsorption of oxygen on tungsten.

(xxvii) Physical absorption — A non-reactive process e.g. when oxygen present in

air dissolves in water. The process depends on the liquid and the gas, and on
physical properties like solubility, temperature and pressure. Chemical absorption
— A chemical reaction takes place when the atoms or molecules are absorbed.

(xxviii) a substance that is adsorbed.

SECTION B

2. Moles of glucose = 18 g/ 180 g mol–1= 0.1 mol

No of kg of solvent = 1 kg
therefore, molality of glucose solution = 0.1 mol kg-1
For water, change in boiling point
Tb = Kb × m = 0.52 K kg mol–1× 0.1 mol kg–1= 0.052 K
Since water boils at 373.15 K at 1.013 bar pressure, therefore, the boiling point of
solution will be 373.15 + 0.052 = 373.202 K.

OR

depression in freezing point, ∆Tf = 0.65 K

step-by-step explanation :

STEP 1. CALCULATING THE MOLALITY

mass of the solute = 10 g
Molar mass of the solute( CH3CH2CHClCOOH )
= (12×4)+(1×7)+(35.5)+(16×2)
= 48 +7+ 35.5 +32
= 122.5 g/mol

Now,
MOLALITY
= (mass of solute/molar mass of solute)/Mass of solvent in Kg
= 10 g/(122.5 g/mol)(0.25 Kg)
m = 0.326 mol / Kg

STEP 2. CALCULATING VAN'T HOFF FACTOR (i)

total no. of moles after dissociation
= (1- α) + 2•α
= 1+α

Van't Hoff Factor,

(i) = total no. of moles after dissociation/no. of moles before dissociation
=> (i) = (1+α)/1
=> (i) = 1+α
=> (i) = 1+ 0.065
=> (i) = 1.065

STEP 3. CALCULATING DEPRESSION IN FREEZING POINT

∆ T f = i • Kf • m
= (1.065) × (1.86 K kg/mol) × (0.326mol/kg)
=> ∆ Tf = 0.65 K
3. a. Molal depression constant: The depression in freezing point in a solution in
which 1 gm mole of solute dissolved in 1000 gm of solvent is known as molal
depression constant represented by Kf.
b. A high quantity of salt in food results in the fluid retention i.e., increase of
water content in the body.

4. Zero order reaction : concentration/time or M/s

First order reaction : s-1

5. a. The tailing of mercury is the reaction of mercury with ozone due to which
mercury loses its meniscus and it starts sticking to the walls of the thermometer
due to the formation of the mercurous oxide. The meniscus can be restored by
shaking with water.

b. Because noble gases outer shells are full, they are extremely stable, tending not
to form chemical bonds and having a small tendency to gain or lose electrons. ...
Overall, noble gases have weak interatomic forces, and therefore very low boiling
and melting points compared with elements of other groups.

OR
Acidic strength ∝ Oxidation number
Increasing acid strength due to an increase in the oxidation state of the central atom.
HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4
+1 +3 +5 +7
6. Cr2+ is reducing agent as its configuration changes from d4to d3, when it is
oxidized to Cr3+. On the other hand, the reduction of Mn3+ to Mn2+ results in the half-
filled (d5) configuration which has extra stability hence Mn3+ acts as oxidizing agent

7. In the molecule of oxygen, the two oxygen atoms are linked to each other by
double bond (O=O) i.e., one sigma bond formed by axial overlap and one pi-bond
formed as a result of sidewise overlap.
8. Although copper has 3d10 configuration, it can lose one electron from this
arrangement. Hence, Cu+2 has 3d9configuration. So according to the definition that
transition metal cations have partially filled (n-1)d subshell, copper can be
regarded as a transition metal.
9. Ambidentate ligand is a type of ligands which have the ability to bind to the central
atom via the atoms of two different elements. Examples: thiocyanate ion(NCS–)
which can bind to the central metal atom or ion with either nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
Chelating Ligand is a type of a ligand that is attached to a central metal ion by bonds
from two or more donor atoms.
10. This principle is known as Kohlrausch's law of independent migration, which
states that in the limit of infinite dilution, each ionic species makes a contribution to
the conductivity of the solution that depends only on the nature of that particular ion,
and is independent of the other ions present.

11. ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]0

OR

Half life of 1st order reaction (t½)

= 0.693/K = 2 min
where k is the rate constant.
=> K = 0.693/2 = 0.3465
By Rate law
=> K = 2.303 × log [a/a-x] /t
=> (t¼)= 2.303 × log[a/(a-0.25a)]/0.3465
=> (t¼) = 2.303×log(4/3) /0.3465
=> (t¼) = 0.83 min = 49.81 sec

SECTION C
12. k = (2.303/50) log (100/60) k = 0.010216 min-1
Hence the value of the rate constant is 0.010216 min-1
t = (2.303 / 0.010216) log (100 / 20) t = 157.58 min

13.

14. a. he realized that the first ionization energy of oxygen 1175 kJ/mol and Xe 1170
kJ/mol is almost the same. Thus he tried to prepare a compound with Xe and PtF6.

b.
In XeF4 the hybridization is sp3d2. Geometry is octahedral and shape is
square planar. The hybridization of Xe in XeOF2 is sp3d and structure is T-
shaped having the 2 lone pairs and oxygen atom in the equatorial position
and the two F atoms at the axial position

15. In ethers (R-O-R) there are two lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom
which is responsible for ethers to have a bent geometry. Since ether with the
two alkyl groups similar do not have a linear geometry , thus the dipole
moment vectors do not cancel each other

b. There is a reaction between the diazonium ion and the phenoxide ion and a
yellow-orange solution or precipitate is formed. The product is one of the
simplest of what are known as azo compounds, in which two benzene rings
are linked by a nitrogen bridge.

Distillation of phenol with zinc-dust gives benzene and ZnO as a side-product.

OR
∙ As alcohol is a polar solvent. It form Hydrogen Bond with water molecules
while other hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses does not
form Hydrogen Bond due to being non - polar. Hence Alcohol is more
soluble in water.

∙ Ortho nitro phenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol. This is

because the nitro-group is an electron-withdrawing group. The presence
of this group in the ortho position in ortho nitro phenol decreases the
electron density in the O−H bond. As a result, it is easier to lose a proton.
∙ The acidic substance has the tendency to produce H+ion when dissolved
 in water. Both phenol and ethanol weak acid. However, the acidity of
phenol is more than that of ethanol. This is because after losing a
proton, the phenoxide ion undergoes resonance & gets stabilized
whereas ethoxide ion does not.

SECTION D

16. Ongoing from titanium to copper, atomic radii keeps decreasing, i.e,
volume keeps decreasing but the mass increasing simultaneously. So density
will increase in both the cases by increasing mass and decreasing volume.
Therefore density keeps increasing from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29)
Transition metals have partially filled d- orbitals so they can easily withdraw
the electrons from the reagents or give electrons to them depending on the
nature of the reaction. They also have a tendency to show large no. of
oxidation states and the ability to form complexes which makes them a good
catalyst.

OR

Cu metal in the first transition series (3d series) shows +1 oxidation state
most frequently. This is because the electronic configuration of Cu is 3d10
4s1and after losing one electron, it acquires the stable 3d10 fully filled
electronic configuration.
Sc3+=3d04s0(No unpaired electron), V3+=3d24s0(2 unpaired electrons).Thus,
only V3+and Mn2+are coloured because they have unpaired electrons.

17. SN2 reaction involves the approaching of the nucleophile to the carbon
atom to which the leaving group is attached. When the nucleophile is
sterically hindered, then the reactivity towards SN2 displacement decreases.

The -I effect of chlorine withdraws electrons from the benzene ring. Hence
tends to destabilize the intermediate carbocation formed during the
electrophilic substitution. Conversely Cl donates its lone pair of electrons
to the aromatic ring and hence increase the electron density at ortho and
para positions.

OR

Ullmann reaction
Hunsdiecker reaction

Hoffman ammonolysis reaction

balz schiemann reaction

Sandmayer reaction

By Head Office,
PPPP Science Sen. Sec. State Team