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 INTRODUCTION:

Rural development has been the core focus of the Bangladesh economic policies since her
independence. The rural sector is pivotal to the country’s economic, social and political
development. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh makes firm commitment
for the development of majority and the under-privileged classes. As committed in the
constitution, the development of the local government bodies will be encouraged and there will
be representation of farmers, labourers and women in these bodies as far as possible. There
are promises to remove rural-urban disparity through the development of
agriculture, cottage and rural industries, rural electrification, development of transport
and communication and public health. There are also promises to improve nutritional level
and public health, and ensure equal opportunity for all and equitable distribution of resources.
So, According to the constitution on Republic of Bangladesh Rural Development is a necessary
issue. In recent times there are various development activities comes out in Bangladesh. It is
clear that Rural Development will aim at improving the quality of life of rural people, achieving
economic prosperity including generation of employment, attaining comprehensive
development of the villages and progressively removing the disparity in the standards of living
of rural and urban areas .Thus, Rural development can be understood as the unfolding of
capitalism in rural areas, and as that package of policy and project interventions that aim to
foster socio-economic change and human improvement in rural areas. ‘Rural development’
thus addresses general issues of agrarian change, peasant economy, and rural politics. Other
writing, more applied in focus, addresses project impacts on rural people and environments,
asking how these impacts might be improved and enhanced. We know that the economy of
Bangladesh largely depended on the rural sector performance in the early development stage
for agricultural input and output hence the country’s export earnings .The rural sector plays a
pivotal role in the country’s economic growth, social and political development.

Hence, rural development continues to be an important agenda to the country’s development

effort.

Keywords: Rural Development ,Poverty, Education ,Industry ,Technology, Agriculture Etc.

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 History of Rural Development of Bangladesh:

Before emerging as an independent state in 1971, Bangladesh had some forms of rural
development institutions e.g village-based governments whose origin can be traced back to
ancient times.

Bangladesh, since her birth, witnessed ceaseless experimentation with varied rural
development approaches. In the initial years after independence a number of voluntary and
public agencies worked to build up the war-torn economy and society primarily in the form of
relief and rehabilitation work. In 1972, the government activated the Integrated Rural
Development Programme (IRDP) to replicate and expand the Comilla Model in other parts of
the country. Later the programme was transformed into an institution called Bangladesh Rural
Development Board (BRDB). The BRDB eventually became the largest government organisation
involved in rural development. Its main activities include rural poverty alleviation and
production oriented schemes, expansion of the two-tier cooperatives, and target group
oriented projects such as the rural women project, rural poor project, and agricultural
development project. The Swanirvar (self-reliance) Movement, a government patronised rural
development scheme, was launched in 1975. Distinctive features of the movement were the
shift of focus of rural development intervention from thana to village level, formation of the
institution of Gram Sabha or village assembly consisting of adult members in the village, and
preparation of the participatory village plan of development activities. One major documented
scheme under the programme was the Ulashi-Jadunathpur Canal Digging Project in Jessore
district, which brought 18,000 acres of previously waterlogged land under cultivation by
excavating a 4.26km long irrigation canal.

BARD launched the Comprehensive Village Development Programme in 1975 with the principal
objective of ameliorating the socio-economic status of all groups of people in a village through
a common institutional framework. The BARD also sponsored another experimental
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programme, the Small Farmers Development Programme with the operational focus on small
farmers in 1993. Its broad objective was to organise the target farmers and landless labourers
by providing them with necessary inputs and services for production and institution building.
Other major governmental rural development projects include the Vulnerable Group
Development, Thana Resource Development and Employment Project, Rural Social Service
Programme, Community Development Programme, Self-reliance Programme for Rural Women,
and technologies for rural employment.

The government’s current rural development policy’s main emphasis is on employment

oriented growth, greater citizen participation in development activities, greater
cooperation between public and private sectors, specialised programmes for the
disadvantaged groups such as rural poor women, ethnic minorities, children, and the
elderly people. Alongside the public initiative, the voluntary and private organisations,
more popularly known as the non-governmental Organisations (NGO) cover an wide
range of rural development activities including those oriented towards development of
income and employment, health and sanitation, agriculture and rural craft, vocational
education, relief and rehabilitation, family planning, mother and childcare. There are
many NGOs in the country including 89 international ones. Many national NGOs were
born out of the relief and rehabilitation activities during the early 1970s. One
predominating approach to rural development by the NGOs involves poverty alleviation
through rendering small scale credit to the purposively organised groups of rural poor
and landless people, commonly coined as the ‘micro credit model’. A number of NGOs
have achieved national and international reputation through this approach, notably the
Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Grameen Bank, Proshika Manobik
Unnayan Kendra, ASA and Rangpur-Dinajpur Rural Service.

Another major governmental rural development projects include:

the Vulnerable Group Development,

Thana Resource Development and Employment Project,
Rural Social Service Programme,
Community Development Programme,
Self-reliance Programme for Rural Women,
technologies for rural employment,
employment oriented growth,
greater citizen participation in development activities,
specialized programmes for the disadvantaged groups such as rural poor
women, ethnic minorities ,children, and the elderly people.
Development of alternate occupations other than agriculture.
Investment in Human Capital in rural areas.
Development of Infrastructure in rural areas.
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 Objective of the study:

There are various objectives of report, so some important objectives are as follows:

1. To gather practical experience on the field of rural development sector in our country.
2. To get involved in real projects related with rural development activities.
3. To obtain more knowledge about the development sector in rural areas .
4. To find out the lackings of the process how to developed in the rural economy.

The main objective of this study is to analysis the rural development sectors ,policies ,their
workshops and find out the problems in those sector which doesn’t develop. According to
this study ,it also identifying where more or less investment require.

 Methodology:
Data are collected from two sources.

Primary data: is collected through

Making a formal questionnaire for the concerned branch

Questionnaire has been prepared are filed through individual
interviews.
Discussion with high officials.
Practical experience gained by studying and visiting.

Secondary data: is collected through.

Books, Journals, Newsletters, Research, Report, Budget of fiscal year etc.

Various report on rural development topics.
Bangladesh economics Review.
Websites.
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 Definition of Rural Development:

In 1994, the Secretary General of United Nations Mr. Boutros Ghail defined development, ‘as a
decisive factor in shaping our world and it will define relations among people, shaped the
behavior of nations and determine the ecological nature of the planet. Yet today development
is in crisis. First there is crisis of complexity; second, we have realized that development has no
single definition. No single strategy has been immune from failure. There is no certain path to
success.

The 1975 Dag Hammarskjold report states that:

‘Development is a total comprehensive process ,informed by a value loaded vision and shaped
around five pillars; Satisfaction of human needs both material and political Self reliance
,Endogenous growth, Harmony with the environment, Structural transformation in the
economy, society and polity.

But,

There is no universally accepted definition of rural development. Various scholars have defined
it variously. As a concept, it connotes overall development of rural areas with a view to improve
the quality of life rural people. As a phenomenon, it is the result of various physical,
technological, economic, socio-cultural and institutional factors. As a discipline, it is multi-
disciplinary in nature representing an intersection of agricultural, social, behavioral and
management of sciences .Some scholars understand rural development as the development of
agricultural sector. But this concept of rural development is not comprehensive enough to
define rural development completely. On the other hand, rural development is understood as
being a multi-dimensional or multi-faceted concept.

According to World Bank:

“Rural development is a growth strategy for a particular target population-the rural poor. It
involves extending of benefits of development to these whose future lies in the pursuit of
livelihood in rural areas. These include small farmers, landless and women”.

so, Rural development is the betterment in the totality of life for rural people.
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 The Objectives of Rural Development:

The objectives encompass improved productivity, increased employment and thus

higher incomes and health. A national programme of rural development should include
a mix of activities, including to projects to raise agricultural output, create new
employment, improve health and education, expand communications and improve
housing. Also some objectives must be include .These are

To improve productivity and the wages of rural people.

To guarantee increased and quick employment possibilities.
To demolish unemployment and a notable decline in underemployment.
To guarantee to increase the standard of living of the underprivileged
population.
To provide the basic needs – elementary education, health care, clean drinking
water, and, rural roads, etc.

 Indicators of Rural Development:

Changes in agricultural productivity.

Changes in rural employment, unemployment andunderemployment
Changes in income of different income groupsiv.
Changes in the distribution of power,
influence andparticipation in decision Changes in the degree of mobility,
in the allocation of position and removalof barriers to access public facilities.
Changes in literacy, schooling, literacy rate and lifeexpectancy
Changes in values, believes and attitudes of members of state agencies as well as
the rural population making.
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 Specific Targets of Rural Development:

Specific targets of rural development in today's Bangladesh include the rural poor, especially
the more disadvantaged groups of women and children. Rural development aims at building
the capacity of these target groups to control their surrounding environment accompanied by
wider distribution of benefits resulting from such control.

The key elements of rural development: The key elements of rural development in Bangladesh
are:

(a) poverty alleviation and raising the living standards of the rural poor;

(b) equitable distribution of income and wealth;

(c) wider employment opportunities;

(d) participation of the local people in planning, decision-making, implementation process,

benefit sharing, evaluation of rural development programmes, and

(e) 'empowerment' or more economic and political power to the rural masses to control the
use and distribution of scarce resources.

 Dimensions of Rural Development:

The rural areas of Bangladesh face multifarious problems. Unless the problems are attacked
from all dimensions no improvement of rural Bangladesh can be expected. The matter deserves
most serious thought by all and requires to draw up a dynamic programme and action plan to
achieve rural development a success. Rural development is linked to infrastructural
development, commercialization of agriculture, proper utilization and mobilization of
resources, food security, creating opportunities, inclusive social development in the rural
community and modernization of overall society. However, achievements of rural development
efforts in Bangladesh are not satisfactory because of imposed development, unstable political
situation, absence of people's participation, lack of research and political commitment.So,these
sectors should be improved.
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 Rural development through Agriculture:

Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of Bangladesh. The contribution of
Agricultural sector to the overall GDP of the country is almost 19%. Food security for
the huge population of Bangladesh is directly related to the development of farmers and
agricultural sector. So the government of Bangladesh has been giving priority to agricultural
development with a view to ensure food security and nutrition, poverty eradication and
employment generation. It has been possible to remain an average GDP growth of 6.3 in last
five fiscal years for agriculture friendly programmes of the government and inclusive growth
strategy of Bangladesh Bank. Agriculture has also an important role in increasing the
domestic demand. For this reason Bangladesh could face the world recession
comparatively in a better manner than the other countries. At present, almost 70% of
total populations of Bangladesh live in the rural areas. They are mainly dependent on
agricultural and rural income generating activities for their livelihood. So, through
development of agricultural sector, it is possible to create employment opportunity, ensure
food & nutrition security for such a huge population and by this way we could make our
national economy more sustainable and stronger.

GDP growth rate of 7.3% has been set up for the FY 2014-15 in the national budget. In order to
achieve this target as well as to ful fill the Millennium Developmental Goal (MDG), it is
important to increase the domestic food grain production. National economy becomes
strong and healthy as the agricultural production becomes well. On the other hand poor
agricultural production results in poverty and hunger. It has already been proved that,
international market is not always a reliable source to depend on during the food and
food-grain crisis in domestic market. For this reason ,enhancement of domestic agricultural
production is very important. Achieving expected food/agricultural production by utilizing
the limited land efficiently is one of the prime-movers for the economic stability and
development of Bangladesh.

Development of Modern Agriculture

Bangladesh agriculture has achieved momentous structural changes with many problems and
constraints a quiet agricultural revolution has taken place which is still evolving in response to
natural calamities, sociopolitical changes, population growth, urbanization, new technology in
agriculture and new opportunities in rural non-agriculture sector, commercialization and
changes in macro policy and sector policy reforms including market and trade liberalization and
substantial reduction in public sector. From largely a peasant based subsistence activity,
agriculture today is more of a commercial entrepreneurial activity than ever before.
We see various development project taken by the Govt. of Bangladesh.
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#Ten thousand farmers are getting E-

Village project training to build digital
Bangladesh.

Expected irrigation
Primitive Irrigation Modern irrigation

Here ,Government of Bangladesh taken

such policy to develop rural irrigation
system. Undertaking Integrated Water and
Land-Use Planning, Managing cross-border
Goal of E-village
flows ,Government policy for solar irrigation
 Reduce digital divide
 Provide management support to pump are such examples of govt. projects.
farmers during the crop cultivation
Human Resource Development:
period.
 Increase yield and reduce input "A vast proportion of rural workforces in
cost.
Bangladesh are illiterate, untrained and
unskilled. Bangladesh Government also take
Development of Agriculture in rural sector
Consists of some matter like as: several projects to trained rural untrained
people.
Seeds and Planting Materials:
Fishery: the fisheries sector, which is
important in terms of nutrition, income,
Seed is the main production input in the
employment and earning of foreign
agriculture sector. The availability and
exchange. There are tremendous
quality of which are the means of
development seen at Fisheries sector of
sustainable agricultural production. The GO,
rural areas in Bangladesh.
NGOs and some private companies have
started producing, importing, storing and Technological Development:
marketing of quality seeds of hybrid rice,
maize and vegetables at a limited scale.

Fertilizer:Fertilizer input is another critical

factor of production. The expansion of
modern agricultural practices together with
intensified cultivation has led to an
increasing demand for fertilizers.

Minor Irrigation:
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Better technology gives more opportunity areas.

to development of agriculture in rural

 Digital villages for digital Bangladesh:

Present age is often referred to as information age and the society is called information society.
The key to information age and information society is the use of digital technology, that is,
information and communication technology (ICT), to the needs of the society. There exists huge
digital gap, popularly known as digital divide, between Bangladesh, and other middle-income
and high-income countries of the world. Also there exists a huge digital divide between the
rural Bangladesh and its cities and towns. Reduction or elimination of the divide will accelerate
the process of Vision 2021, that is, to achieve middle-income status of Bangladesh. The target
should be per capita income/GNP of 2000 US Dollar in 2021 from little over1000 US Dollar in
2013. We hope that the socio-economic status of the country will improve further soon and
Bangladesh will come out of the category of LDC (least developed country) into the level of
developing countries like India, Pakistan and India. How can this be achieved?

Bangladesh is mostly a rural country with about 80% of its people living in villages. Although
there has been significant development in rural economy in the past few years, it is the irony of
the fate that we could not develop the villages in line with the development of the digital
technology. Global indices to ICT and ICT services indicate poor performance of Bangladesh in
comparison to other nations of the world. Digitization of lifestyle in villages can accelerate our
national development pushing up our global ranking and achieving Vision 2021.

A digital village is a village with adequate developments of technological infrastructure, online

services, and development of human capital. Each of our dream villages must have an ICT
information and service centre, with up-to-date facilities for access to information through the
Internet. This centre will be responsible for providing all possible facilities for online services
and training for village human capital. All villages, bazaars and academic institutions, and rural
centres must be hotspots of ICT activities for the villagers. Vis-à-vis the union information
centres and similar rural centres should be equipped and upgraded as hotspots of ICT activities
with high speed Internet access.

Only mobile Internet services are not sufficient. The on going process of connecting all upozilla
centres through fiber optic cable is a positive step towards delivery of digital services to the
rural population. With this, all the union headquarters need robust ICT information service
centers. In the next step, all the union information service centers should be wired with fiber
optic cables.

The Government of Bangladesh implementing those project to bring digitalization in rural areas.
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 Population and Family Welfare:

The unprecedented population growth of Bangladesh is one of the most serious national
problems we are facing ate the moment All our problems centered round the population
problem.Fertility rate and its implication for economic growth have become increasingly
important in our predominantly agrarian economy because our development plans aim at
increasing per capita income, and standard of living of the majority of the people of the villages.
The problem of population growth in relation to economic development involves a series of
consideration of:

a. the size of population

b. the rate of population growth; and

c. the age distribution pattern of the existing population of the country.

In 2012 the government of Bangladesh adopted a comprehensive population policy which

accords high priority to population control programme.These policy also includes Urban Health
Care, Adolescent Welfare Program, Empowerment of Women and Equal Partnership of Men
and Women, Human Resources Development, Discourage Urban Migration and Introduce
Planned Urbanization etc.

 Youth Development :
The major programs of the government for youth development include:- rural youth
development, skill development training, sell-employment program and community
development program. The youth development program is now being expanded through
increased training and credit facilities. This programme has included young women and men for
raising consciousness about women’s issues in rural development.

 Rural development through credit programme:

How rural banks can engineer rural development Banking organizations have a key
role to play in removing the hurdles the rural economy of Bangladesh faces in achieving
a better income distribution. To fulfil this role, banks have demanded a strong and
efficient institutional framework for rural development. How do banks promote rural
development? First, banks can finance self-employment schemes in rural areas. The rural
poor have been kept out of institutional credit, mainly by institutional rigidities. Institutional
 P a g e | 12

lending for rural activities and agriculture is directed and coordinated by Bangladesh
Bank and channelled through five specialized banks.

 The Role of NGO’s in Rural Development:

NGOs play a vital role in the rural development of Bangladesh. It is doubtless to say that NGOs
with their effective efforts have been promoting development strategic by creating unique
changes in the field of economic progress in Bangladesh since her independence. The NGO have
taken some significant initiatives to handle the poverty situation in Bangladesh considering
certain aspects stated below:

a) Speedier economic growth achievement process

b) Human Resource development

c) Specific target setting for poor

 In the following section, as a follow up/ part of this combined strategies some key
activities already commenced by NGOs are discussed.

Employment Generation: In order to encourage the rural poor to participate in different

economic activities and to increase their income through employment generation, several
policies, methods and strategies of the NGOs have attracted the attention of some foreign
development experts.

Micro Credit : Micro Credit :Overall economic development is essential for poverty eradication
at the rural level. Besides employment generation, per head income and scheme to increase
savings is required so that a sustainable development and poverty reduction can be seen for
the poor. The identification of loan as a significant necessity for sustainable economic
development for the poor as well as developing an effective method for meeting the demand
for loan is a competent model of poverty eradication.

Targeting Poor Rural Women as Beneficiary :Although half the population of Bangladesh is
women still they are leading a much backward life. The NGOs of Bangladesh have consciously
targeted the fallen behind poor women folks as their beneficiaries.

Health, Nutrition and Hygiene: In Bangladesh, Health and nutrition status of the rural populace
is very poor. Majority is deprived from even minimal health and nutrition facilities. For this
reason, a significant part of the active NGOs of Bangladesh are providing training and education
service in the field of health and nutrition.

Informal and Non-formal Education :The NGOs are highly active in the sector of informal and
non-formal education. The best way to develop human resource is through appropriate
education. Illiterates created due to lack of education is one major obstacle for socio economic
development hence also for poverty eradication.
 Rural development and
Education:
Education is the basic need for socio-
economic transformation and advancement
of a country. It is the prime ingredient of
human resources development. In our
society educational development was not
adequately geared to meet this human
need. Without educating people it is
impossible to achieve rural as well as
national development. Various programmes
have undertaken by the government to
improve the quality of primary education.
To increase enrolment in primary schools
and reduce dropout of students in rural
areas, Food for Education Programme and
stipends have been introduced. NGOs are
also involved in formal and non-formal
education in the country.
Majority of Bangladeshi people still lives in
villages and so the topic of rural education
Bangladesh is of utmost importance. A
survey, shows that even though the number
of rural students attending schools is rising,
but more than half of the students in fifth
grade are unable to read a second grade
text book and are not able to solve simple
mathematical problems.
As why, there is a difference between city
and village student not in terms of brain or
development but their initial environment,
skills, learning ability, availability of
infrastructure, and access to different
facilities.
P a g e | 13
But,
In recent times Bangladesh’s Education
changes. The Government of Bangladesh
has been taken some Projects to
strengthen management, enhance quality,
and improve equity and access to secondary
education.
secondary education
Primary
Primary Education
Education Model Education system
Model Education system level
Bangladesh has made significant progress in
achieving some goals of Education for All
but it needs to focus on the quality of
education and early childhood
development, said Olav Seim, director of
the EFA International Coordination Team,
Unesco.
"The country has managed to increase
enrolment rate at primary level to almost
90 percent which is a big achievement," he
said.
About 77% of primary school-aged children
were enrolled in high school and less than
30% of the children aged 11-12 qualify the
criteria for basic education (Chowdhury et
al., 1999). Although the enrolment rate was
higher for boys than girls in recent past, the

gender gap has been reduced recently. The
gross enrolment ratio of girls is higher than
that of boys in some areas.
Enrolment rate at secondary level is less
than primary level. About two-thirds of
secondary school-aged children do not go
to school. In 1993 the Government started
the Female Secondary Stipend Programme
for girls to popularise secondary education
among them. A World Bank (2003) study
shows that this policy has encouraged rural
girls to enrol and remain in high schools.
However, even though high school
education is free for girls, low income and
poor household parents are not interested
in some cases to send their children to high
school because of direct cost plus
opportunity costs e.g. helping the family at
home in farming, household work and other
income-generating activities. Nevertheless,
Bangladesh has made good progress in
recent years on various indicators
(enrolment, completion and attendance
rate and gender gap in enrolment) of
primary education. It has improved the girl-
boy ratio from 40:60 to 49:51 over the last
20 years. Although the two important
MDGs of 100 percent net enrolment rate
(NER) of primary school aged children and
100% primary school completion rate many
not be achieved by 2015. What is also
unclear is how far pupils from nonformal
schools are successful when they make the
transition into formal secondary school. The
transition process is fundamental to the
continuity of education. Whilst never losing
sight of the importance of progression
within a student’s educational career, we
must ensure that the progression occurs
with the minimum of disruption to the
student. The transition from Grade-V
(primary school) to Grade-VI (secondary
school) is an important time for all students
P a g e | 14
concerned. It is vital that this period runs as
smoothly as possible, enabling the students,
whatever their futures, to choose well and
to settle quickly and easily in their new
school system, thereby enhancing their
opportunities of success in secondary
school. Success in secondary school has
obvious implications for a developing
country like Bangladesh.
Rural Development through
ICT program: Information and
Communication Technology abbreviated as
ICT consist of Information technology,
enterprise software, audio-visual system,
middleware using which user can access,
store, transmit and modify information as
required.
ICT Programs enhance those situation.
Empowering citizens:One of the objectives
under this project is to ensure that by 2011
all Bangladeshis will have access to ICT and
the skills to use them.
Finally, with the objective of ensuring that,
by 2013, all children will have access to ICT,
the roadmap plans to see secondary schools
having ICT labs with access to all the
curriculum materials with proper teacher
training and support.
Transforming public resources: To
transform the government, we have to have
e-readiness. There have to be citizen-centric
e-services, and a high demand for them
(through a rich mix of channels -- including
mobile phones, web, kiosks and service
centres). This will contribute to economic
development, poverty reduction, and better
and more transparent governance. Every
 P a g e | 15

ministry must develop and deliver plans for the roadmap, and effective structures and
e-service investments. processes must be in place. A full-time
"chief digital advisor" reporting directly to
Another important part of the work-stream the taskforce and the chief advisor,
is to develop a comprehensive e- supported by a small ICT Roadmap Program
government inter-operability framework, to Management Office, should be there to
be fully adopted by all ministries and their strengthen the governance.
ICT suppliers, ensuring that e-services can
be integrated efficiently and effectively By training ICT programs rural people can
around citizens' needs and that there is no could developed their life.
waste or duplication in the government's
ICT investments. Entrepreneurship as an
Broadening the ICT sector: The issues economic force in rural
impeding the growth of the hardware and development:
software sectors should be resolved to
broaden the ICT sector. International ICT
trade and investment campaign must be
undertaken to develop a globally-
recognised brand for Bangladesh as a
centre for ICT investment, outsourcing and
Village Entrepreneur Women Entrepreneur
exports, which will help the Bangladesh ICT
sector to increase its levels of exports,
turnover and FDI by at least 50% each year Rural development is more than ever
between now and 2013. before linked to entrepreneurship.
Institutions and individuals promoting rural
Enabling the market:Legal barriers to e- development now see entrepreneurship as
commerce must be removed and the a strategic development intervention that
necessary business changes put in place in could accelerate the rural development
the public and private sectors to take process. Furthermore, institutions and
advantage of the new opportunities. The individuals seem to agree on the urgent
ICT roadmap plans to deliver this by need to promote rural enterprises:
establishing a certified authority to oversee development agencies see rural
the provision of digital certificates enabled entrepreneurship as an enormous
by the ICT Act 2006, and development of a employment potential; politicians see it as
partnership with the banks to establish the the key strategy to prevent rural unrest;
business and technical infrastructure farmers see it as an instrument for
needed to make e-commerce and e- improving farm earnings; and women see it
government transactions a reality. as an employment possibility near their
homes which provides autonomy,
Leadership and governance: Accountability independence and a reduced need for
for delivering all aspects of the roadmap social support. To all these groups,
and associated elements must be clear to however, entrepreneurship stands as a
all stakeholders for successful delivery of vehicle to improve the quality of life for

individuals, families and communities and
to sustain a healthy economy and
environment.
The entrepreneurial orientation to rural
development accepts entrepreneurship as
the central force of economic growth and
development, without it other factors of
development will be wasted or frittered
away. However, the acceptance of
entrepreneurship as a central development
force by itself will not lead to rural
development and the advancement of rural
enterprises.
 Development of rural areas
through industries:
Bangladesh is known as agricultural as
well as rural based economy. However,
rural society is traditional, conservative
and detached from the sources of
innovation. In industrialized nations where
local economies are integrated components
of the national economy and national
policies reach citizens in all parts of the
nation, it is reasonable to ask weather
specific attention should be paid to rural
areas, rather than simply relying upon
national programs. To reduce the migration
rate we need to have a sustainable solution
like providing employment opportunities
to rural public. Industrial development
has greater potential in expansion of
economic activities and it will eventually
help in development of rural assets along
with income generation, development of
infrastructure, raising standard of living and
per capita income for rural people.
Industrialization act as an instrument
both of the creating capacity to absorb
excess labour power and of catering for the
diversification of the market required at the
higher stages of economic development.
P a g e | 16
Rural areas are specialised more in
agriculture while Industries are located
mostly at urban location giving a weak
rural-urban linkage which ultimately
results in lower pace of development in
rural area.
Now a days, Bangladesh has been improved
in so much way.
Development of transportation
systems:
village transportation
Roads transport
Bangladesh has developed a transport
network that includes roads, railways,
inland waterways, two maritime ports and
civil airports catering to both domestic and
international traffic. Road transport has
traditionally been the centre of the
government's attention in this sector.
Feeder roads connect Upazila headquarter
and growth centres with arterial road
system and represent 34% of the total road
network. Rural roads represent the largest
part of the Bangladesh road system,
constituting 61% of the total road network.
Roads & Highway under the Ministry of
Communications looks after national,
regional and some of feeder roads whereas
major feeder roads and rural roads are
looked after by LGED under the Ministry of
Local Government Rural Development and
Cooperatives.
The government's transport strategy aims
 P a g e | 17

to support economic development by

expanding linkages in the internal transport
system and promote local market
integration, specially in rural areas. There is
sizable public investment (through
development budget, ADP and revenue
budget) in road construction (1.8% of
GDP).For achieving economic development
objectives as well as regional connectivity
planned development of transport sector is
need of the hour.
 P a g e | 18

Here , I can represent some rural projects which shows development at micro level.

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 Expected F
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to June Allocation Start Date Completion Date Completion (P
(FY 2016-17)** date
Rural Development and Cooperative Division (RDCD) 1,078,842 450,190 140,437 225,4
Small Farmers Development Foundation (SFDF) 6,409 2,167 3,700 542
Assistance to Small Farmers Development Foundation (2nd
6,409 2,167 3,700 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-18 31-Dec-19 542
Phase) (01/01/2016- 31/12/2018)
Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB) 81,530 34,116 16,291 20,78
Integrated Employment Support Program for Poor Women
15,734 12,927 2,800 1-Jan-12 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 7
(Revised) (01/01/2012-30/06/2018)
Rural Livelihood Project (RLP) (2nd Phase) (01/07/2012-
33,142 14,094 4,991 1-Jul-12 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 14,05
30/06/2017)

Employment Guarantee Scheme for the Poor of

9,487 4,896 2,500 1-Apr-14 31-Mar-19 31-Mar-19 2,091
Northern Region (2nd Phase) (01/04/2014-31/03/2019)

Participatory Rural Development Project -III (PRDP Phase-III)

23,167 2,199 6,000 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-20 30-Jun-21 4,633
(01/07/2015-30/06/2020)
Palli Deirdre Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) 43,496 28,940 7,715 2,410
Extension of Palli Daridro Bimochon Foundation (PDBF)
Activities for Poverty Alleviation and Self Employment 33,429 27,760 5,565 1-Jul-12 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-17 0
(01/07/2012-30/06/2018)
Bangbandhu Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development
32,684 17,466 8,000
Academy (BAPARD)

Expansion, Renovation and Modernization of Bangabandhu

Poverty Alleviation Training Complex (at present BAPARD), 32,684 17,466 8,000 1-Mar-10 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 7,218
Kotalipara Gopalgonj (Revised) (01/03/2010-30/06/2018)

Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) 3,439 250 1,000 1,032
Capacity building of BARD Physical facilities (01/01/2017-
3,439 250 1,000 1-Jan-17 31-Dec-19 31-Dec-19 1,032
31/12/2019)
Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogra 73,338 18,897 17,319
Modernization of RDA Farm and Laboratory School
3,420 2,601 819 1-Jan-14 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 0
and College Project (01/01/2014-31/12/2017)

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 Expected FY 18-
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to Allocation Start Date Completion Date Completion (Projec
June (FY 2016-17)** date
Greater Faridpur Rural Infrastructure Development (2nd
171,000 114,304 30,000 1-Jul-09 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 13,680
Revised) (01/07/2009-30/06/2019)
Greater Barisal District Rural Communication & Market
Development Project (Barisal, Pirojpur, Bhola & Jhalokati 47,171 46,794 6,181 1-Jul-09 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 0
District (01/07/2009-30/06/2016)
Sylhet Division Rural Infrastructure Development (01/07/2011-
49,147 48,995 1 1-Jul-11 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 151
30/06/2017)

Naria Upazila, Shariatpur District Rural Infrastructure

2,284 2,078 1 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 205
Development (01/07/2015-30/06/2017)
 P a g e | 19

Sadar and Hosenpur Upazila, Kishorganj District Important

2,490 2,487 1 1-Jun-15 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 2
Rural Infrastructure Development (01/06/2015-30/06/2017)

Union Parishod Connecting Road Development Project:

Patuakhali and Barguna (2nd Phase) District (2nd Revised) 36,224 31,559 1 7/1/20o8 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 4,664
(01/07/2008-30/06/2017)

Union Connecting Road and infrastructure

Development Project: Greater Chittagong (Chittagong 40,800 31,465 9,252 1-Mar-10 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 83
and Cox's Bazar) District (2nd Revised) (01/03/2010-
30/06/2018)
Rural Infrastructure Development of South-West Region (1st
168,795 157,154 6,000 1-Jan-10 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-18 5,641
Revised) (01/01/2010-31/12/2017)

Union Infrastructure Development project ( khulna,

35,987 25,297 9,000 1-Jul-10 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 1,690
Bagerhat, Satkhira Districts) (2nd Revised) (01/07/2010-
30/06/2018)

Greater Rangpur, Dinajpur District Rural Communication and

Others Infrastructure Development (2nd Revised) 63,395 49,932 12,462 1-Apr-10 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 1,001
(01/04/2010-30/06/2018)

Greater Faridpur Rural Infrastructure Development2md

149,000 97,786 30,000 1-Jul-10 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-19 21,214
phase) (2nd Revised) (01/07/2010-30/06/2019)

Rural Infrastructure Development Project: Greater Dhaka,

Tangail and Kishoregonj District (2nd Revised) (01/03/2011- 57,634 37,912 10,000 1-Mar-11 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-17 9,722
30/06/2017)
Greater Jessore District Infrastructure Development
(Jessore, 51,125 25,927 12,553 1-Mar-11 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 12,645
Jhinaidah, Magura and Narail District)( 1st Revised)
(01/03/2011-30/06/2018)

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 Expected FY 18-
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to Allocation Start Date Completion Date Completion (Projec
June (FY 2016-17)** date
Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Improvement project (SRIIP)
98,973 95,582 3,400 1-Jan-11 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-18 0
(01/01/2011-30/6/2017)

Expansion of Upazila Complex (01/04/2011-30/06/2017) 143,000 55,355 30,000 1-Apr-11 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 42,900

Improvement of Bhangura-Naogaon GCM Road under

10,836 8,779 2,000 1-Jul-11 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-18 0
Bhangura Upazila of Pabna District (01/07/2011-30/06/2018)

Construction of Union Parished Bhaban Complex (2nd Phase)

85,770 51,601 8,000 1-Jul-11 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 26,169
(01/07/2011-30/06/2018)
Greater Kustia District Infrastructure Development Project
(Kustia, Chuadanga and Meherpur District) (01/01/2012- 37,685 24,018 8,000 1-Jan-12 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 5,667
30/06/2018)
Development of Important Rural Infrastructure Project
61,547 35,731 6,000 1-Jul-12 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-20 9,232
(01/07/2012-30/06/2018)
Haor Infrastructure and Livelihood Improvement
107,632 60,285 21,000 1-Jul-12 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-19 26,347
Project (01/07/2012-30/06/2019)
Rural Transport Improvement Project-II (RTIP-II) (01/07/2012-
334,305 190,545 80,000 1-Jul-12 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 63,760
30/06/2017)
Costal Climate Resilient Infrastructure Improvement Project
123,000 68,782 26,000 1-Jul-12 31-Dec-18 31-Dec-19 28,218
(01/07/2012-31/12/2018)
Northern Bangladesh Integrated Development Project
270,594 73,049 44,000 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 81,178
(01/07/2013-30/06/2019)
Rural Employment and Road Maintenance Programme-2
108,500 80,850 20,000 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 7,650
(RERMP-2) (01/07/2013-30/06/2018)
 P a g e | 20

Barisal Division Rural Infrastructure Development Project

63,800 34,367 12,500 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 16,933
(01/07/2013-30/06/2018)
Construction of 950m PC Guarder Bridge over Dharla
River at Fulbari Upazila of Kurigram District( revised) 22,719 18,775 3,670 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 274
(01/07/2013-
30/06/2017)
Construction of a 668 Long Pre-Stressed girder Bridge over
Baro Baliatali Ahdhermanik river on Kalapara-Baliatali-
12,541 1,673 4,000 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-20 4,389
Gangamati Road under Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali District
(01/07/2013-30/06/2018)

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Expected
Completion
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 FY 18-
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to Allocation Start Date Completion Date (Projec
June (FY 2016-17)** date
Rangpur Divisional Rural Infrastructure Development Project
70,000 46,100 18,000 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 5,900
(01/07/2013-30/06/2018)

Construction of 1490m Long Pre-stressed Concrete Girder

Bridge over Tista River at Pachpir Bazar-Chilmari Upazila HQ
Road of Sundargonj Upazila under Gaibandha District
Project(revised) (01/07/2013-30/06/2019)
73,085 1,670 7,500 1-Jul-13 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-22 7,309
Greater Mymensingh Rural Infrastructure Development
48,864 26,844 11,800 1-Jan-14 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-19 10,220
Project (01/01/2014-30/06/2019)

Construction of 4 Bridges in Bakshigonj and

Dewangonj Upazila of Jamalpur District (01/01/2014-
31/12/2017) 15,179 9,786 5,017 1-Jan-14 31-Dec-17 30-Jun-18 0
Flood Management and Livelihood Increment in Hoar
Region 88,001 18,292 11,500 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-22 30-Jun-22 19,403
(01/07/2015-30/06/2022)
Rural Infrastructure Development (Comilla, Chandpur &
56,411 20,998 1,700 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 16,923
B- Baria) (01/07/2015-30/06/2019)
Constriction of 9 Nos. Important Bridge (01/07/2015-
31,214 10,019 9,000 1-Jul-15 31-Dec-18 30-Jun-20 6,243
31/12/2018)
Construction of Multipurpose Disaster Shelter (01/01/2015-
293,500 23,858 30,137 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-20 31-Dec-23 58,700
30/06/2020)

Important Rural Infrastructure Development Project

on Priority Basis-2 (IRIDP-2) (01/07/2015-
30/06/2019) 607,644 191,197 150,000 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 182,293

Rural Infrastructure Development Project: Chittagong Hill

Tracts - 2nd Phase (01/03/2015-31/12/2017)
38,000 4,325 6,000 1-Mar-15 31-Dec-17 30-Jun-20 11,400
Greater Chittagong District Rural Infrastructure Development
Project (Chittagong & Cox's Bazar District) (01/07/2015-
30/06/2019)
36,600 6,001 8,000 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 10,980
Greater Pabna & Bogra District Rural
46,809 5,399 15,000 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-19 14,043
Infrastructure Development Project (01/07/2015-
30/06/2019)

Improvements of Rural Infrastructure in Akkelpur, Kalai and

Khetlal Upazila of Joypurhat District (01/07/2015-
30/06/2018) 2,030 1,022 1,008 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-18 0
Rural Infrastructure Development Projects: Bauphal Upazila,
2,193 810 1,367 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-18 16
Patuakhali (01/01/2016-31/12/2017)
 P a g e | 21

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 Expected FY 18-
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to Allocation Start Date Completion Date Completion (Projec
June (FY 2016-17)** date

Rural Infrastructure Development Project at Mollahat

2,294 800 1,027 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-18 467
Upazila under Bagherhat District (01/01/2016-31/12/2017)

Rural Infrastructure Development Project at Fakirhat Upazila

2,298 900 1,283 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-18 115
under Bagerhat District (01/01/2016-31/12/2017)

Faridpur District Important Rural Infrastructure

2,495 1,620 675 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 30-Jun-19 200
Development Project (FDIRIDP) (01/01/2016-31/12/2017)

Development of Rural Infrastructure of Kuliarchar and

2,422 1,205 400 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 30-Jun-19 817
Bhairab Upazila under Kishoregonj District (01/01/2016-
31/12/2017)
Kushtia Sadar Upazula Rural Road Development Project
2,396 1,005 1,171 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 30-Jun-19 220
(01/01/2016-31/12/2017)

Gopalgonj District Important Rural Infrastructure

61,484 5,100 12,500 1-Jan-16 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 18,445
improvement Project (GDIRIIP) (01/01/2016-30/06/2019)

Rural Infrastructure Development Project of Panchagarh,

Kurigram & Lalmonirhat District (Erstwhile Enclaves) 18,059 4,100 8,000 1-Dec-15 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 5,959
(01/12/2015-30/06/2018)
Greater Rajshahi District Rural Infrastructure Development
39,852 5,020 8,000 1-Jan-16 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 11,956
Project (01/01/2016-30/06/2019)
Rural Access Road Improvement Project in Sylhet Division
28,704 157 7,000 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-21 8,611
(01/07/2015-30/06/2019)

Rural road development of Golachipa and Doshmina

2,173 500 1,673 1-Jan-16 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-17 0
upazila under Patuakhali District(01/01/2016-31/06/2017)

Development of Rural Infrastructure and

2,361 685 1,451 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-18 225
communication system of Baufal Upazila( 1/1/2016-
31/12/2017
Important Rural Infrastructure Development of
34,724 3,000 10,000 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-19 10,417
Kishoregonj District( 01/01/2016-31/12/2017)
Rural Infrastructure Development of Bakshigonj
and Dewangonj Upazila of Jamalpur District 1,170 500 450 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 30-Jun-19 220
(01/01/2016-
31/12/2017)
Rural Infrastructure Development project in Laksham,
Monohorgonj and Barura Upazilla under Comilla 1,987 600 1,387 1-Jul-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 0
District( 01/07/2016-30/06/2018)

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 Expected FY 18-
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to Allocation Start Date Completion Date Completion (Projec
June (FY 2016-17)** date

Construction & Improvement of Road & Drainage System

to improve Communication facilities and mitigate 2,220 1,038 930 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-17 30-Jun-19 252
Waterlogging Problem in Patuakhali Pourashava(
01/07/2015-30/06/2017)
 P a g e | 22

Road Improvement works in Jamalpur and Madargonj

2,490 507 1,500 1-Jan-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 483
Pourashava 01/01/2016-30/06/2018)
Urban regeneration and Cultural Hub Development in
12,660 520 2,000 1-Mar-16 28-Feb-19 28-Feb-20 5,064
jamalpur Town( 01/03/2016-28/02/2019)
Gopalgonj Pourashava Drainage improvement( 01/01/2016-
2,425 750 1,675 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 0
31/12/2017)
Gouranodi Paurashava infrastructure improvement under
2,265 501 1,764 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 0
Barisal District( 01/01/2016-31/12/2017)

Baufal Paurashava Road network and Physical Infrastructure

2,267 501 1,766 1-Jan-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 0
Improvement (01/01/2016-31/12/2017)

Bagha Pourashava Infrastructure Development

(01/02/2016- 2,461 300 2,161 1-Feb-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 0
31/12/2017)
Post Flood Infrastructure Improvement of Choumuhoni
2,388 200 2,080 1-Jul-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 108
pourashava( 01/07/2016-30/06/2018)
Ghagot Lake Development of Gaibandha Pourashava(
1,555 100 755 1-Jul-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 700
01/07/2016-30/6/2018
Infrastructure Development of Nangolkot Pourashava(
4,126 400 1,500 1-Jan-17 31-Dec-18 31-Dec-19 1,650
01/01/2017-31/12/2018)
Infrastructure Development of Charfashion Pourashava(
1,441 100 1,340 1-Jan-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 1
01/11/2016-30/06/2018)
Infrastructure Development of Lalmohon Pourashava(
2,301 100 700 1-Jan-17 31-Dec-18 31-Dec-19 920
01/01/2017-31/12/2018)
Development and Butification of Katakhal of Shirajganj
2,253 0 100 1-Jan-17 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-21 901
Paurashava (01/01/2017-30/06/2019)

Construction and development od Urban infrastructure

1,639 0 100 1-Jan-17 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-21 656
at Kajirpur Paurashava (01/01/2017-30/06/2019)
Local Government Division (LGD) 982,587 56,493 146,844 196,517

Income Support for the Poorest (01/4/2015-30/06/2020) 237,781 3,628 16,700 1-Apr-15 30-Jun-20 30-Jun-20 47,556

Local Government and Rural Development Sector MYPIP Database, FY 2017-2018

Taka in Lakh

Project Duration
Actual Cumulative ADP 17-18 Expected FY 18-
Projects Name Total Cost
expenditure up to Allocation Start Date Completion Date Completion (Projec
June (FY 2016-17)** date
Socio-economic development for the disadvantaged people
of the Chittagong Hill Tracts by roads connecting with the
2,498 500 1,998 1-Jul-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 0
Khagrachari Sadar Upazila to the district remote regions (
01/07/2016- 30/6/2018)
Construction of Rural Infrastructure for Development of
Communication System with Upazila HQs in Rangamati Hill 3,200 394 1,381 1-Jul-16 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-19 1,425
District( 01/07/2016- 30/06/2019)
Development of Rural Infrastructures for Bandarban
4,898 495 1,188 1-Oct-16 30-Jun-21 30-Jun-20 1,469
Hill Districts( 1/10/2016- 30/6/2021)
Construction of rural Infrastructure for building road network
connecting remote area to Upazilla Sadar of Khagrachari 4,871 200 2,000 1-Jan-17 30-Jun-19 30-Jun-20 1,461
District( 01/01/2017- 30/6/2019)
Construction of hill tracks Complex at Baily Road,
12,092 1,000 10,000 1-Jan-16 30-Jun-18 30-Jun-19 1,092
Dhaka (01/01/2016-30/06/2018)
Mixed Fruit Cultivation at Remote Areas of Chittaging
3,681 1,590 1,266 1-Jul-15 30-Jun-20 30-Jun-19 825
Hill Tracts( 01/07/2015-30/06/2020)
Cultivation of High yielding Bamboo as a livelihood for
2,378 0 428 1-Jul-16 30-Jun-21 30-Jun-21 713
the poor citizen of CHT (01/07/2016-30/06/2021)
109,763 95,310 0 14,453 14,453 0

Ministry of chittagong Hill Tracks Affairs( MoCHTA) 109,763 95,310 0 0

Promotion of Development and Confidence Building in
the Chittagong Hill tracts(01/04/2003-30/09/2016) 109,763 95,310 0 1-Apr-03 30-Sep-16 30-Sep-16 0
 P a g e | 23

The Actual Cumulative Expenditure up to June has been Calculated using the information
available in the ADP 2017-18. Thus cumulative expenditure contains the information up to
February 2017.

(Source:LGRD)

 Rural Infrastructure Development

1. By prior selection of the infrastructure development needs and outline for every area of the country,
the village plan book, the union plan book and the Upazila plan book will be prepared and kept updated.

2. In the case of undertaking and implementing infrastructure development project in every

development area, priorities indicated in the periodical rolling plan will be followed.

3. Use of agricultural land, especially land having irrigation facilities will be discouraged for non-
agricultural purposes.

4. In case of new establishment and development of road communication, priority will be given to link
roads with growth centers, Union Parishads, Upazila Parishad and also link roads connecting the nearest
districts and highways.

5. The implementation and financing of flood control and all other natural calamities control projects
and agricultural infrastructure development projects will get priority over the projects.

6. Scheduled periodic maintenance of roads and other physical infrastructure will be emphasized.

 Rural Health Services and Nutrition Development:

1. Both men and women, in all stages of the life-cycle will be ensured access to physical and
mental health services, and their health and nutrition awareness will be raised through training
to be imparted by relevant institutions and organizations.
2. To control diseases in the rural areas, special emphasis will be given to the extension of supply
of safe water and modern sanitation.
3. Homeopathic and herbal treatment like Unani and Ayurbedic being less expensive will be
encouraged for expansion.
4. Community Clinics are making substantial contributions to health and family welfare in rural
areas. Rural doctors will also be employed in strengthening rural health service.

 Development of Rural Housing:

 P a g e | 24

1. Construction of building, new settlement etc. on cultivable agricultural land will be

discouraged, and measures for planned construction of houses will be taken.
2. Research for innovation and development of technologies of low cost housing for rural areas
will be undertaken.
3. In the villages, residential area and cultivable area will be separately demarcated wherever
possible for more profitable use of agricultural land and for facilitating improved technology-
based cultivation
4. Initiatives will be taken for expansion of planned infrastructure on priority basis in the
residential areas.
5.Prior to new settlement in village areas, especially in island and char areas, necessary layout
design has to be done.

 Weaknesses of Rural Development Programmes in

Bangladesh:
From an analysis of the past experiences in rural development efforts, a number of major
problems can be identified which frustrated the successful performance of such efforts. The
major problems include instability of rural development institutions, inefficient and corrupt
leadership, abuse of local government institutions by the central regimes, lack of an articulated
rural development policy, inequitable distribution of benefits arising out of the rural
development programmes, limited natural and logistic resources, elite dominance in rural
development planning and action, and an inconducive rural society. The general characteristics
of the rural socio-economic structure of Bangladesh pose a challenge to effective
implementation of rural development schemes. The characteristics include low level of capital
formulation, dependence of the economy on agriculture, lack of skilled and educated
manpower, unemployment, inflation, ever increasing dependence on foreign assistance, rapid
population growth, rural political factionalism and instability, frequent natural disasters,
underdeveloped market and fiscal institutions, and investment in unproductive sectors.

 Steps to be taken for Rural Development:

1. At first, educated and skilled people should change their attitude regarding rural area. It is
impossible to enhance effort for rural development if literate and skilled people do not want to
go back to the village and work for village people.

2. No development work will be effective if the rural people remain illiterate. So, we have to
overcome illiteracy problem as soon as possible.

3. More standard health facilities have to be given to the rural people. At the same time,
malnutrition has to be removed, because sound health is the precondition of development.
 P a g e | 25

4. Micro-credit facilities should be increased. If this can be ensured, village people will be able to
run small-scale business and cottage industies.

5. The government should establish mor technical and vocational institutes to make the village
people skilled in the concerned field. Mass media like the TV, radio, newspapers etc. can play
important role in this respect.

6. Government should supply modern technology at a cheap rate among the rural people and
encourage them to use it. Specially, agro-based instuments have to be modernised.

7. To ensure sustainable development comprehensive development programme should be

taken.

 Conclusion:
Rural development has been the core focus of the government policy, strategy
and programs after Independence of Bangladesh. The rural sector was strategic
to the country’s economic growth, social and political development. The sector
was crucial in providing the agricultural labour and output to the country; while
the high incidence of poverty that characterised the sector posed a major threat
to the social and political stability of the nation. Side by side with perceptible
development of rural infrastructure, comprehensive rural development including
creating of a positive mind-set in rural people, augmentation of their income and
improvement in their quality of life is a crucial need. The Rural Development
Policy commits to create self-confident, determined and promising people
through activating in them the power of the self and displacing the mentality to
depend on others and charity. To achieve this end, first of all, emphasis has been
laid on enabling the local govt. institutions with befitting training so that they
become effective, skilled and efficient, and play their-role as facilitators in
making people willing to undertake self-initiated innovative works. In this regard,
necessary reforms will be needed with a view to activating local govt. and
general administration for creation of an enabling environment and facilitation
of development. Government need to work out well-defined policies and
objectives at the national level, and firm and full commitment of those at the
top-most rung of policy-making will be required for implementing them. These
policies and objectives as well as the good intention to implement them need to
be reflected up to the lowest level and in this regard, what may be considered an
essential pre-condition is to undertake well-thought-out and highly calculated
programmes and actions. This policy offers an outline of integration of efforts of
people, people’s representatives, all govt. departments, ministries, agencies and
all other supportive forces. It is expected that rural development as visualized in
 P a g e | 26

the constitution could be made a solid reality in the quickest possible time given
that poverty alleviation endeavours are made in a planned and concerted
manner in earnest pursuance of the policy.

 References
1. Ahmed, S. (1986) “Implementation of second five year plan and an outline of third
plan of Bangladesh”, Ministry of Planning, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
2. https://www.importantindia.com/22035/rural-development/
3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2003) “Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh”,
Statistics Division, Dhaka: Ministry of Planning.
4. Hossain, M. and B. Sen (1992) “Rural poverty in Bangladesh: Trends and
determinants”, Vol. Asian Development Review, Vol. 10(1), pp. 134.
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word
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Contents:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. History of Rural Development of Bangladesh.
3. Objective of the study.
4. Methodology.
5. Definition of Rural Development.
6. The Objectives of Rural Development.
7. Indicators of Rural Development.
8. Specific Targets of Rural Development.
9. Dimensions of Rural Development.
10.Rural development through Agriculture.
11.Digital villages for digital Bangladesh.
12.Population and Family Welfare.
13.Youth Development
14. Rural development through credit programme.
15.The Role of NGO’s in Rural Development.
16.Rural development and Education.
17. Rural Development through ICT program.
18.Entrepreneurship as an economic force in rural development.
19.Development of rural areas through industries.
20.Development of transportation systems.
21.Rural Infrastructure Development
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22.Rural Health Services and Nutrition Development:

23.Development of Rural Housing:
24.Weaknesses of Rural Development Programmes in Bangladesh .
25.Steps to be taken for Rural Development.
26. Conclusion.
27.References.