Contents

• Introduction
• Allowable weld Defects
• Load Applied on various type of Welds
• Computation of Stress in Weld
• Code requirement for Statically loaded structure
• References
Introduction
• Static loading is a load that doesn’t change over time. It also refers to the load on an
actuator when it is fixed or in stationary condition. e.g. The weight of the building acting on
the ground.
• Whereas dynamic load is the load on an actuator which having high rate of load
fluctuation. It requires high factor of safety than static loading. e.g. Weight of moving car on
bridge
• Permissible stress is ratio of maximum allowable stress to factor of safety (FOS).

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠(𝑈𝑇𝑆)

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝐹𝑂𝑆
Permissible stress depends on

 The loading conditions i.e. static, dynamic, alternating pulsating, etc.

 The type of weld i.e. groove weld, fillet weld, etc.

 The shape of the weld i.e. convex or concave weld

 The surface finish of the weld i.e. as welded, ground or machined, etc.

 The method of producing the weld, and the nature of any treatment applied afterwards, i.e.

welding procedure post weld heat treatment, peening, etc.

Allowable weld defects
Serial
Weld defects Acceptance Criteria
No.
1. Crack Weld shall have no crack
2. Weld / Base metal fusion Thorough fusion shall exist between WM/BM and
adjacent layers of WM
3. Crater Crater to be filled to full cross section except for
stitch welds outside effective Length
4. Weld profile In conformance with sketch
5. Underrun Underrun in fillet weld nominal size 1.6 mm provided
it is < 10% length. In Web to flange welds, it is not
permitted
 Serial
Weld Defect Acceptance Criteria
No.
5. Undercut In static loading, 1 mm permitted for t<25 mm and
1.6 mm in t>25mm. For t<25 mm, Max 1.6 mm
permitted for accumulated 1 of 50 mm of weld
length
6. Porosity In complete joint penetration butt joints transverse
to tensile stress, no visible piping porosity permitted
in static loading
For all other groove welds and for fillet welds, the
sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. (1 mm) or
greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. (10 mm)
in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4
in. (20 mm) in any 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld.
Load Applied on various type of Welds