Network Basics

IPAddress
Netmask
Gateway
DNS SERVER IP(If any)
Hostname
TCP/IP Service ON

Standard TCP/IP facilities include: mail, file transfer, remote login, remote execution, and
remote printing
A number of AIX applications use TCP/IP:
– Network File System (NFS)
– Network Information Services (NIS)
– Domain Name Service (DNS)
– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
– Network Computing System (NCS)
– Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)
– X Windows and AIXWindows
– Tivoli Netview for AIX 1
# smitty mktcpip

2
3
Important Command Related to Networking

In aix, physical device is defined as entX and logically defined as enx.

# lsdev -Cc adapter | grep -i ent
# ifconfig –a (get the ipaddress)
#ping <ipaddress> (Check connectivity)
#hostname (get hostname of current system)
#host <hostname> (get ip address of the hostname)
#lsattr –El ent0/en0 (get complete information about hardware)
#netstat –nr (get complete network flow)

4
EtherChannel / Teaming / Bonding

5
6
7
8
9
10
# ethchan_config
11
Disk Administration & AIX Storage

Components Of AIX Storage

 Files
 Directories
 File systems
 Logical Storage
 Physical Storage
 Logical Volume Manager(LVM)

As a user, works with files and directories.

As System Administrator, you have to work with other as well.

Disk Administration, Backup and Recovery.

12
 Traditional Unix Disk Storage
DISK PARTITIONING

/boot - 1GB
/ - 10GB
/home - 5GB
Swap - 2xRAM

Problems:
• Fixed partitions
• Expanding size of the partition
• Limitation on size of a file system and a file
• Contiguous data requirement
• Time and effort required in planning ahead

13
 AIX Logical Volume Manage (LVM)

To overcome from the constraints

with traditional UNIX disk storage
have been virtually eliminated in AIX
with the addition of the Logical
Volume Manager.

Logical Volume Manager

components
Volume group (VG) VOLUME GROUP [VG]
Physical volume (PV) LOGICAL PHYICAL
VOLUME [LV] VOLUME [PV]
Physical partition (PP)
Logical volume (LV)
Logical partition (LP)

14
 LVM In Use & Its Benefits
hd4 with jfs2

FS Block
(size=4096)
/
LV Block
(size=4096)

LPs = PPs Logical Volume [ LV – hd4 for / ]

nLPs != nPPs PP20 PP21

LP01 LP02

PP40 PP41
15
Benefits……
 Logical volumes solve non-contiguous space problems
 Logical volumes can span disks
 Logical volume sizes can be dynamically increased
 Logical volumes can be mirrored
 Physical volumes are easily added to the system
 Logical volumes can be relocated
 Volume group and logical volume statistics can be collected
These tasks can be performed dynamically!
Limits
Volume Group Max PVs Max LVs Max PPs per Max PP
Type VG Size
Normal 32 256 32512 ( 1 GB
1016 * 32)
Big 128 512 130048 1 GB
(1016 * 128)
Scalable 1024 4096 2097152 128 GB
16
Procedure…….

• Identify the physical volumes/ hdisk’s, unused.

• Create Volume group as per requirement
(Define Normal, Big, Scalable volume)
• Create Logical Volume as per requirement
• Create File system on Logical Volume with specified parameter
• Mount the file system with mount point

Identify the physical volumes / hdisk’s, unused

#lspv

17
Check volume groups in os
# lsvg

Create Volume Group in OS

#mkvg -y <vg name> -S <pv name>

18
Important Options
-y [to define volume group name, if not use this option by default system
nomenclature ]
-S [ Scalable volume group ]
-B [ Big Volume group ]
-v [ No of logical volume, default is 256 and can be defined as multiple to 2
with 256]
-V [Major number]

Physical volume get assigned unique pvid.

Check the properties of volume group
#lsvg exvg

Create Logical Volume

#mklv –y <logical volume> –t <logical type name> <volume group> <no. of PPs>

20
Check Logical volume is created or not
#lsvg –l <volume group name>

Create the file system on logical volume

# crfs -v <filesystem> -d <logical volume name> -m <mount point> -A <mount after restart
(yes) or not (no)

Mount the filesystem to make it use

#mount <logical filesystem> <mount point>

21
If crfs command uses “–A yes” then entry committed to /etc/filesystems file, so that
at the time of booting it get effected/mount.
#cat /etc/filesystems
!! At the end of the file entry append!!

22
Check mounted filesystem
#df -tg

23
Use mount command
#mount

24
Points to remember……
Log logical volume stores all activity of logical volume helps to keep consistency of
logical volume. For best practice, keep log logical separate.

25
Define the log lv while formating the lv
#crfs –v <filesystems type –d <logical volume name> -a log=<log lv> –m <mount point> -
A yes

Then mount the filesystem

#mount <lv full path> <mount point>
Check the correct log lv is assigned or not
#mount
26
Delete Logical Volume
#rmfs <file system name>

27
Using rmfs <filesystem> removes entry from /etc/filesystems also

rmfs command only removes lv belongs to /etc/filesystems, to remove lv

Use rmlv command to delete the lv not belongs to /etc/filesystems file

#rmlv <logical volume name>

28
Resizing of Logical volume
#extendlv <lv name> <additional #no. of PP’s>
e.g. # extendlv newlv 64
Then need to resize the filesystem
#chfs –a size=<new size> <filesystem name>
e.g. # chfs -a size=12G /newdata
Else,
Directly use chfs command to reduce/increase the lv and filesystem at a time
#chfs –a size=+<size M|G> <filesystem name>
e.g. # chfs -a size=+2G /newdata
# chfs -a size=-2G /newdata

Note : If try to decrease the size greater than the available/free size than it shows error as
“chfs: 0506-964 There is not enough free space to shrink the file system.”

More on logical volume….

29
Volume Group
Resizing volume group
#extendvg <volume groupname> <physical volume>
e.g. # extendvg exvg hdisk4

Reducing volume group

#reducevg –d <volume group name> <physical volume>
e.g. # reducevg -d exvg hdisk4
Clear the pvid from the disk
e.g. # chdev -l hdisk4 -a pv=clear

Unuse the volume group

#varyoffvg <volume group> (make sure non of the lv’s are mounted while doing
varyoffvg)
e.g. # varyoffvg exvg
Check the status using lspv command, remove from OS level
#exportvg <volume group>
# exportvg exvg
30
OS Mirroring & Cloning Concept Overview
When OS installed with default setting, rootvg is the volume group only created with
single disk or physical volume.

As administrator, need to do mirror the rootvg help disk failure/failover.

Proper steps need to follow.

1. Extend the volume group with new physical volume
2. Mirror the volume group data of old physical volume with new physical volume.
3. If need define as the boot volume.

#mirrorvg <vg> <pv>

#bosboot –ad hisk1 (creating boot image in 1st sector of disk)
#bootlist –m normal –o (gives the current bootlist information)
To add the disk permanently to the bootlist
#bootlist –m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
To list the current bootlist information
#bootlist –m normal –o

31
#lsvg –l rootvg

32
 AIX Booting Process

Physically, LED panel

provides information on the
boot progress.

For LPAR, hmc provides

information on the boot
progress.

Power-on Self Test (POST)

33
Bootstrap code

Once the POST is completed, the system locates and loads bootstrap
code.

This stage is completed by System Read Only Storage (System ROS)

stored in the firmware of power system. System ROS is generic boot
information for the machine and is operating system independent.
Service process is up and running.

In AIX, locates, loads and turns control over to the AIX boot logical
volume (BLV). Software ROS is AIX information, enable it to start an AIX
kernel.
AIX kernel is then loaded and takes control. kernel completes the boot
process by configuring devices and starting the init process
AIX uses a default run level of 2

34
INITTAB FILE (/etc/inittab)
Format of the line: id:runlevel:action:command

35
IMPORTANT

# bootinfo –p
rs6k MCA model
rspc PCI model (POWER Reference Platform)
chrp PCI model (Common Hardware Reference)
# bootinfo –y
32 32-bit
64 64bit

#alog -o -t boot
#lssrc –a
#lssrc -g <group subsystem>
#startsrc -s <subsystem>
#refresh –s <subsystem>
#stopsrc –s <subsystem>
# shutdown [Option…]
36
 OS PERFORMANCE & HEALTH CHECKUP

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

LOAD AVERAGE
#uptime
shows the load average in the last minute, five minutes, and
fifteen minutes

#ps aux <--shows CPU and memory usage of processes

37
#time
It shows CPU time spent in user mode, and in system mode and the real time (elapsed
time) to execute it.

#sar –P ALL 1 2

38
#sar –A 1 2 -- to get complete hardware performance state

#mpstat

39
#tprof -x cfgmgr -- create report of command

40
#iostat -- IO device status

Memory
#ps –ef
#svmon

41
#nmon -- Complete system monitor

t- topas d-disk n-network stat c-cpu m-memory h-help

42
#topas -- live system monitoring

43
Some More Command

#netstat –i shows statistic of all defined network interfaces

#netstat –m network memory statistics
#netstat –v show many statistical informatoins about interfaces
#netstat –D shows input and output statistcs at each layer
#netstat -I en0 2 shows traffic across that interface in 2 seconds
intervals
#netstat –a shows information about sockets
#netpmon monitors and reports statstics on network
#no –a shows network options
#errpt
#errpt -a

44
 Backup & Restore
MKSYSB rootvg complete os backup
#mksysb -i /testfs/mksysb.0709 creates an installable image of the
rootvg
#mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 creates an installable image of the rootvg in
tape
# lsmksysb -V -f /dev/rmt0
# listvgbackup -f /testfs/mksysb.0709 –r
/etc/resolv.conf restores the file /etc/resolv.conf from the
specified backup

BACKUP – RESTORE (for file system)

#find /bckfs -print | backup -i -f /dev/rmt0 backup all the files and
subdirs
# restore
45
SAVEVG – RESTVG (For Volume Group)

#savevg -f /bckfs/backup.0709 prod1vg

backs up all files belonging to prod1vg to the specified file

#restvg -f /bckfs/backup.0709 <hdiskname>

restores the vg and all the files what have been saved with
savevg to specific hdisk

46
HACMP CLUSTER BASIC

KA = Keep Alive
47
THANK YOU !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

48