DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

(NITK)

LAB SUBMISSION ON
Young’s Modulus and Rock Burst Liability Index

Submitted By
Ankesh Pandey
(181MN002)

Submitted To
Dr Sandi Kumar Reddy
AIM
To estimate the young’s modulus and rock burst liability index of a given rock sample.

APPARATUS
Rock sample ( massive ) , UCS machine , dial gauges of suitable least count , vernier
callipers etc.

THEORY
Young’s Modulus is defined in classical rock mechanics and materials science literature
as the ratio of Stress to strain up to the elastic limit. The young’s modulus of a sample
gives us an indication of how the strain in a rock responds to change in stress acting on
it. In the case of rockbursts , which are defined as a violent expulsion of rock from the
walls of a mine opening caused by heavy pressure on brittle rocks in deep mines where
mining has deprived the rock of support on one side by These take place due to the large
amounts of strain energy being released when a rock sample has been unloaded. An
understanding of the young’s modulus allows us to estimate the stress-strain curve and
thereby utilise it to observe how energy released during unloading induces rockbursts in
rock.

By accurately identifying the strains at various stresses we can plot a curve of stress vs
strain and thereby obtain the Young’s Modulus from this curve. The samples are loaded
prior to UCS , which is obtained from literature and previous experiments.

In order to estimate the rock burst liability index , we need to find the ratio of energy
released during deformation to the energy still present in the rock as can be seen from
the graph below.

Further, using this index we can infer following based on literature review :
● RBLI < 2 => Not Prone to Rock Burst
● 2 < RBLI < 5 => Slight Proneness to Rock Burst
● RBLI > 5 => Hight Proneness to Rock Burst

Graph Indicating Energy released during Loading and Unloading

 Young’s Modulus Experiment Setup

PROCEDURE
In order to estimate the young’s Modulus and rock burst liability index , the following
steps will be undertaken :

Young’s Modulus

● Obtain a sample of a given rock and measure it for any inconsistencies as per ISRM
suggested guidelines.
● Place the sample in a UCS testing machine and ensure that the strain gauge
measures 0 in the beginning.
● Slowly in small increments , increase the loading acting on the sample and observe
the strain for each increment of load.
● Repeat till the sample fails.
● The deformation would be = Dial gauge reading * Least Count.
● The young’s modulus is the slope of the stress - strain curve till elastic limit.

Rock Burst Liability Index

● In a similar fashion to above , set up the sample in a UCS machine and perform
initial checks.
● Load the sample upto 70% of its UCS and measure the dial gauge value for each
stress increment.
 ● After reaching 70% , start to slowly unload in the same fashion only in reverse
order as before.
● Measure the dial gauge value accurately for this case as well.
● Draw a graph of both loading and unloading stage of stress - strain curves.
● Find the ratio of strain energy released during unloading to strain energy left in the
sample. This gives us the Rock burst liability index.

OBSERVATION
The data obtained after performing the tests on the rock sample below are - ( Sandstone
Rock )

● Sample Diameter = 150 mm

● Sample Length = 300 mm

● Young’s Modulus :-

Table 1 : Observation Table

SL.No Load(KN) Dial Gauge Deformation Stress(Mpa)

Reading (Strain)

1 50 0.0 0.0 2.8

2 100 0.0 0.0 5.6

3 150 0.0 0.0 8.4

4 200 0.1 0.0003 11.31

5 220 0.15 0.0005 12.44

6 230 0.18 0.0006 13.01

7 235 0.20 0.0006 13.35

8 240 0.23 0.0007 13.58

9 245 0.25 0.0008 13.86

10 250 0.3 0.001 14.14

 Table 2 : Statistical Analysis

Sl No Young’s Modulus(Y) (Y-mean) (Y-mean)^2

{(kg/cm^2)*10^5}

1 0.37 0.15 0.0225

2 0.24 0.02 0.0004

3 0.21 -0.02 0.0004

4 0.22 0.0 0.0

5 0.19 -0.03 0.0009

6 0.17 -0.05 0.0025

7 0.14 -0.08 0.0064

● Rock Burst Liability Index :-

Table 3 : Observation Table

Loading Unloading

Sl. No Load Stress Dial Deform Strain Dial Deformatio Strain

(kN) Gaug ation Gaug n
e e

1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 0.17 0.0005

2 100 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 0.17 0.0005

3 150 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 0.17 0.0005

4 200 11.31 0.1 0.1 0.0003 0.18 0.18 0.0006

5 220 12.44 0.15 0.15 0.0005 0.18 0.18 0.0006

6 230 13.01 0.18 0.18 0.0006 0.22 0.22 0.0007

7 240 13.58 0.23 0.23 0.0007 0.27 0.27 0.0009

8 250 14.14 0.3 0.3 0.001 0.3 0.3 0.001

PRECAUTIONS
● Ensure the curve is smooth enough for accurate estimation.
● Ensure the rock sample is free from any major defects prior to testing.
● Check the strain gauge for zero error and note down the reading with utmost
precision.

RESULT
● Young’s Modulus of given rock sample is 0.22*10^5 (kg/cm2) .
● Rock burst Liability Index of the given sample is 1.33 .